Afrikandern.adj.

Brit.

/ˌafrᵻˈkandə/, U.S.

/ˌæfrəˈkændər/

Forms: 1800s Africanda, 1800s– Africaander, 1800s– Africander, 1800s– Afrikaander, 1800s– Afrikander.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch Afrikaander.

Etymology: < South African Dutch Afrikaander, noun and adjective (Afrikaans Afrikaner Afrikaner n.) < Afrikaan (noun) African (see African n. and adj.) + -der (in Hollander Dutchman: see Hollander n.). Compare earlier Afrikaner n. and later Afrikaner adj.In sense A. 4, which is not paralleled either in Afrikaans or among the senses of the noun in South African Dutch, probably after South African Dutch Afrikaander taal, lit. ‘the language of the Afrikaners’ (although this is apparently first attested slightly later: 1897 or earlier), where Afrikaander is the adjective used attributively. It is unclear whether Africandes in the following is intended as a form of Africander and thus shows an earlier example of sense A. 1b:?1820 J. Prior Narr. Voy. Indian Seas 11 The evening after our arrival a play was announced by native, or (as in conversation they often term themselves) Africandes, amateurs.

A. n.

a. = Afrikaner n. 2. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner

Hollander1699

Afrikaner1820

Afrikander1822

Cape Dutch1826

trek Boer1835

Low Dutch1900

trek-farmer1912

Boer1956

boertjie1956

1822 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. 21 All those who are born in the colony speak that language [sc. Dutch], and call themselves Africaanders, whether of Dutch, German, or French origin.

1834 Makanna II. 41 However rugged on the outside, the voorkamer of an Africander's has that within which may attract.

1884 Q. Rev. July 150 The Africanders would hoist their own flag.

1937 C. R. Prance Tante Rebella's Saga 47 A rascally Irish ‘rooinek’ whose real name had been Pat Murphy till he changed it to Piet van der Merwe when he turned Afrikander to fight against Cromwell's England in Paul Kruger's ‘Freedom War’.

1990 R. Stengel January Sun 33 By the late eighteenth century, the Cape community had formed its own distinctive identity. The people were known as Boers—farmers—and they called themselves Afrikanders, later Afrikaners, the people of Africa.

b. A person of mixed ethnic origin, born in and inhabiting the Cape region of South Africa. Cf. Cape Coloured adj. and n. at cape n.³ Compounds 1b, Cape Malay at Malay n. 1b. Now historical and rare.

ΚΠ

1823 W. W. Bird State of Cape of Good Hope in 1822 73 Slaves at the Cape may be divided into three classes: the Negro, the Malay, and the Africander... The last and most valuable class of slaves is the African-born slave,—the produce of an European, or of a Cape Dutchman, and of a slave girl.

1861 L. Duff-Gordon Lett. from Cape (1925) 24 My landlady is Dutch; the waiter is an Afrikander, half Dutch, half Malay, very handsome, and exactly like a French gentleman, and as civil.

1917 S. T. Plaatje Native Life 279 The Natives and the Cape coloured Afrikanders were not alone in tendering loyal offers of service to the Government.

1939 J. S. Marais Cape Coloured People v. 163 The majority of the slaves were ‘Afrikaanders’, that is to say Colonial-born.

†c. A person born in South Africa of European descent; a white inhabitant of South Africa. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1834 Cape of Good Hope Lit. Gaz. 4 103 The number of matches that have taken place between the fair Africanders (the general term for natives of European descent..) and ‘Indians’, proves that their attractions are appreciated.

1866 J. Leyland Adventures 9 The Africandas are the descendants of English and other settlers.

1897 F. R. Statham S. Afr. as it Is 139 In the adoption of the expression ‘Afrikander’ a somewhat bold departure was made... The word..has come to signify, all those Europeans, no matter what their original nationality or birthplace, who regard South Africa as their home.

1899 W. J. Knox-Little Sketches & Stud. S. Afr. i. iv. 92 The Dutch Afrikander is wanting in this quality. The English Afrikander too suffers.

1900 A. H. Keane Boer States viii. 161 Any African-born white person, whether of Dutch, English, or German origin, is an Afrikander in the social, if not in the political, sense of the term.

1912 Jrnl. 31 Oct. 4 If a Dutch Afrikander spoke so, it would be decried as treacherous, but it comes safely from an English born Afrikander.

d. Any South African. rare.

