clonen.
/kləʊn/, U.S. /kloʊn/ 1.
a. Botany. A population of genetically identical plants which have arisen from a single parent by means of natural or artificial vegetative propagation (e.g. by the use of grafts, cuttings, etc., or by apomixis).
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the world > plants > wild and cultivated plants > [noun] > cultivated or planted > that has been transplanted > from one original stock
clone1903
1903 H. J. Webber in Science 16 Oct. 502/2 Clons..are groups of plants that are propagated by the use of any form of vegetative parts.
1905 C. L. Pollard in Science 21 July 88/1 I therefore suggest clone (plural clones) as the correct form of the word.
1928 Times 20 July 20/3 In a tapping test of buddings now being carried out by the institute, the highest-yielding clone has latex vessels of much smaller bore than the lowest-yielding clone.
1934 Amer. Home Mar. 232/2 The old-fashioned Tawny Daylily was one of those interesting plants that was reproduced entirely by vegetative means, a ‘clon’ to give its technical name.
1964 Bot. Gaz. 125 66/2 Three different own-rooted clones were used as experimental plants.
1977 J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants 20 The growth of a population of fronds from a mother frond is of course the growth of a clone.
1986 J. A. Samson Trop. Fruits (ed. 2) v. 87 There are literally thousands of citrus cultivars. Thanks to polyembryony and vegetative propagation the great majority are well-established clones.
2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees ix. 177 Female clones of S[alix] alba var. caerulea are the sole source of wood for cricket bats.
b. Biology. Any group of genetically identical bacterial or eukaryotic cells produced asexually from a single ancestor. Also (Molecular Biology): a population consisting of identical, often recombinant, DNA molecules.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from common ancestor > clone or polyclone > group of organisms
clone1929
1929 Bibliographia Genetica 5 234 In Bacillus coli communis...a biotype was also found having lower motility than the remainder of the clone from which it came.
1945 Sociometry 8 15 All members of the same clone (derived by fission from a single ex-conjugant), are found, on becoming mature, to belong to the same sex type.
1958 New Scientist 20 Feb. 13/1 Various techniques have been devised for producing these ‘clone cultures’ from single cells.
1963 J. B. S. Haldane in G. Wolstenholme Man & his Future 352 Perhaps the first step will be the production of a clone from a single fertilized egg, as in Brave New World.
1971 J. Hamerton Human Cytogenetics I. vii. 225 In vitro studies on mixoploidy should include the use of single cell clones from a mixoploid culture so that the only genetic difference is confined to a single chromosome.
1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) v. 262 (heading) Hybridization with a radioactive DNA probe can be used to identify the clones of interest in a DNA library.
1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) xvi. 579 Microbiologist Peter Palese..discovered in laboratory tests that if he examined a pool of 100 clones of flu viruses—clones being supposedly identical organisms—there were on average seven mutations for every 91.6 nucleotides.
2000 E. Bier Coiled Spring ii. 39 Because the founding bacterium of a colony will have taken up only a single DNA molecule, all bacteria within a clone carry the same recombinant plasmid.
c. An animal or (theoretically) a person that is developed asexually from its parent to whom it is genetically identical. In later use esp.: an animal, embryo, etc., developed from a denucleated egg cell into which nuclear material from a somatic cell has been transferred. The first animal to be cloned from a single adult cell using nuclear transfer techniques was a sheep named Dolly, who was born in 1997 at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. Since then other animals, such as the horse, cat, and dog have been successfully cloned in the same way.
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1982 Sci. Amer. May 112/1 Individual organisms that arise asexually from the somatic, or body, cells of the parent rather than from the specialized sexual cells are called clones.
1997 Daily Tel. 24 Feb. 5/1 The possibility that an adult human can be cloned from a single blood or skin cell was raised yesterday with the announcement that scientists have produced the world's first clone of an adult animal.
2003 R. Dawkins Devil's Chaplain i. 34 Science cannot tell you whether it is wrong to clone a whole human being. But it can tell you that a Dolly-style clone is just an identical twin, though of a different age.
2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 6 Mar. i. 1 (headline) ‘Frankenkitty’ or priceless duplicate? Animal-rights groups and ethicists have claws out over clones.
