单词 | coalition |
释义 | coalitionn.1 1. The union or combination of separate parts or elements into one mass, body, or whole; an instance of this.In early use also Biology: †the growing together of separate parts; = coalescence n. 1 (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > union, junction, or attachment coalescence?1541 insertion1578 coalition1605 suture1677 conjugation1843 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > action or fact of combining compositionc1386 combining1552 combination1604 coalition1605 systasis1605 combinement1606 integration1620 conflation1626 complexion1628 coincidence1647 integrating1654 complication1655 consolidationa1676 composure1715 join-worka1774 amalgamy1788 amalgamation1828 synthesizing1830 synthesisa1834 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > coalescence or fusion concretion1603 coalition1605 confusion?1608 coagulation1622 coalescence1652 concrement1656 fusion1776 coalescent1784 solution1820 intergrowtha1859 symphytism1871 fusing1886 1605 E. Philips Certaine Godly Serm. xxx. 438 We are flesh of his flesh,..which must not be understood of any incarnation & grosse naturall coalition and mixture of his flesh and ours. 1656 J. Trapp Comm. 1 Cor. vi. 15 Water and oil violently shaken together may seem to mingle, but..there is no coalition. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 93 The Coalition of several Corpuscles into one visible Body is enough to give them a peculiar Texture. 1703 Philos. Trans. 1702–03 (Royal Soc.) 23 1439 In order to expose to view the Coagulated Salt Particles in their first Coalition, I put the said Water impregnated on a clean Glass. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 104 The urine, running out of the wound when it happens to penetrate the pelvis of the kidney, may prove an obstacle to its coalition. 1774 Remarks on T. Henry's Improved Method Preparing Magnesia Alba 19 Formed by the coalition of the same acid of vitriol with different metals. 1834 W. Whewell in I. Todhunter William Whewell (1876) II. 182 I am puzzled to combine these..without so much coalition of vowels as will startle your readers. 1864 J. R. Lowell Fireside Trav. 7 They come within each other's sphere of attraction, and, with instantaneous coalition, form a new product. 1983 B. Cottle Names iv. 75 The coalition of an emphatic name and a clear symbol has often made for fine visual advertising, as with the name and scallop of Shell. 1991 H. Rheingold Virtual Reality iii. ix. 197 The Usenet is a coalition of subnetworks consisting of hundreds of thousands of host computers. 2. a. The union, combination, or merging of different groups, peoples, interests, etc., into one; the formation of an alliance. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > action or fact of combining > of parties, interests, etc. coalition1607 junction1783 1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. v. 7 The weaknes of the Iewes, and the coalition of the Gentiles with them. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 20 A scorned, squandered people all the earth over, being ever since incapable of any coalition or reducement into one body politick. 1699 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 473 The old East India company have agreed this day to a resolution for a coalition with the new company. 1735 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: William & Mary i. 9/2 Such was their Desire of a Comprehension and Coalition with their Protestant Brethren. 1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 181 That coalition of interests which makes the happiness of a country. 1820 C. Lamb in London Mag. Oct. 366/1 The coalition of the better Jude with Simon—clubbing (as it were) their sanctities together, to make up one poor gaudy-day between them. 1855 R. C. Trench Eng. Past & Present ii. 32 The new English nation which was gradually forming from the coalition of the two races. 1921 T. Veblen Engineers & Price Syst. v. 124 Where there has been no formal coalition of interests the business men in charge will still commonly act in collusion, with much the same result. 1965 Business Hist. Rev. 39 411 The eventual coalition and entente between the old and the new elite. 2010 R. M. Berry-James in M. F. Rice Diversity & Public Admin. (ed. 2) iv. 73 There is reason to speculate as to whether organizational conflict among racial/ethnic and gender groups is a result of coalition or competition. b. A single group or alliance formed by a number of separate groups, states, people, etc., to further a common interest or achieve a shared purpose. ΚΠ 1672 Duke of Buckingham Let. to Sir T. Osborn 14 Whether..the Proffer of a Coalition with England, would not prove more acceptable, and more advantageous to a Trading People [sc. the Dutch], than any Terms they can expect from the French. 1749 Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 220 I am sick of coalitions, royal, military or ministerial. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 104 Leading Patriots..sensible of the necessity of effecting a coalition by mutual sacrifices. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xvii. 473 The impossibility of a genuine coalition between Charles and Francis. 1939 Ann. Reg. 1938 182 To bring Poland into the anti-Soviet coalition. 1969 Guardian 23 Sept. 5/1 The London Street Commune..intends forming a ‘working coalition between greasers, skinheads, and beats’. 1991 Canberra Times 31 Jan. 1/1 The total withdrawal concept is embedded in United Nations resolutions which gave the US-led coalition authority to wage war. 2010 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Dec. 24/4 A coalition of universities to push journal publishing in this direction. c. spec. A temporary alliance of distinct political parties, esp. one which forms a government following an election where no single party has received the required number of votes; a government formed in this way. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > forming of groups of parties or powers > a grouping of parties or powers coalition1715 coalescence1764 rainbow coalition1932 1715 N. Castleton (title) An essay towards a coalition of parties in Great Britain. 