closingn.

/ˈkləʊzɪŋ/

Etymology: < close v.

a. The action of close v., in various senses; shutting; enclosing; drawing together; ending, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting

shutting?a1366

closing1398

clausurec1440

sparring1564

uphasping1582

closure1600

fastening1605

shut1667

close1721

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun]

closurec1420

inclusiona1500

closing1530

circumference1602

enclosure1605

interception1665

enceinte1708

circumclusion1730

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > coming to an end or expiry

endc1000

ush1463

outrunning1483

extermination1490

ish1502

expirement1526

concluding1530

expiration1562

closing1598

terminating1598

cessure1607

outpassing1609

expire1612

expiring1612

expiry1807

cesser1809

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards each other or convergence

concourse1398

recountera1470

congress1578

concurrency1597

flocking1604

confluence1606

contraction1610

congression1611

closing1625

conflux1655

coition1656

concurrencea1661

convolation1676

concursion1692

convergence1713

convergency1794

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > arrangement in line or file > closing rank

closing1625

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > becoming joined

assembly1330

coition?1541

concourse1570

coiture1578

closea1616

concurrence1656

closing1793

join-up1969

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xvii. 122 Somme letters ben sownyd..by closyng of the lyppes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/1 Closyng of a ground with hedge or pale, closture.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 133 The closing of some glorious day.

1625 G. Markham Souldiers Accidence 16 The Opening and Closing either of Rankes or Fyles.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §295 The closing of the joints.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. I. 132 The closing of the continental ports against our manufactures.

b. Also with adverbs closing-out (U.S.): see to close out 2 at close v. Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun]

closurec1420

pinning1503

closing1580

seclusion1623

penning1626

impoundage1954

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end

termininga1425

termination1514

lapping1549

closing1580

closure1594

solution1655

perioding1659

clausure1670

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [noun] > coming to an end

closing1819

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Closture de hayes, a closing in with hedges.

1675 T. Brooks Paradice Opened 52 I must hasten to a closing up of this particular.

1819 W. Wordsworth Waggoner i. 266 At closing-in of day.

1865 Memphis Daily Argus 19 Nov. 3/2 R. J. Dalton & Company's great closing out sale.

1887 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 433/1 Bought..at the closing-out sale of an old house in Boylston Place.

1936 D. Teilhet Ticking Terror Murders xiii. 214 Closing-out sale! Frances Taylor is closing out her Paris-Hollywood Shop. Reduced prices.

c. spec. A coming to terms, agreement, or union.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun]

accordc1275

assentc1400

agreement1427

appointment?1440

agreec1475

condition1483

covin1489

agreeance1525

concluding1530

compaction1534

indenture1540

conjurea1547

obsignation?1555

conclusion1569

engage1589

astipulation1595

adstipulation1598

agreation1598

tractation1600

closing1606

dispatch1612

combinationa1616

engagement1617

closure1647

covenantinga1649

adjustment1674

1606 Bp. J. Hall Heauen vpon Earth iv. 24 Faire spoken at the first closing.

1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 53 Pride is so unsociable a Vice..that there is no closing with it.

1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing i, in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 471/1 This sudden closing with him.

†2. That which closes or makes fast, a fastening.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun]

closing1382

shutter up1542

shutter1611

closer1817

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening

fasteningOE

closing1382

festela1400

fastenera1425

fastingc1450

fastnessa1550

seizurea1616

closure1616

obligation1646

agraffe1772

fastenment1836

buckling1861

hitch1881

soul and body lashing1883

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Baruch vi. 17 Prestes oft kepen the dores with closingis [L. clausuris] and lockis.

1500–25 Vergilius in W. J. Thoms Early Eng. Prose Romances (1858) II. 34 Virgilius put a waye the closynge and reseyued the emperour into his castell.

†3. An enclosed place, an enclosure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place

lockOE

close1297

cloisterc1300

purseynta1325

clausurea1398

closinga1398

closera1400

blokc1400

procinct1422

parclosea1470

enterclose1480

enclose1483

closure1496

sept1548

enclosure1552

shut1605

cincture1627

precinct1774

encincture1849

zariba1885

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clii. 1049 Wiþinne þe closinge or þe clausure of þe temple.

c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 128 The foote should march a private way through the closings.