2.
a. Chiefly Science Fiction. Any member of a hypothetical population of artificially produced, identical people, aliens, etc. Also: a duplicate of a living person.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from common ancestor > clone or polyclone
clone1970
polyclone1975
1970 A. Toffler Future Shock ix. 176 Those most likely to replicate themselves will be those who are most narcissistic, and..the clones they produce will also be narcissists.
1978 D. M. Rorvik In His Image xxviii. 184 The uniqueness of each individual would thus always be preserved, even in a world of clones.
1992 Waldenbooks Hailing Frequencies 11/2 Miles meets his clone, much to the dismay of them both.
2002 Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 27 Dec. (To Do section) 6/3 Capt Picard..and Data..embark on a peace mission to save the galaxy and encounter some evil clones obsessed with destroying humans.
2006 Time Out N.Y. 6 Apr. 104/3 His last book..offered thematically rich, intersecting plotlines reaching from the 19th-century South Pacific to a far-future eco-nightmare peopled by clones.
b. colloquial. A person regarded as an exact copy of another; esp. one who slavishly imitates another (frequently with defining word, esp. a name).
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the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing
print1340
imagec1384
similitude?a1425
picturec1475
similitudeness1547
portrait1567
idol1590
model1594
self-imagea1672
duplicate1701
moral1751
ditto1776
fetch1787
double1798
fetch-like1841
splitting image1880
spitting image1901
spit1929
split-image1950
clone1977
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > copying slavishly > one who copies slavishly
clone1977
1977 M. Helprin Refiner's Fire x. i. 286 Though in America they would have been strikingly diverse, in Israel, by virtue of being Americans, they were practically clones.
1978 G. Vidal Kalki i. 20 My antennae had quickly picked up the message that Bruce Sapersteen was a clone of H. V. Weiss.
1979 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 13 Nov. 23/1 The 32-year-old is not one of a myriad of Elvis clones who came out of the woodwork when the King died two years ago.
1983 Observer 4 Sept. 7/5 Isn't he rather too much of a Benn clone?
1997 G. Baxt Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Murder Case iii. 32 Everybody in the room was an Astaire and Rogers clone.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 Nov. a27/3 Mr. Ortega has been sending the signal that he thinks joining the ‘vegetarians’ will bring him more credit than being a clone of Hugo Chávez without the oil.
c. Something thing produced in imitation of, or closely resembling, another; esp. a microcomputer designed to simulate the functions of another (usually more expensive) model.
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the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > action of repeating in a copy or making a copy > duplicate or exact copy
counterpanec1475
counterparta1676
facsimile1691
duplicate1701
rescript1729
double1798
reduplicate1803
duplication1872
dupe1916
carbon copy1926
spit1929
clone1977
society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > personal computer > clone
clone1977
1977 Washington Post 23 Jan. e1/4 Then everybody gets rich from the clones or spinoffs.
1983 Byte Feb. 430 You can tell a really successful product by how many ‘clones’ (imitations) exist for it…Apple Computers Inc. is trying to stop the importation and sale of a number of clones from the Far East.
1993 J. Kay Found. Corporate Success i. i. 11 Bull—and the other attempts at European clones of IBM—epitomize wish-driven strategy, based on aspiration, not capability.
1999 D. Haslam Manchester, Eng. 275 In the 1990s Manchester was becoming some kind of clone of South Kensington circa 1985, all al fresco, design-led bar snacks;..shops selling luminous kettles and see-through toasters.
2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 16 Aug. a10/1 The Dragunov and its clones have become among the most lethal and effective weapons against American troops and their allies in Iraq.
3. slang (originally U.S.). A homosexual man who adopts a particular type of stereotypically macho appearance and style of dress. Now chiefly historical.
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1978 T. McGuane Panama vi. 80 Five hundred screaming clones in dripping batik, coiffed like leftenants [sic] out of Goodbye to All That.
1982 L. Fleischer Making Love xii. 173 Brief affairs, faggot bitchery, dance madness, drug abuse, hepatitis, clones—he shrank from all of them in horror.
1995 Independent 10 Nov. (Suppl.) 7/4 The men are everywhere. Leather men, muscle Marys, dancing queens, activists, preppies, clones, bikers and bohemians.
2000 G. Willett Living out Loud viii. 146 The clone look, imported in the late 1970s from San Francisco,..was unabashedly masculine in appearance: short hair, moustache, jeans, flannel shirt and work boots.
