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单词 -ment
释义

-mentsuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. nourishment n.
Forms: Middle English -mentt, Middle English–1600s -mente, Middle English– -ment.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French -ment; Latin -mentum.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French -ment, suffix forming nouns from verbs (to denote the result or product of the action of the verb, e.g. garnement garment n., habillement habiliment n., or the action itself, e.g. abrégement abridgement n., accomplissement accomplishment n., commencement commencement n.) and its etymon classical Latin -mentum, suffix forming nouns from verbs (to denote the result or product of the action of the verb, as in fragmentum fragment n., or the means or instrument of the action, as in alimentum aliment n., ōrnāmentum ornament n.) and from adjectives (e.g. ātrāmentum atrament n., palūdāmentum paludament n.) < an Indo-European base representing a variant (with -t- extension) of the Indo-European base of classical Latin -men , suffix forming nouns from verbs (e.g. acūmen acumen n., flūmen flume n., nōmen name n.), and ancient Greek -μα (see -oma comb. form).English formations from verbs of Germanic origin, e.g. eggment n., hangment n., onement n., date from the late 14th and 15th centuries; forms of the same period in which the verb is of Romance origin, e.g. chastisement n., may be either borrowings of a Romance form in -ment or new formations in Middle English. Formations within English from verbs of Romance origin are attested from the 16th cent., e.g. banishment n., enhancement n., alongside those from verbs of Germanic origin, e.g. acknowledgement n., amazement n., atonement n., wonderment n. From the 17th cent. onwards both kinds are common, often with the prefixes em- prefix, en- prefix1, and be- prefix, e.g. ailment n., betterment n., bombardment n., fulfilment n., internment n., settlement n., shipment n.; embankment n.1, embodiment n., enlightenment n., entanglement n.; bedazzlement n., bedevilment n., bereavement n., bewilderment n. 20th-cent. formations include bemusement n., encirclement n., and upliftment n. Formations from adjectives occur sporadically from the 16th cent. onwards, e.g. dreariment n., foolishment n., funniment n., merriment n., oddment n. The letter y (after a consonant) at the end of the first element is changed into i when the suffix is appended, as in accompaniment.
Forming abstract nouns from verbs and (less commonly) from adjectives.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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