1748 H. Walpole 2nd & 3rd Let. to Whigs ii. 54 How you, Gentlemen, have been so easily reconciled to these Men, as to coalize or at least submit to the Name of a Coalition with them..is another Difficulty. 1820 Examiner No. 617. 83/2 The year in which the Coalition came into power. 1872 Daily News 23 July The coalition just cemented at Baltimore seems to mark a new era in American politics, and sectionalism disappears for the first time in the history of the country. 1906 Times 24 Mar. 7/3 Already the Octobrists are discussing the advisability of a coalition with the Constitutional Democrats. 1956 Encycl. Brit. XII. 628/2 De Valera refused to enter into any coalition.., though his Fianna Fail had won 68 seats and Mulcahy's Fine Gael had only 31. 1998 World in 1998 (Economist Publ.) 90/1 Bulgaria... The coalition led by the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) will enjoy a trouble-free year to pursue reforms. 2011 Independent 9 May (Viewspaper section) 6/5 Nick Clegg..should have demanded proportional representation as the price for Liberal Democrat participation in a coalition. 3. The state or fact of being united, merged, or allied; combination, alliance; spec. the state or fact of being in a temporary alliance of distinct political parties, esp. one which forms a government (cf. sense 2c). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > forming of groups of parties or powers coalition1653 fusion1845 fusionism1851 alignment1866 1653 Let. 9 Oct. in Coll. State Papers J. Thurloe (1742) I. 516 The states of Holland have resolved once more humbly to desire a peace from you, but shall cost them no money, nor cautionary towns, nor enter into coalition, nor offensive war. 1680 R. Baxter Answer to Dr. Stillingfleet 42 Is it two sorts of Governours..which you take for the constitutive regent parts of the Church? If so, then either in Coordination and Coalition, or in Subordination. 1704 Descr. All Seats Present Wars Europe vi. 217 In Coalition with Porto, it grew into a rich City. 1810 Q. Rev. Aug. 227 Mr. Fox and his party were perfectly willing to enter into power in coalition with Mr. Pitt. 1890 J. H. McCarthy French Revol. I. iii. 35 Naples and Sardinia..withdrew from coalition with France. 1913 A. T. Mahan Major Operations of Navies in War of Amer. Independence vii. 125 The greatly superior forces which were in coalition against Great Britain. 1968 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 27 Apr. 664/3 With the Social Democrats in power, even if in uneasy coalition, this has become impossible. 2013 Economist 26 Jan. 53 Mr Cameron did not win the majority he promised—thereby forcing his party into coalition with the Liberal Democrats. 4. Zoology. A group of two or more animals of the same species which exhibits cooperative behaviour. ΚΠ 1962 S. A. Altmann in J. Buettner-Janusch Relatives of Man 431 The phenomenon of cooperative aggression places a priority on the formation of coalitions, i.e., of bonds among individuals that (mutually) reinforce each other. 1967 Behaviour 29 102 Encounters typically involved the formation of coalitions in which one monkey solicited the aid of one or two others. 1985 F. B. M. de Waal in H. A. M. Wilke Coalition Formation i. 26 The coalition strategy of our female chimpanzees is more protective and personally orientated, whereas that of the males is more ‘opportunistic’ and dominance orientated. 2000 K. Darling Lions 18 When a new coalition takes over a pride, the males kill all the cubs. 2010 D. F. Westneat & C. W. Fox Evolutionary Behavioral Ecol. 464/1 In the common eider, Somateria mollissima, females often form a coalition with other females and rear their chicks together. Compounds C1. General attributive (chiefly in senses 2b, 2c). ΚΠ 1783 Brit. Mag. & Rev. Aug. 105/2 Those who became converts and creditors to this coalition-ministry, were at first a necessitous and ignorant sect. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 93 That Coalition-system in Christianity, for the expression of which Theologians have invented or appropriated the term, Syncretism. 1850 H. Martineau Hist. Eng. during 30 Years' Peace II. iv. xii. 156 The King's desire was for a coalition Ministry. 1917 Manch. Guardian 4 Apr. 4/5 Yesterday the total poll was a little over 5,000, more than half of which was cast for the coalition candidate. 1991 Observer 20 Jan. 1/2 Two Royal Navy Lynx helicopters were ‘heavily involved’ during the coalition raid on the nine hostile oil platforms, said Commander John Tighe, Naval Operations officer at British Forces Middle East head-quarters in Riyadh. 2007 A. Bay Embrace the Suck 13 Internet communication for all coalition forces in Iraq. 2012 Independent 22 Aug. 3/1 Real life is reflected with the former Opposition now in government but forced to share office-space with their ambitious junior coalition partners. C2. coalition government n. Politics a government formed by the alliance of two or more political parties. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > a coalition government coalition government1819 National Government1931 1819 Morning Post 18 Feb. 2/4 The Coalition Government, described by Mr. Burke as a mosaic tesselated piece of most curious manufacture. 1915 Manch. Guardian 25 May 4/4 When the Coalition Government was forming the first question to be settled was..how many posts should go to each party. 1994 Origins Autumn 19/2 After heading a coalition government of Fascists and nationalists, Mussolini consolidated his hold on Italy in 1926. 2000 Los Angeles Times 2 Jan. a8 The two parties, campaigning as a team, promise a coalition government if victorious. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † coalitionn.2 Obsolete. Shared growth or development; the action or fact of nurturing or sustaining one another. ΚΠ 1644 F. Peck Kernell of Christianity 10 Coalition, or growing up with Christ. 1656 R. Vines Treat. Inst. Lords-Supper xvii. 192 Baptism is first for insition and implantation into the Body of Christ, and the Lords Table, for further coalition and growth. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Coalition, a nourishing or increasing together. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.11605n.21644 |
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