† again-comb. form
Obsolete.
1. Against, in opposition to. Also: opposite (rare).See also again-come v., again-go v., again-rise v., again-running n., again-say v., again-set v., again-stand v.
a. Forming verbs.
again-behold v. transitive to look at, face.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxxvii. 9 Two cherubyn..stratching oute þe wengis: & couering þe propiciatory..& it aȝeyn-byholding [L. respicientes].
again-fight v. transitive to fight against.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ii. 16 Ðisum geleafan hi cyddon gecyðnysse oferswiðende þisne feondlican middaneard, na ongean feohtende [L. repugnando] ac sweltende.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xlvi. 6 He inwardli clepede the heȝest, myȝti in aȝenfiȝting [L. oppugnando] his enemys.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. vii. 23 An other lawe in my membris, aȝenfiȝtinge [L. repugnantem] to the lawe of my soule.
a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Josh. x. 31 He passide into Lachis..and..aȝenfauȝt [L.V. fauȝt aȝens; L. oppugnabat] it.
again-louk v. [ < again- comb. form + louk v.1] transitive to shut out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out
loukc1275
speara1300
beshutc1330
forbarc1330
warn?a1366
to close outa1382
to shut outc1384
steeka1393
again-louka1400
to keep outc1425
outshutc1450
seclude1498
to stop outc1530
to hedge out1549
confine1577
to hold out1583
out-bar1590
debar1593
excommunicate1602
expel1604
immurec1616
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxiv. 3 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 165 (MED) Þat filigh me, ogain louke þam [L. conclude adversus eos qui persequuntur me].
again-ride v. transitive to ride against.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxix. 7 Alle that aȝen riden [L. militaverunt], and bisegeden.
again-sprenge v. [ < again- comb. form + sprenge v.] transitive to besprinkle, bespatter.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > soil [verb (transitive)] > splash or splatter
slotterc1340
again-sprengea1382
resperse1482
besparkle1485
besperple1529
dash1530
bespattle1551
slobber1554
bespurt1579
besquatter1611
besquirt1611
bespurtle1616
bespatter1674
splash1699
spatter1718
spark1806
spluttera1869
splatter1888
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xiv. 44 Þe walles aȝeyn spreynt [L. respersos] wiþ spottys.
again-wince v. transitive to kick against.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxxii. 15 Ful made fat ys þe loued & aȝeyn wynsed [L. recalcitravit; a1425 L.V. kikide aȝen].
again-withstand v. transitive to resist.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. ix. 2 Sonys of Enachim..no man may aȝeyn wiþstonde [L. ex adverso resistere; a1425 L.V. aȝenstonde in the contrarie part].
again-witness v. transitive to witness against.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xlii. 19 Witende ȝee shul wite, that aȝenwitnessid Y haue [L. obtestatus sum] to ȝou this day.
b. Forming nouns.
again-meeting n. the fact of coming together; encounter.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges vii. 24 Comeþ down in to aȝen-metyng of Madyan, & occupieþ þe wateris vn to Bethhara & Jordan.
a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) 1 Kings xxv. 20 His men camen doun into aȝen metynge [L. occursum] of hyre.
again-weight n. a counterweight.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > a counterbalance > object used as
again-weight1340
counterpoisec1430
counterweight1768
compensation-balance1805
compensation-pendulum1807
compensating-pendulum1819
compensator1837
bumper1868
counterbalance1875
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 247 Þe ayenwyȝte [ Vices & V.(2) countrepeis] of þe ulesse is zuo heuy.
2. Back, backward.See also again-bring v., again-call v., again-chare v., again-come v., again-put v., again-turn v.
a. Forming verbs.
again-bow v. transitive to bend back.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 3 Kings vii. 26 As a lef of a lilie to ben aȝeen boowid [L. repandi].
again-clepe v. [ < again- comb. form + clepe v.] transitive to recall.
ΚΠ
OE Prayers (Arundel 155) xiii, in Anglia (1941) 65 236 Revoca me ad te atque revocatum paterna pietate semper custodi : ongenclypa [me] to þe & me ongengeclypodne mid fæderlicre arfæstnysse symble geheald.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms ci. 25 Ne aȝeen clepe thou me in the myddil of my daȝis.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 1 Rom. Prol. 303 Poul aȝenclepith [c1384 E.V. reuokith] these Romayns to veri feith.
again-draw v. intransitive to pull back, withdraw.
