clientelismn.

Brit.

/ˌklʌɪənˈtɛlɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌkliːənˈtɛlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˌklaɪənˈtɛˌlɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: clientele n., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < clientele n. + -ism suffix. Compare Italian clientelismo (1963), French clientélisme (1972), Spanish clientelismo (1980 or earlier). Compare earlier clientism n.

A social, political, or administrative system which depends upon relationships of patronage, favouritism, and reciprocal exchange; a political culture which emphasizes or exploits such relationships; the practice of such relations. Cf. clientism n. 1a.

ΚΠ

1912 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 408 The result is a clientelism that is stultifying both to servant and service.

1961 O. Key Public Opinion & Amer. Democracy 93 A bloc of opinion that is fed to an administrative agency characterized by a spirit of clientelism may trigger a decision formed in an entirely different constellation of standards and influences.

1984 Listener 23 Feb. 11/2 Bagehot thought that the ‘age of discussion’..was vulnerable to the return of a sort of feudalism, or to the clientelism of Napoleon III's regime in France.

2010 Independent 19 Jan. 30/3 For all the West's reservations about the petty bribery, nepotism, clannishness and clientelism of the Karzai regime, it has not much option but to..support it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	clientelism
释义	clientelismn. Brit. /ˌklʌɪənˈtɛlɪz(ə)m/, /ˌkliːənˈtɛlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˌklaɪənˈtɛˌlɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: clientele n., -ism suffix. Etymology: < clientele n. + -ism suffix. Compare Italian clientelismo (1963), French clientélisme (1972), Spanish clientelismo (1980 or earlier). Compare earlier clientism n. A social, political, or administrative system which depends upon relationships of patronage, favouritism, and reciprocal exchange; a political culture which emphasizes or exploits such relationships; the practice of such relations. Cf. clientism n. 1a. ΚΠ 1912 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 408 The result is a clientelism that is stultifying both to servant and service. 1961 O. Key Public Opinion & Amer. Democracy 93 A bloc of opinion that is fed to an administrative agency characterized by a spirit of clientelism may trigger a decision formed in an entirely different constellation of standards and influences. 1984 Listener 23 Feb. 11/2 Bagehot thought that the ‘age of discussion’..was vulnerable to the return of a sort of feudalism, or to the clientelism of Napoleon III's regime in France. 2010 Independent 19 Jan. 30/3 For all the West's reservations about the petty bribery, nepotism, clannishness and clientelism of the Karzai regime, it has not much option but to..support it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1912
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