ΚΠ

1957 R. Campbell Portugal 104 The word Afrikander is often applied by Englishmen to the human inhabitants of South Africa, who are Afrikaners without the ‘d’.

2. A breed of beef cattle of Sanga type developed in South Africa, deep red in colour and with long spreading horns; an animal of this breed; = Afrikaner n. 3. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > of Africa

Sanga1814

Afrikander1837

Afrikaner1918

Boran1935

N'Dama1938

1837 ‘N. Polson’ Subaltern's Sick Leave 152 Cattle, both Afrikaander and vader-land or crossed, thrive generally over the whole Colony.

1868 J. Chapman Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. viii. 174 Rather higher than an Africander ox, with immense horns.

1874 F. Oates Jrnl. 6 Sept. in C. G. Oates Matabele Land (1881) iii. 48 Lee has just sold twelve red oxen—Africanders, with white faces.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 153/1 The Afrikander cattle, powerful draught animals, large homed, bony and giving little milk, are being crossed with other stock.

1981 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 23 Mar. 13 It took years of experimenting with the Afrikanders, Herefords and Shorthorns before he was satisfied.

1996 P. Godwin Mukiwa (1997) vii. 123 The best cattle..were the Afrikanders, a local breed that was very hardy and resistant to disease.

2004 L. Desoto Blade of Grass xxx. 172 Märit marvels at the docility of the cattle, for they are the big Afrikander breed, with long horns.

3. More fully Africander lily. = Afrikaner n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > iris and related flowers > gladioli or freesia

gladiolec1420

corn-flag1578

corn-sedge1597

lily-grass1597

sword-grass1598

petty gladdon1601

sword-lily1786

Afrikaner1801

freesia1879

kalkoentjie1906

painted lady1906

Afrikander1913

glad1923

1861 Life at Cape (1963) 36 The pungent odour of the bulbs and Africander lilies peeping out under their skirts.

1913 H. Tucker Our Beautiful Penins. 70 It becomes garden-gay with..the pale blue and delicate rose of afrikanders and pypjes.

1959 Cape Argus 15 Aug. 8/8 The blue afrikander (gladiolus recurvus..) is scenting the sandveld.

2000 G. Rattray Country Garden 56 Brown afrikanders (Gladiolus maculatus), their rusty trumpets held high on thin wiry stems hold within their petals the promise of their glorious evening perfume.

4. = Afrikaans n. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Dutch > Afrikaans

Dutch1731

Cape Dutch1826

South African Dutch1871

kitchen Dutch1880

Afrikaans1885

Afrikander1886

taal1896

1886 G. A. Farini Through Kalahari Desert xxvi. 434 A little nigger..said in Afrikander, ‘That is Mr. Scott's..house.’

1902 G. M. G. Hunt (title) A handy vocabulary, English-Afrikander, Afrikander-English.

1931 National Geographic Mag. Apr. 412 Umtata's bunga,..under whose dome ‘Jim Fish’ (which is Afrikander for Jim Crow) sits among his gaily blanketed yellow councillors, debating territorial questions.

B. adj.

= Afrikaner adj. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [adjective] > Afrikaner

Dutch1731

Afrikander1822

Afrikaans1914

Afrikaner1930

1822 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. 274 Their industry..excited..some jealousy and unkindness in the behaviour of their Africaander neighbours towards them.

1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 29 We were..obliged to conform in every respect to the usual slow, tortoise-like ‘Africander’ movements of treking.

1882 C. L. Norris-Newman With Boers in Transvaal 2 Before..the close of the last century the different languages and dialects had become less used and spoken, and a kind of Dutch patois, now termed Afrikander Dutch, was and is now in the O. F. State and Transvaal.., spoken by the inhabitants.

1884 Q. Rev. July 150 An Africander republic.

1905 A. Milner Let. 14 Apr. in C. Headlam Milner Papers (1933) II. 552 A separate Afrikander nation and State, comprising, no doubt, men of other races, who are ready to be ‘afrikanderized’.

1934 A. Arber Gramineae ii. 33 The Portuguese word ‘Milho’,..has been corrupted in Afrikander-Dutch to ‘Mielie’.

1994 A. Gurnah Paradise (1995) 103 Let me tell you something about those Afrikander bastards, though. They're crazy.

Derivatives

Afriˈkanderdom n. now rare = Afrikanerdom n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > Afrikaner

Afrikanderism1884

Afrikanderdom1893

Afrikanerism1897

Afrikanerdom1900

pan-Africanderdom1900

1893 Standard 21 Apr. 6/2 The sympathy of Africanderdom.

1899 Daily News 16 Nov. 4/5 If South Africa was to be saved to the Empire, it would be by Afrikanderdom, and not by Downing-streetism.

c1985 F. G. Butler in Eng. Acad. Rev. 3 167 It is possible that there is a profound change taking place within Afrikanderdom itself.