ΚΠ
c1300 St. Mary of Egypt (Laud) l. 59 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 262 (MED) Hire þouȝte, ȝwane heo wolde In go þat sum man hire a-ȝendrouȝ.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. iv. 7 Draw aȝeyn he saiþ þe honde in to þin bosom, he aȝeyndrewȝ [L. retraxit; a1425 L.V. withdrow] & brouȝte it forþ eftsones.
again-fare v. intransitive to return.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [verb (intransitive)]
to wend againeOE
i-cherrec1000
again-chareOE
again-comeOE
again-fareOE
again-goOE
eft-sithec1175
to turn againc1175
returna1325
attournec1386
turnc1390
recovera1393
repair?c1400
recourse?a1425
to go backc1425
resortc1425
revertc1475
renew1488
retour?1505
to make return1534
to turn back1538
retend1543
to come short home1548
regress1552
rejourna1556
revolt1567
revolve1587
repeal1596
recur1612
rewend1616
revene1656
to get back1664
to take back1674
OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) viii. 3 Ða wæteru ða gecyrdon of ðære eorðan ongean farende [L. reuersaeque sunt aquae de terra euntes et redeuntes] & begunnon to wanigenne.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11556 Ȝif þu nult aȝæin faren [c1300 Otho aȝen fare], sorhȝen þu scalt habben & kare.
again-frush v. [ < again- comb. form + frush v.] intransitive to start back, recoil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > start or spring back
hipc1300
again-frusha1382
recoil1513
to startle back1576
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xv. 16 All þe dwellers of Chanaan aȝeyn fruschiden [a1425 L.V. weren starke; L. obriguerunt] for feerd.
again-hold v. transitive to hold back, withhold.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > withhold or refuse to give
forbar1303
denyc1374
again-holda1382
withdrawc1386
restraina1393
to shut up1526
renounce1617
denegate1623
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxiv. 56 Wylln ȝe not..me aȝeynholde [L. retinere]: for þe lord haþ made redye my way.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 381 The same peple mowe iustli withdrawe and aȝenholde the tithis.
again-lead v. transitive and intransitive to lead back.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 22 Reduco eas [sc. oues meas] ad caulas: ic agenlæde hig on heora loca.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Tobit v. 15 Leden, and aȝeen lede [L. reducam] hym to thee hol.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 93 (MED) Þe names of right er relatyf, or aȝeynledynge to some þinges sayd.
again-tell v. [compare early Middle English agentale dispute, controversy (in a late copy of an Old English charter)] intransitive to report.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > reporting > report [verb (intransitive)]
again-tella1382
to make reportc1425
reportc1425
wainc1540
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxii. 8 Þer is not þat aȝen telle [L. renunciet] to me.
again-wend v. intransitive to turn back, return.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > turn back or retrace one's steps
charec1000
i-cherrec1000
again-wendOE
again-turna1375
to turn backc1425
reflect1608
redambulate1623
to tread back one's steps1777
back track1802
to try back1816
back-track1904
back-trail1907
OE Regularis Concordia (Tiber.) (1993) xxxiii. 64 Inde reuertentes canant antiphonas : þanon ongeanwendende singan þa antefnas.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11555 Eorles Norenissce..hahten hine aȝain wenden [c1300 Otho him aȝen wende].
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lxxvii. 12 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 209 Sones of Effrem..In dai of fight ere ogaynewendand [L. conuersi sunt].
a1450 in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen (1948) 7 160 (MED) A worde may neuere agane wende: Þou kepe þy tonge and halde þy frende.
b. Forming nouns.
again-drawing n. drawing back, retraction.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xiv. 39 If bi Jonathan my sone it is don, wiþ oute aȝeen drawyng [L. absque retractione] he schal dyen.
again-falling n. relapse.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > relapse > [noun]
again-falling1340
regressa1522
retrogration1567
regression1583
retrogradationa1609
reincidency1622
recess1641
retrogation1646
setback1669
retrogress1701
retrogression1757
backwarding1765
fallback1830
throwback1856
regressivity1890
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 116 Þet he hine loky uram ayen-uallinge.
again-race n. an act of running back, return; cf. gain-race n. at gain- prefix 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > return > [noun]
gaincome?c1225
retourc1330
gaincominga1340
again-cominga1382
returna1393
again-racea1400
returning?c1400
resortc1425
turningc1440
revertence?1457
repairingc1460
again-goinga1475
regress1478
revenuea1500
reversiona1500
back-coming1535
retire?1538
back-return1577
redition1595
regredience1648
reverter1663
epistrophe1814
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xviii. 7 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 151 Fra heghest heuen his outcome ai, And his ogaine-raas til hegh sette.
again-toot n. [ < again- comb. form + toot v.1; compare later toot n.1 3] the action of looking back.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > looking back
again-tootc1400
retrospection1633
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 931 Ay goande on yor gate, wythouten agayntote.
