cloningn.

Brit.

/ˈkləʊnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈkloʊnɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: clone v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < clone v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action or process of producing a clone (in various senses).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [noun] > cloning

cloning1930

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from common ancestor > clone or polyclone > fact of involving or causing

cloning1930

polyclonality1978

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > action of repeating in a copy or making a copy > cloning

cloning1976

1930 Jrnl. Ecol. 18 357 One plant, derived by cloning from the original wild plant, was re-cloned to make 156 plants in September 1927.

1960 Science 6 May 1377/1 This procedure should prove useful for the primary isolation, manipulation, and cloning of many different cell types.

1976 Maclean's 19 Apr. 62/1 Media clonings—where real life becomes a book, then a film, and finally a musical comedy.

1981 N.Y. Mag. 24 Aug. 10 I have seen the creeping growth of fashion boutiques and an uncontrolled cloning of antique shops.

1994 Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Newslet. Sept. 38/1 Still less did it have any intention of authorizing experiments in procedures like cloning or parthenogenesis.

2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 12 Feb. a29/3 The age of human cloning has apparently arrived: today, cloned blastocysts for research, tomorrow cloned blastocysts for babymaking.

2. Molecular Biology. A process in which a gene or other DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid or virus which is then allowed to replicate in a bacterial or yeast host, producing multiple copies of the original fragment. Frequently with distinguishing word, as gene cloning (see gene n.² Compounds 1b), molecular cloning, etc.

ΚΠ

1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 1747/2 The procedure reported here offers a general approach utilizing bacterial plasmids for the cloning of DNA molecules from various sources.

1978 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75 4242/1 Plasmids containing a cos site..are useful as vectors for gene cloning.

1982 Sci. Amer. May 112/2 The word has been applied even to the reproduction of DNA..; thus one now speaks somewhat loosely of the cloning of genes in bacteria.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) v. 258 DNA cloning and genetic engineering enable specific genes to be isolated in quantity, redesigned, and then inserted back into cells and organisms.

2000 Daily Tel. 4 Apr. 7/8 There is still widespread public confusion about the definition of ‘gene cloning’. This creates copies of a single gene to treat an inherited illness, such as cystic fibrosis.

2003 S. Greenfield Tomorrow's People (2004) v. 133 ‘Molecular cloning’, of just a few genes, is mainly a research tool that need not bother us here.

Compounds

cloning vector n. Molecular Biology a DNA molecule (esp. a plasmid) capable of replicating, which is modified such that a fragment of foreign DNA can be inserted into it and which can hence be used for cloning.

ΚΠ

1976 Molecular & Gen. Genetics 145 155/1 A DNA segment is prepared for cloning by joining in vitro with bacterial plasmid DNA (the ‘cloning vector’) to form a hybrid plasmid.

1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) iv. 71 The 4.4kb plasmid pBR322 (a popular cloning vector) has a copy number of about 50 per E. coli cell.

2006 C. Starr Biology (ed. 6) xv. 222/2 Cloning vectors usually have multiple cloning sites, which are several unique restriction enzyme sequences clustered in one part of the vector.

cloning vehicle n. Molecular Biology = cloning vector n.

ΚΠ

1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 3459/1 ColE1 has been shown to serve as an effective molecular vehicle for cloning and amplifying specific regions of unrelated DNA.]

1975 Cell 6 359/2 The heteroduplexes formed between these plasmids show a double-stranded DNA segment the length of the pSC101 cloning vehicle that is common to both plasmids.

1985 R. W. Old & S. B. Primrose Princ. Gene Manip. (ed. 3) iii. 47 Plasmids are widely used as cloning vehicles.

2007 Gene 391 172/2 The use of the Bacillus subtilis genome as a cloning vehicle is based on unique features of this bacterium, in particular its natural competence development.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cloning
释义	cloningn. Brit. /ˈkləʊnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkloʊnɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: clone v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < clone v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action or process of producing a clone (in various senses). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [noun] > cloning cloning1930 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from common ancestor > clone or polyclone > fact of involving or causing cloning1930 polyclonality1978 the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > action of repeating in a copy or making a copy > cloning cloning1976 1930 Jrnl. Ecol. 18 357 One plant, derived by cloning from the original wild plant, was re-cloned to make 156 plants in September 1927. 1960 Science 6 May 1377/1 This procedure should prove useful for the primary isolation, manipulation, and cloning of many different cell types. 1976 Maclean's 19 Apr. 62/1 Media clonings—where real life becomes a book, then a film, and finally a musical comedy. 1981 N.Y. Mag. 24 Aug. 10 I have seen the creeping growth of fashion boutiques and an uncontrolled cloning of antique shops. 1994 Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Newslet. Sept. 38/1 Still less did it have any intention of authorizing experiments in procedures like cloning or parthenogenesis. 2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 12 Feb. a29/3 The age of human cloning has apparently arrived: today, cloned blastocysts for research, tomorrow cloned blastocysts for babymaking. 2. Molecular Biology. A process in which a gene or other DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid or virus which is then allowed to replicate in a bacterial or yeast host, producing multiple copies of the original fragment. Frequently with distinguishing word, as gene cloning (see gene n.² Compounds 1b), molecular cloning, etc. ΚΠ 1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 1747/2 The procedure reported here offers a general approach utilizing bacterial plasmids for the cloning of DNA molecules from various sources. 1978 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75 4242/1 Plasmids containing a cos site..are useful as vectors for gene cloning. 1982 Sci. Amer. May 112/2 The word has been applied even to the reproduction of DNA..; thus one now speaks somewhat loosely of the cloning of genes in bacteria. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) v. 258 DNA cloning and genetic engineering enable specific genes to be isolated in quantity, redesigned, and then inserted back into cells and organisms. 2000 Daily Tel. 4 Apr. 7/8 There is still widespread public confusion about the definition of ‘gene cloning’. This creates copies of a single gene to treat an inherited illness, such as cystic fibrosis. 2003 S. Greenfield Tomorrow's People (2004) v. 133 ‘Molecular cloning’, of just a few genes, is mainly a research tool that need not bother us here. Compounds cloning vector n. Molecular Biology a DNA molecule (esp. a plasmid) capable of replicating, which is modified such that a fragment of foreign DNA can be inserted into it and which can hence be used for cloning. ΚΠ 1976 Molecular & Gen. Genetics 145 155/1 A DNA segment is prepared for cloning by joining in vitro with bacterial plasmid DNA (the ‘cloning vector’) to form a hybrid plasmid. 1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) iv. 71 The 4.4kb plasmid pBR322 (a popular cloning vector) has a copy number of about 50 per E. coli cell. 2006 C. Starr Biology (ed. 6) xv. 222/2 Cloning vectors usually have multiple cloning sites, which are several unique restriction enzyme sequences clustered in one part of the vector. cloning vehicle n. Molecular Biology = cloning vector n. ΚΠ 1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 3459/1 ColE1 has been shown to serve as an effective molecular vehicle for cloning and amplifying specific regions of unrelated DNA.] 1975 Cell 6 359/2 The heteroduplexes formed between these plasmids show a double-stranded DNA segment the length of the pSC101 cloning vehicle that is common to both plasmids. 1985 R. W. Old & S. B. Primrose Princ. Gene Manip. (ed. 3) iii. 47 Plasmids are widely used as cloning vehicles. 2007 Gene 391 172/2 The use of the Bacillus subtilis genome as a cloning vehicle is based on unique features of this bacterium, in particular its natural competence development. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1930
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