Afriˈkanderism n. now rare = Afrikanerism n. (in either sense).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > Afrikaner

Afrikanderism1884

Afrikanderdom1893

Afrikanerism1897

Afrikanerdom1900

pan-Africanderdom1900

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Dutch > Afrikaans > idiom of

Afrikanderism1909

Afrikanerism1959

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Oct. 2/2 Shall we throw in our lot with Afrikanderism, abjuring our nationality for evermore?

1909 State Dec. 701 If an English boy learns Dutch he is apt to acquire what are popularly called Dutchisms or Africanderisms.

1936 Cambr. Hist. Brit. Empire VIII. 509 The hope of young Afrikanderism to see the Vierkleur ‘waving from Table Bay to the Zambesi’ was publicly expressed.

1975 Bks. Abroad 49 598/2 The flat South African speech is accordingly studded with Afrikanderisms.

Afriˈkanderize v. now historical transitive. = Afrikanerize v.; also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [verb (transitive)] > Afrikaner

Afrikanderize1900

Afrikanerize1945

1900 J. Scoble & H. R. Abercrombie Rise & Fall Krugerism ix. 119 Better to throw them a bone, to Africanderize them and make them part of the fighting machine which was to dominate Africa.

1905 A. Milner Let. 14 Apr. in C. Headlam Milner Papers (1933) II. 552 A separate Afrikander nation and State, comprising, no doubt, men of other races, who are ready to be ‘afrikanderized’.