3. Expressing reversal.
again-cover v. transitive to reveal, uncover.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)]
unwryc825
unhelec1000
to draw forthc1175
unhillc1200
to bring forth?c1225
unsteekc1250
let witc1275
uncovera1300
wraya1300
knowc1300
barea1325
shrivec1374
unwrapc1374
again-covera1382
nakena1382
outc1390
tellc1390
disclosea1393
cough1393
unhidea1400
unclosec1400
unhaspc1400
bewrayc1405
reveal1409
accusea1413
reveil1424
unlocka1425
unrekec1425
disclude?1440
uncurec1440
utter1444
detect1447
break1463
expose1483
divinec1500
revelate1514
to bring (also put) to light1526
decipher1529
rake1547
rip1549
unshadow1550
to lay to sight1563
uppen1565
unlace1567
unvisor?1571
resign1572
uncloak1574
disshroud1577
spill1577
reap1578
unrip1579
scour1585
unharboura1586
unmask1586
uncase1587
descrya1591
unclasp?1592
unrive1592
discover1594
unburden1594
untomb1594
unhusk1596
dismask1598
to open upc1600
untruss1600
divulge1602
unshale1606
unbrace1607
unveil1609
rave1610
disveil1611
unface1611
unsecret1612
unvizard1620
to open up1624
uncurtain1628
unscreen1628
unbare1630
disenvelop1632
unclothe1632
to lay forth1633
unshroud1633
unmuffle1637
midwife1638
dissecret1640
unseal1640
unmantle1643
to fetch out1644
undisguise1655
disvelop1658
decorticate1660
clash1667
exert1692
disinter1711
to up with1715
unbundlea1739
develop1741
disembosom1745
to open out1814
to let out1833
unsack1846
uncrown1849
to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861
unfrock1866
disbosom1868
to blow the lid off1928
flush1950
surface1955
to take or pull the wraps off1964
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xlvii. 16 His soule aȝeen couerede [L. retexit; a1425 L.V. vnhilide] the erthe.
4. Expressing reciprocal or reflected action: in return.See also again-behote v., agenbite n.
a. Forming verbs.
again-low v. [ < again- comb. form + low v.1] intransitive to reverberate, resound.
ΚΠ
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 437 [Ad illam archangeli vocem omni buccina clariorem totus simul] remugiet [mundus] : ongeanhlewþ [gloss in margin oncwyð, ongeanhlowð].
again-measure v. transitive to measure back.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxv. 7 I shal aȝeen mesuren [L. remetiar] the werc of hem first in the bosum of hem.
again-shine v. intransitive to shine back, reflect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (intransitive)] > be reflected (as an image)
again-shinea1382
reluce?a1425
reflect1608
mirror1832
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. l. 8 As the aȝenshynende bowe betwene the litle cloudis of glorie.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxvii. 19 In watris aȝeen shinen [L. resplendent] the cheres of men lokende.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 56 Resulto, aȝeyn shynen.
again-sound v. intransitive to resound, re-echo.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] > reverberate or echo
aqueathOE
again-sounda1382
replya1393
answera1425
rolla1522
rebellow1590
re-echo1590
redouble1595
surrebound?1611
speaka1616
rethunder1716
reverb1796
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliv. 23 Aȝensouneth [L. resonate], ȝee hillis, preising.
b. Forming nouns.
again-behest n. a reciprocal or mutual promise.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > reciprocal
again-behestc1384
compromise1448
repromission1642
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xi. 17 He offride the oon bigetyn, the which hadde takyn repromyssiouns, or aȝenbiheestis.
again-chiding n. recrimination.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [noun]
edwitc825
onsawOE
teenOE
upbrixlec1175
lasting?c1225
upbrud?c1225
upbraidc1275
upbraidingc1275
upbraidinga1300
umbraidc1330
atwiting1340
reprocec1350
reprocingc1350
reprucec1350
again-chidinga1382
brixlinga1400
reproachc1405
edwitinga1425
rebukec1454
forwitting1481
improperation1502
outbraiding1509
exprobration1526
checking1535
impropery1542
reproaching1542
braiding1552
improbation1556
taunting1563
twitting1565
upbraying1585
reproachmentc1592
umbraiding1597
monishment1896
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxi. 5 Aȝeen chiding [L. objurgatio] and wrongis to noȝt shul bringe substaunce.