Compounds

attributive, as in closing-fat ( closing vat), closing-step (Military); closing-hammer n. a hammer used for closing the seams of iron plates. closing-time n. the time at which a public building or place, spec. a public house, is closed; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > a calculated space of time > closing-time

closing-time1896

stop-tap1938

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting > closing-time

closing-time1896

1454 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 555/1 1 closing fat, 16/.]

1798 Rules & Regul. Cavalry (new ed.) The side or closing step is performed from the halt in ordinary time.

1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago xxxi. 291 At closing-time they all helped each other home.

1924 D. Garnett Man in Zoo 19 He was allowed out every evening after closing-time.

1927 R. Kipling Limits & Renewals (1932) 158 He'd gone to the Cup o' Grapes..and told everybody his grievances against Ellen till closing-time.

1954 A. Koestler Invisible Writing xxxv. 375 Closing time was approaching for Europe.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

closingadj.

a. That closes, in various senses; shutting; drawing close together; enclosing, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective]

closinga1616

shutting1634

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [adjective]

pent1610

casinga1616

closinga1616

palingc1630

bosominga1851

enclosing1856

including1899

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. iii. 64 The still closing waters.

1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour ii. ii. 18 Closing Skies might still continue bright.

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vii. x. 254 The closing eye of the old warrior.

b. Concluding, ending.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adjective]

finalc1365

endinga1400

finial?a1400

endly1436

conclusional1471

terminalc1475

parting?1570

supreme1570

terminant1589

desinent1608

terminative1613

conclusive1639

graciousa1701

finishing1705

ultimate1755

concluding1795

closing1796

wind-up1843

net1844

conclusory1846

terminational1874

summative1877

wrap-up1968

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adjective] > coming to an end

expiring1609

terminating1610

closing1850

latening1887

determining1893

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc viii. 114 My closing hour of life.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam ciii. 161 The closing cycle rich in good.

1879 J. McCarthy Hist. Own Times I. 412 The closing sentence of the speech.

Derivatives

† ˈclosingly adv. Obsolete in a closing manner, inclusively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adverb]

universally?c1425

closinglyc1449

includinglyc1449

inclusivelyc1487

unexclusively1827

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 111 He theryn..biddith includingli and closingli al it to be doon.

Draft additions March 2006

closing credits n. a list or sequence of credits shown at the end of a film or television programme, typically more comprehensive than opening credits; (also) the part of a film or programme during which these appear; cf. credit n. 16, end credits n. at end n. Additions.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > credits

credit1919

end credits1948

closing credits1952

credit list1958

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] > accompanying text on screen > credit

credit1919

credit title1922

opening credits1931

credit list1935

title sequence1936

end credits1948

closing credits1952

credit line1984

1952 Washington Post 6 Feb. 11 b/3 The opening and closing credits..were given a background of legs pirouetting in a spotlight.

1989 Broadcast 18 Aug. 20/1 The closing credits on its first transmissions had barely finished rolling.

1995 Entertainm. Weekly 22 Dec. 35/3 The sequel will include outtakes during the closing credits, just as the original did.

Draft additions March 2021

closing argument n. Law a spoken statement addressed to a jury at the end of a trial, in which each side in turn summarizes the evidence and seeks to present the most compelling case for a verdict in its favour; cf. summation n.² 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a speech > concluding speech or part of speech

parclosec1390

conclusionc1405

period1532

peroration1550

close1578

corollary1603

epilogue1644

closing argument1819

snapper1857

1819 Providence (Rhode Island) Patriot 9 Jan. His closing argument to the jury was remarkably lucid, powerful and eloquent.

1928 Daily Mail 24 Nov. 7 Prosecutor Byrne rose to begin the closing argument that would bring the prisoner to the electric chair.