1929 S. H. Olivier White Capital & Coloured Labour (ed. 2) 155 The policy of Africanderising Kenya.

1961 J. S. Marais Fall Kruger's Republic xiii. 331 The Uitlanders might ‘afrikanderize’, i.e. become supporters of republican independence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	afrikander
释义	Afrikandern.adj. Brit. /ˌafrᵻˈkandə/, U.S. /ˌæfrəˈkændər/ Forms: 1800s Africanda, 1800s– Africaander, 1800s– Africander, 1800s– Afrikaander, 1800s– Afrikander. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch Afrikaander. Etymology: < South African Dutch Afrikaander, noun and adjective (Afrikaans Afrikaner Afrikaner n.) < Afrikaan (noun) African (see African n. and adj.) + -der (in Hollander Dutchman: see Hollander n.). Compare earlier Afrikaner n. and later Afrikaner adj.In sense A. 4, which is not paralleled either in Afrikaans or among the senses of the noun in South African Dutch, probably after South African Dutch Afrikaander taal, lit. ‘the language of the Afrikaners’ (although this is apparently first attested slightly later: 1897 or earlier), where Afrikaander is the adjective used attributively. It is unclear whether Africandes in the following is intended as a form of Africander and thus shows an earlier example of sense A. 1b:?1820 J. Prior Narr. Voy. Indian Seas 11 The evening after our arrival a play was announced by native, or (as in conversation they often term themselves) Africandes, amateurs. A. n. 1. a. = Afrikaner n. 2. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner Hollander1699 Afrikaner1820 Afrikander1822 Cape Dutch1826 trek Boer1835 Low Dutch1900 trek-farmer1912 Boer1956 boertjie1956 1822 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. 21 All those who are born in the colony speak that language [sc. Dutch], and call themselves Africaanders, whether of Dutch, German, or French origin. 1834 Makanna II. 41 However rugged on the outside, the voorkamer of an Africander's has that within which may attract. 1884 Q. Rev. July 150 The Africanders would hoist their own flag. 1937 C. R. Prance Tante Rebella's Saga 47 A rascally Irish ‘rooinek’ whose real name had been Pat Murphy till he changed it to Piet van der Merwe when he turned Afrikander to fight against Cromwell's England in Paul Kruger's ‘Freedom War’. 1990 R. Stengel January Sun 33 By the late eighteenth century, the Cape community had formed its own distinctive identity. The people were known as Boers—farmers—and they called themselves Afrikanders, later Afrikaners, the people of Africa. b. A person of mixed ethnic origin, born in and inhabiting the Cape region of South Africa. Cf. Cape Coloured adj. and n. at cape n.³ Compounds 1b, Cape Malay at Malay n. 1b. Now historical and rare. ΚΠ 1823 W. W. Bird State of Cape of Good Hope in 1822 73 Slaves at the Cape may be divided into three classes: the Negro, the Malay, and the Africander... The last and most valuable class of slaves is the African-born slave,—the produce of an European, or of a Cape Dutchman, and of a slave girl. 1861 L. Duff-Gordon Lett. from Cape (1925) 24 My landlady is Dutch; the waiter is an Afrikander, half Dutch, half Malay, very handsome, and exactly like a French gentleman, and as civil. 1917 S. T. Plaatje Native Life 279 The Natives and the Cape coloured Afrikanders were not alone in tendering loyal offers of service to the Government. 1939 J. S. Marais Cape Coloured People v. 163 The majority of the slaves were ‘Afrikaanders’, that is to say Colonial-born. †c. A person born in South Africa of European descent; a white inhabitant of South Africa. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1834 Cape of Good Hope Lit. Gaz. 4 103 The number of matches that have taken place between the fair Africanders (the general term for natives of European descent..) and ‘Indians’, proves that their attractions are appreciated. 1866 J. Leyland Adventures 9 The Africandas are the descendants of English and other settlers. 1897 F. R. Statham S. Afr. as it Is 139 In the adoption of the expression ‘Afrikander’ a somewhat bold departure was made... The word..has come to signify, all those Europeans, no matter what their original nationality or birthplace, who regard South Africa as their home. 1899 W. J. Knox-Little Sketches & Stud. S. Afr. i. iv. 92 The Dutch Afrikander is wanting in this quality. The English Afrikander too suffers. 1900 A. H. Keane Boer States viii. 161 Any African-born white person, whether of Dutch, English, or German origin, is an Afrikander in the social, if not in the political, sense of the term. 1912 Jrnl. 31 Oct. 4 If a Dutch Afrikander spoke so, it would be decried as treacherous, but it comes safely from an English born Afrikander. d. Any South African. rare. ΚΠ 1957 R. Campbell Portugal 104 The word Afrikander is often applied by Englishmen to the human inhabitants of South Africa, who are Afrikaners without the ‘d’. 2. A breed of beef cattle of Sanga type developed in South Africa, deep red in colour and with long spreading horns; an animal of this breed; = Afrikaner n. 3. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > of Africa Sanga1814 Afrikander1837 Afrikaner1918 Boran1935 N'Dama1938 1837 ‘N. Polson’ Subaltern's Sick Leave 152 Cattle, both Afrikaander and vader-land or crossed, thrive generally over the whole Colony. 1868 J. Chapman Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. viii. 174 Rather higher than an Africander ox, with immense horns. 1874 F. Oates Jrnl. 6 Sept. in C. G. Oates Matabele Land (1881) iii. 48 Lee has just sold twelve red oxen—Africanders, with white faces. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 153/1 The Afrikander cattle, powerful draught animals, large homed, bony and giving little milk, are being crossed with other stock. 