Compounds
clonemate n. any of the members of a single clone of organisms.
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1973 Biol. Bull. 144 68 Anemones from two clones..were collected and brought into the laboratory where they were kept with their clonemates in bowls supplied with running sea water.
1983 Evolution 37 552/1 Males [of two snails of the genus Thiara]..appeared to have narrower shells than female clonemates.
2003 A. E. Douglas in K. Bourtzis & T. A. Miller Insect Symbiosis ii. 27 These clonemates are predicted to cooperate, just as the cells in the aphid body cooperate and do not compete to be a reproductive cell.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
clonev.
/kləʊn/, U.S. /kloʊn/ 1.
a. transitive. Biology. To propagate (an organism or cell) as a clone.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > cloning
clone1930
1930 Jrnl. Ecol. 18 357 This is probably a record for the number of ‘individuals’ obtained at one time by cloning a herbaceous plant.
1959 Nature 22 Aug. 648 (heading) A New Technique for Isolating and Cloning Cells of Higher Plants.
1963 J. B. S. Haldane in G. Wolstenholme Man & his Future 352 On the general principle that men will make all possible mistakes before choosing the right path, we shall no doubt clone the wrong people.
1989 Life Autumn 63/3 (caption) The first mammals cloned were three mice.
2005 New Scientist 8 Jan. 12/1 Conservationists are attempting to clone the black-footed cat, a small and elusive species native to southern Africa.
b. transitive. Molecular Biology. To make copies of (a DNA sequence or gene).
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (transitive)] > clone
clone1974
1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 1747/2 The procedure reported here offers a general approach utilizing bacterial plasmids for the cloning of DNA molecules from various sources.]
1974 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 3459/1 ColE1 has been shown to serve as an effective molecular vehicle for cloning and amplifying specific regions of unrelated DNA.
1984 Molecular & Gen. Genetics 196 129 These results were confirmed by cloning the corresponding hemolysin determinant in the form of a recombinant plasmid.
1993 D. Shay & J. Duncan Making of Jurassic Park p. ix The research seems to echo Jurassic Park, the novel about scientists who bring dinosaurs back to life by cloning their DNA.
2000 U.S. News & World Rep. 20 Mar. 52/2 With the biotech revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, scientists cloned the relevant gene and inserted that DNA into nonhuman cells.
2. transitive. In extended use: to reproduce (an identical copy) from a given original; to replicate (an existing individual or thing).
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the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > imitate [verb (transitive)] > repeat in a copy > clone
clone1974
1974 Time (Canada ed.) 7 Jan. 58/3 In the end, he manages to win Miss Keaton and overthrow the Government by posing as a doctor engaged to clone a new head of state from the nose of the deceased one.
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 2 May 19/5 The band's key to success is its ability to take any number of recent styles and from them clone perfect rehashes of contemporary sounds, but that is also its artistic downfall.
1983 Oxf. Diocesan Mag. Sept. 11/3 Dr. Habgood is..a worthy successor to Stuart Blanch. Of course his style will be different. We don't want to clone our archbishops.
1990 Élan 11 May 27/1 Many copy claret but nobody tries to clone Châteauneuf-du-Pape.
2004 Source Dec. 72/1 From Foxy Brown literally biting Lil' Kim's flow to Lil' Zane's comparisons to Tupac, Hip-Hop's most popular or talented artists can not avoid being cloned.
3. transitive. To copy unique identifying electronic information from (a mobile phone, credit card, etc.) to another item of the same kind, usually for fraudulent purposes; to create an apparently identical copy of by similar means.
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1982 Economist 25 Sept. 72/2 The programme will work only when its dongle is also plugged into the computer... The dongle..is supposedly tamperproof. Oh? Already, some dongles have been cloned.
1992 Independent (Nexis) 16 Mar. 28 Mysteriously high bills show that electronic whiz-kids can ‘clone’ the phones and have their calls charged to the legitimate user.
1996 BC Business (Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) Jan. 42 They..found equipment for re-encoding and cloning credit cards.
2004 Which? Aug. 27/2 If your card is used fraudulently while it's still in your possession (for example, if it's been cloned..), you're not liable for a penny.
2007 F. H. Li et al. in Y. Xiao & Y. Pan Security in Distributed & Networking Syst. I. xviiii. 466 An intruder could..clone mobile phones to gain fraudulent services.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1903v.1930