2006 D. Yonke Sin, Shame & Secrets lix. 215 Judge Osowik ordered a short recess before closing arguments.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	closing
释义	closingn. /ˈkləʊzɪŋ/ Etymology: < close v. 1. a. The action of close v., in various senses; shutting; enclosing; drawing together; ending, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting shutting?a1366 closing1398 clausurec1440 sparring1564 uphasping1582 closure1600 fastening1605 shut1667 close1721 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] closurec1420 inclusiona1500 closing1530 circumference1602 enclosure1605 interception1665 enceinte1708 circumclusion1730 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > coming to an end or expiry endc1000 ush1463 outrunning1483 extermination1490 ish1502 expirement1526 concluding1530 expiration1562 closing1598 terminating1598 cessure1607 outpassing1609 expire1612 expiring1612 expiry1807 cesser1809 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards each other or convergence concourse1398 recountera1470 congress1578 concurrency1597 flocking1604 confluence1606 contraction1610 congression1611 closing1625 conflux1655 coition1656 concurrencea1661 convolation1676 concursion1692 convergence1713 convergency1794 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > arrangement in line or file > closing rank closing1625 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > becoming joined assembly1330 coition?1541 concourse1570 coiture1578 closea1616 concurrence1656 closing1793 join-up1969 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xvii. 122 Somme letters ben sownyd..by closyng of the lyppes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/1 Closyng of a ground with hedge or pale, closture. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 133 The closing of some glorious day. View more context for this quotation 1625 G. Markham Souldiers Accidence 16 The Opening and Closing either of Rankes or Fyles. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §295 The closing of the joints. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. I. 132 The closing of the continental ports against our manufactures. b. Also with adverbs closing-out (U.S.): see to close out 2 at close v. Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun] closurec1420 pinning1503 closing1580 seclusion1623 penning1626 impoundage1954 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end termininga1425 termination1514 lapping1549 closing1580 closure1594 solution1655 perioding1659 clausure1670 the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [noun] > coming to an end closing1819 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Closture de hayes, a closing in with hedges. 1675 T. Brooks Paradice Opened 52 I must hasten to a closing up of this particular. 1819 W. Wordsworth Waggoner i. 266 At closing-in of day. 1865 Memphis Daily Argus 19 Nov. 3/2 R. J. Dalton & Company's great closing out sale. 1887 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 433/1 Bought..at the closing-out sale of an old house in Boylston Place. 1936 D. Teilhet Ticking Terror Murders xiii. 214 Closing-out sale! Frances Taylor is closing out her Paris-Hollywood Shop. Reduced prices. c. spec. A coming to terms, agreement, or union. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] accordc1275 assentc1400 agreement1427 appointment?1440 agreec1475 condition1483 covin1489 agreeance1525 concluding1530 compaction1534 indenture1540 conjurea1547 obsignation?1555 conclusion1569 engage1589 astipulation1595 adstipulation1598 agreation1598 tractation1600 closing1606 dispatch1612 combinationa1616 engagement1617 closure1647 covenantinga1649 adjustment1674 1606 Bp. J. Hall Heauen vpon Earth iv. 24 Faire spoken at the first closing. 1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 53 Pride is so unsociable a Vice..that there is no closing with it. 1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing i, in Fraser's Mag. Apr. 471/1 This sudden closing with him. †2. That which closes or makes fast, a fastening. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] closing1382 shutter up1542 shutter1611 closer1817 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening fasteningOE closing1382 festela1400 fastenera1425 fastingc1450 fastnessa1550 seizurea1616 closure1616 obligation1646 agraffe1772 fastenment1836 buckling1861 hitch1881 soul and body lashing1883 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Baruch vi. 17 Prestes oft kepen the dores with closingis [L. clausuris] and lockis. 