1981 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 23 Mar. 13 It took years of experimenting with the Afrikanders, Herefords and Shorthorns before he was satisfied. 1996 P. Godwin Mukiwa (1997) vii. 123 The best cattle..were the Afrikanders, a local breed that was very hardy and resistant to disease. 2004 L. Desoto Blade of Grass xxx. 172 Märit marvels at the docility of the cattle, for they are the big Afrikander breed, with long horns. 3. More fully Africander lily. = Afrikaner n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > iris and related flowers > gladioli or freesia gladiolec1420 corn-flag1578 corn-sedge1597 lily-grass1597 sword-grass1598 petty gladdon1601 sword-lily1786 Afrikaner1801 freesia1879 kalkoentjie1906 painted lady1906 Afrikander1913 glad1923 1861 Life at Cape (1963) 36 The pungent odour of the bulbs and Africander lilies peeping out under their skirts. 1913 H. Tucker Our Beautiful Penins. 70 It becomes garden-gay with..the pale blue and delicate rose of afrikanders and pypjes. 1959 Cape Argus 15 Aug. 8/8 The blue afrikander (gladiolus recurvus..) is scenting the sandveld. 2000 G. Rattray Country Garden 56 Brown afrikanders (Gladiolus maculatus), their rusty trumpets held high on thin wiry stems hold within their petals the promise of their glorious evening perfume. 4. = Afrikaans n. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Dutch > Afrikaans Dutch1731 Cape Dutch1826 South African Dutch1871 kitchen Dutch1880 Afrikaans1885 Afrikander1886 taal1896 1886 G. A. Farini Through Kalahari Desert xxvi. 434 A little nigger..said in Afrikander, ‘That is Mr. Scott's..house.’ 1902 G. M. G. Hunt (title) A handy vocabulary, English-Afrikander, Afrikander-English. 1931 National Geographic Mag. Apr. 412 Umtata's bunga,..under whose dome ‘Jim Fish’ (which is Afrikander for Jim Crow) sits among his gaily blanketed yellow councillors, debating territorial questions. B. adj. = Afrikaner adj. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [adjective] > Afrikaner Dutch1731 Afrikander1822 Afrikaans1914 Afrikaner1930 1822 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. 274 Their industry..excited..some jealousy and unkindness in the behaviour of their Africaander neighbours towards them. 1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 29 We were..obliged to conform in every respect to the usual slow, tortoise-like ‘Africander’ movements of treking. 1882 C. L. Norris-Newman With Boers in Transvaal 2 Before..the close of the last century the different languages and dialects had become less used and spoken, and a kind of Dutch patois, now termed Afrikander Dutch, was and is now in the O. F. State and Transvaal.., spoken by the inhabitants. 1884 Q. Rev. July 150 An Africander republic. 1905 A. Milner Let. 14 Apr. in C. Headlam Milner Papers (1933) II. 552 A separate Afrikander nation and State, comprising, no doubt, men of other races, who are ready to be ‘afrikanderized’. 1934 A. Arber Gramineae ii. 33 The Portuguese word ‘Milho’,..has been corrupted in Afrikander-Dutch to ‘Mielie’. 1994 A. Gurnah Paradise (1995) 103 Let me tell you something about those Afrikander bastards, though. They're crazy. Derivatives Afriˈkanderdom n. now rare = Afrikanerdom n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > Afrikaner Afrikanderism1884 Afrikanderdom1893 Afrikanerism1897 Afrikanerdom1900 pan-Africanderdom1900 1893 Standard 21 Apr. 6/2 The sympathy of Africanderdom. 1899 Daily News 16 Nov. 4/5 If South Africa was to be saved to the Empire, it would be by Afrikanderdom, and not by Downing-streetism. c1985 F. G. Butler in Eng. Acad. Rev. 3 167 It is possible that there is a profound change taking place within Afrikanderdom itself. Afriˈkanderism n. now rare = Afrikanerism n. (in either sense). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > Afrikaner Afrikanderism1884 Afrikanderdom1893 Afrikanerism1897 Afrikanerdom1900 pan-Africanderdom1900 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Dutch > Afrikaans > idiom of Afrikanderism1909 Afrikanerism1959 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Oct. 2/2 Shall we throw in our lot with Afrikanderism, abjuring our nationality for evermore? 1909 State Dec. 701 If an English boy learns Dutch he is apt to acquire what are popularly called Dutchisms or Africanderisms. 1936 Cambr. Hist. Brit. Empire VIII. 509 The hope of young Afrikanderism to see the Vierkleur ‘waving from Table Bay to the Zambesi’ was publicly expressed. 1975 Bks. Abroad 49 598/2 The flat South African speech is accordingly studded with Afrikanderisms. Afriˈkanderize v. now historical transitive. = Afrikanerize v.; also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [verb (transitive)] > Afrikaner Afrikanderize1900 Afrikanerize1945 1900 J. Scoble & H. R. Abercrombie Rise & Fall Krugerism ix. 119 Better to throw them a bone, to Africanderize them and make them part of the fighting machine which was to dominate Africa. 1905 A. Milner Let. 14 Apr. in C. Headlam Milner Papers (1933) II. 552 A separate Afrikander nation and State, comprising, no doubt, men of other races, who are ready to be ‘afrikanderized’. 1929 S. H. Olivier White Capital & Coloured Labour (ed. 2) 155 The policy of Africanderising Kenya. 1961 J. S. Marais Fall Kruger's Republic xiii. 331 The Uitlanders might ‘afrikanderize’, i.e. become supporters of republican independence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1822
随便看	resin canal resin duct resin flux resin gas resin gnat resin grass resin gum resin lac resin midge renegates renegation renegations renege reneged reneger renegers reneges reneging renegotiable renegotiate renegotiated renegotiates renegotiating renegotiation renegotiations