again-gift n. giving in return, repayment.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giving in return
foryieldinga1300
again-gift1340
society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > repayment
again-gift1340
repayment1421
recompense1439
refoundiment1555
paying back1598
refaction1640
refundment1665
refund1711
recouperation1865
recoup1904
balloon1972
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 120 (MED) Yefþe is yeuynge wyþoute ayen-yefþe, þet is, wy[þ]-oute onderstondinge of ayenyefþe.
again-smiting n. reaction, reverberation.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. vi. 183 Ȝif he [sc. the eye] apprehendiþ wel..withoute aȝensmytynge [L. reverberatione]..it tokeneþ good disposicioun.
5. Expressing restoration to a former state: back again.See also again-buy v., again-rising n., again-set v.
again-ask v. transitive to ask back, require.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > demand > what is due or should be returned
again-aska1382
speer1818
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxiv. 10 Whenne þou shalt aȝeyn aske of þy neiȝbor eny þyng þat he oweþ to þe.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 56 Repeto, aȝeyn aske.
again-keel v. [ < again- comb. form + keel v.1] intransitive to cool again.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xviii. 16 Whether not brennende hete the dew shal aȝeen keelen [L. refrigerabit]?
again-new v. transitive to renew.
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Titus iii. 5 He made vs saaf, by..aȝen newyng [L. renovationis] of the Hooly Gost.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 55v Rediuius, aȝeyn newed.
again-raise v. transitive to raise again.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > resurrection or revival > [verb (transitive)]
quickOE
arearc1000
raisec1175
reara1325
upraisec1340
quickena1382
again-raisec1384
araisea1400
resuscea1400
revokea1413
recovera1425
revivec1425
suscitec1430
resuscite?c1450
risea1500
relive?1526
to call againa1529
resuscitate1532
requicken1576
refetch1599
reanimate1611
reinspire1611
reinanimatea1631
recreate1631
revivify1631
redivive1634
revivificate1660
resurrection1661
resurrect1773
re-embody1791
revivicate1798
re-energize1803
resurrectionize1804
revitalize1869
reimpress1883
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John vi. 40 I schal aȝen reyse [L. resuscitabo] him in the laste day.
again-seek v. transitive to ask for, require.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cxli. 5 Ther was not that aȝeen soȝte my soule.
a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 56 Requiro, aȝeyn seche.
6. Expressing repetition: again, over again.
again-begetting n. regeneration.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > regeneration > [noun]
again-begettingc1384
regenerationa1425
renovationa1425
reparation1447
second birtha1513
new birth1529
gain-birtha1557
regeneracy1620
reawakening1662
renewal1737
rebirth1837
reawakenment1886
rebirthing1969
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Titus iii. 5 By waischynge, or baptym, of aȝen bigetyng [L. regenerationis].
again-flower v. intransitive to bloom again.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > be a flowering plant [verb (intransitive)] > flower or blossom > again
again-flowera1382
reflowerc1390
rebloom1606
reblossom1611
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms xxvii. 7 Aȝeen flourede [L. refloruit] myn flesh.
again-know v. transitive to know again, recognize.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > have knowledge, know [verb (transitive)] > know again
again-knowa1382
reknow1593
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings xxiii. 9 Þe whiche thyng whan dauyd aȝen knewȝ [L. rescisset]..he seide to Abiathar..cloþe þee þe preestis coope.
again-weigh v. transitive to reweigh.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain the weight of [verb (transitive)] > again
again-weigh1340
witherweȝe1340
re-weigh1622
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 57 (MED) Huo þet wyle conne and weȝe þe zennes of þe tonge, hit bohoueþ þet he conne weȝe and ayenweȝe þet word.
again-writing n. a further transcription, a copy.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > transcript or copy
transcriptc1290
copyc1330
exemplara1382
again-writingc1384
transumption1412
tenorc1450
examplea1475
transumpt1480
duplicate1532
exemplary1534
double1543
duplicament1574
manuscript1600
apograph1601
exscript1609
exscription1637
transcription1649
autograph1868
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. viii. 22 This aȝein wrytyng is, whiche thei aȝein wryten in brasen tablis.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. xii. 19 This is the rescrite, or aȝein wrytyng [a1425 L.V. aȝenwrityng], of the epistlis, that Onye, kyng of Sparciatis, sente.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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comb. formOE