单词 | closely |
释义 | closelyadv. In a close manner; usually opposed to openly. 1. So as to leave no passage out or in; ‘without inlet or outlet’ (Johnson). Hence, in a place strictly shut up, in close confinement. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adverb] > so as to leave no passage in or out closely1597 hermetically1605 airtightly1800 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [adverb] straitc1330 covertly1430 straitly1487 at (also to) hard meat1542 close1562 closely1597 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 38 This day should Clarence closely be mewed vp. View more context for this quotation a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1772) I. 604 Putting the mixture into a crucible closely luted. 1891 N.E.D. at Closely Mod. Henry was closely confined in the Tower. This room has been closely shut up. 2. spec. With closed lips, inarticulately. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > [adverb] > in a mumbling or indistinct manner closely1564 mafflingly1565 thick1589 fumblingly1598 mumblingly1662 grumblingly1677 mutteringlyc1681 clippingly1849 amutter1856 splutteringly1941 splodgily1963 slurrily1969 1564 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge iii. f. 58 Bishops and priestes shuld celebrate..the Masse, not closely, but with vtterance and sownde of voice, that they might be heard of the people. 1579 W. Fulke Refut. Rastels Confut. in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 771 The wordes of consecration by no authoritie..ought to be pronounced closelye. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb] stillyc1000 dernlyc1175 dernea1200 privement?c1225 hidlingsa1250 in hidela1300 in scubardisa1300 stilla1300 hidel-likea1325 privyc1330 ywryȝeliche1340 in secre wysec1374 hidinglya1382 hidlya1382 in privy1384 closea1387 secrelyc1386 stalworthlya1400 covertlyc1400 secrec1405 in hidlings1422 secretly1447 secretementc1470 in secret1474 hugger-muggera1529 in hugger-mugger1529 secret1539 underboard1548 closely1552 darkly1559 in secret wise1563 hiddenly1580 tectly1587 underwater1600 concealedly1622 underground1632 occultly1641 in petto1647 under the rosea1704 subterraneously1791 suppressedly1825 underfoot1860 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [adverb] privement?c1225 privilya1250 asidesc1384 out of commonaltya1400 privatelyc1425 privatec1443 asidec1460 in private1469 under the rose1546 closely1552 on private1582 in particular1585 retiredly1599 sotto voce1819 in camera1826 on the quiet1856 on the (strict) q.t.1885 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Beare closely, priuely, or secretly. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. L6 It shall be done so cloosely, as no dogges shall barke at it. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 31 We haue closely sent for Hamlet hether. View more context for this quotation 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. i. 96 If the King did closely or apertly, study or goe about to breake or alter this agreement. 4. In close proximity: a. Near to some person or thing specified or understood. Hence with hold, keep, etc., sometimes implying restraint (see quots. 1656, 1879): narrowly. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [adverb] > nearly or closely nighlyOE nighc1387 throng?a1425 justc1440 narrowly1487 foot-hot1513 meeta1522 hardly1554 fastlings1568 nearly1569 neara1592 close1596 closely1634 nicely1690 narrow1697 snugly1800 snug1831 tight1888 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [adverb] > closely (of confinement) narroweOE strictly1609 closely1634 crampingly1891 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 189 This famous Isle..by which we closely trauelled. 1656 A. Cowley Resurrection in Pindaric Odes iv. 22 Hold thy Pindarique Pegasus closely in. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc v. 455 The famish'd babe Clings closely to his dying mother's breast. 1879 ‘E. Garrett’ House by Wks. II. 68 Young men are often kept very closely by their fathers. 1885 J. Payn Talk of Town I. 14 He wore..his own hair, but closely cut. b. With the components near together, densely, compactly, with compression. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [adverb] > densely sarralyc1330 throng?a1425 sarray1487 closely1569 throngly1653 densely1832 the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > close texture > [adverb] closely1860 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 426 The Englishe men shot so closely..together. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 36 Dooues in tempest clinging fast closlye to geather. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 191 A treaty..by which the Princes of the Empire bound themselves closely together. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. 244 In both liquids and solids we have the molecules closely packed. 5. a. figurative. Of association, resemblance, etc.: Nearly, intimately. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [adverb] > intimately or closely home1532 close1576 intimately1665 straitly1690 congenially1752 kindredly1765 closely1841 1841 G. Borrow Zincali II. iii. 108 Closely connected with the Sanscrit. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 112 The episcopal polity was also closely associated in the public mind with all the evils. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 444 in Idylls of King My name, once mine, now thine, is closelier mine. b. Of nearness to a pattern, model, standard, ideal course. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adverb] > closely (of resemblance) nigha1382 neara1398 nearly1594 expressly1642 closely1682 close1833 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > closeness to accuracy > [adverb] much1560 nearly1594 muchwhat1619 nigh about1632 closely1682 roughly1768 close1833 approximatively1835 proximately1839 in the rough1841 approximately1845 along1852 nearbouta1857 in a sort of (sorta) way1868 in the (right) ballpark1945 grosso modo1952 1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 70 When it does not closely adhere to its common Notices. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. I hope I have translated closely enough. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe III. ii. 127 Hall keeps more closely to his subject. 1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 327 The analogy of common law is to be followed as closely as may be. 6. By bringing the eyes or mind into close proximity with an object or matter; with close attention or investigation. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adverb] > with scrupulous care or attention to detail narrowlyeOE narrowOE wellOE busilyc1225 inwardly?c1225 closely1509 nearly1540 near1560 searchingly1574 nicely1597 exactly1612 strictly1632 close1642 pressly1642 scrutinously1650 minutely1690 scrupulously1712 tightly1758 keenly1824 slippery1828 meticulously1961 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > close examination, scrutiny > [adverb] narrowlyeOE closely1509 searchingly1574 close1642 pressly1642 scrutinously1650 minutely1690 scrutinizingly1828 probingly1876 scanningly1876 vivisectionally1899 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xi. xxxi. 45 The poetes conclude full closely Their fruitfull problemes for reformacion. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiii. 506 Taurea..enquired at length closely, after silence made, where about hee was. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iv. 64 Were the happinesse of the next world as closely apprehended as the felicities of this. 1701 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) II. 55 He very closely Expostulated with them. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vii. xxix. 197 With us to think closely..is the least part of a learned Man. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 162 Disputing the point of religion more closely. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 17 To investigate closely the history of prices. 1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 30 14 The case..is not really in point when we come to look at it closely. 7. When qualifying participles it is usually hyphenated, as closely-drawn, closely-fitting, closely-packed, closely-woven. ΚΠ 1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings II. xviii. 42 The closely-latticed window. 1836 H. Rogers Life J. Howe (1863) ii. 35 Closely-cropped hair. 1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel viii-ix. 556 Belief in the ever closely-present omnipresence of God. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.1509 |
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