1500–25 Vergilius in W. J. Thoms Early Eng. Prose Romances (1858) II. 34 Virgilius put a waye the closynge and reseyued the emperour into his castell. †3. An enclosed place, an enclosure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place lockOE close1297 cloisterc1300 purseynta1325 clausurea1398 closinga1398 closera1400 blokc1400 procinct1422 parclosea1470 enterclose1480 enclose1483 closure1496 sept1548 enclosure1552 shut1605 cincture1627 precinct1774 encincture1849 zariba1885 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clii. 1049 Wiþinne þe closinge or þe clausure of þe temple. c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 128 The foote should march a private way through the closings. Compounds attributive, as in closing-fat ( closing vat), closing-step (Military); closing-hammer n. a hammer used for closing the seams of iron plates. closing-time n. the time at which a public building or place, spec. a public house, is closed; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > a calculated space of time > closing-time closing-time1896 stop-tap1938 the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting > closing-time closing-time1896 1454 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 555/1 1 closing fat, 16/.] 1798 Rules & Regul. Cavalry (new ed.) The side or closing step is performed from the halt in ordinary time. 1896 A. Morrison Child of Jago xxxi. 291 At closing-time they all helped each other home. 1924 D. Garnett Man in Zoo 19 He was allowed out every evening after closing-time. 1927 R. Kipling Limits & Renewals (1932) 158 He'd gone to the Cup o' Grapes..and told everybody his grievances against Ellen till closing-time. 1954 A. Koestler Invisible Writing xxxv. 375 Closing time was approaching for Europe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). closingadj. a. That closes, in various senses; shutting; drawing close together; enclosing, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] closinga1616 shutting1634 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [adjective] pent1610 casinga1616 closinga1616 palingc1630 bosominga1851 enclosing1856 including1899 a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. iii. 64 The still closing waters. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour ii. ii. 18 Closing Skies might still continue bright. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vii. x. 254 The closing eye of the old warrior. b. Concluding, ending. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adjective] finalc1365 endinga1400 finial?a1400 endly1436 conclusional1471 terminalc1475 parting?1570 supreme1570 terminant1589 desinent1608 terminative1613 conclusive1639 graciousa1701 finishing1705 ultimate1755 concluding1795 closing1796 wind-up1843 net1844 conclusory1846 terminational1874 summative1877 wrap-up1968 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adjective] > coming to an end expiring1609 terminating1610 closing1850 latening1887 determining1893 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc viii. 114 My closing hour of life. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam ciii. 161 The closing cycle rich in good. View more context for this quotation 1879 J. McCarthy Hist. Own Times I. 412 The closing sentence of the speech. Derivatives † ˈclosingly adv. Obsolete in a closing manner, inclusively. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adverb] universally?c1425 closinglyc1449 includinglyc1449 inclusivelyc1487 unexclusively1827 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 111 He theryn..biddith includingli and closingli al it to be doon. Draft additions March 2006 closing credits n. a list or sequence of credits shown at the end of a film or television programme, typically more comprehensive than opening credits; (also) the part of a film or programme during which these appear; cf. credit n. 16, end credits n. at end n. Additions. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > credits credit1919 end credits1948 closing credits1952 credit list1958 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] > accompanying text on screen > credit credit1919 credit title1922 opening credits1931 credit list1935 title sequence1936 end credits1948 closing credits1952 credit line1984 1952 Washington Post 6 Feb. 11 b/3 The opening and closing credits..were given a background of legs pirouetting in a spotlight. 1989 Broadcast 18 Aug. 20/1 The closing credits on its first transmissions had barely finished rolling. 1995 Entertainm. Weekly 22 Dec. 35/3 The sequel will include outtakes during the closing credits, just as the original did. Draft additions March 2021 closing argument n. Law a spoken statement addressed to a jury at the end of a trial, in which each side in turn summarizes the evidence and seeks to present the most compelling case for a verdict in its favour; cf. summation n.² 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a speech > concluding speech or part of speech parclosec1390 conclusionc1405 period1532 peroration1550 close1578 corollary1603 epilogue1644 closing argument1819 snapper1857 1819 Providence (Rhode Island) Patriot 9 Jan. His closing argument to the jury was remarkably lucid, powerful and eloquent. 1928 Daily Mail 24 Nov. 7 Prosecutor Byrne rose to begin the closing argument that would bring the prisoner to the electric chair. 2006 D. Yonke Sin, Shame & Secrets lix. 215 Judge Osowik ordered a short recess before closing arguments. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1382adj.c1449
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