clientelen.

Brit.

/ˌkliːɒnˈtɛl/,

/ˌkliːənˈtɛl/,

/ˌkliːɑːnˈtɛl/, U.S.

/ˌklaɪənˈtɛl/,

/ˌkliənˈtɛl/

Forms: 1500s– clientele, 1600s clyentele, 1600s– clientel, 1800s– clientèle, 1800s– clientelle.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French clientele, clientèle; Latin clientēla.

Etymology: Originally (in sense 1) < (i) Middle French clientele (French clientèle ) state of being a client (1474 with reference to being the client of a lawyer, 1488 in the context of ancient Roman history), clients collectively (1516) and its etymon (ii) classical Latin clientēla relationship, status or position of a client, clientship, body of clients, protection, guardianship < client- , cliēns client n. + -ēla , suffix forming nouns. In later use (in sense 2) reborrowed < French clientèle in its specific sense development ‘customers of a shop, restaurant, or other establishment collectively’ (1832). Compare Spanish clientela (1589), Italian clientela (a1540).Most pronunciations of this noun reflect its status as a loan from French; the pronunciation with /aɪ/ in the first syllable is after client n. N.E.D. (1889) gives the pronunciation as (kləiĕntī·l, -te·l) /klaɪənˈtiːl/, /klaɪənˈtɛl/.

a. An entire group or body of dependants or clients (client n. 1). Now chiefly historical.Formerly also in plural in same sense (obsolete rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > dependant > body of

clientele1570

cliental1581

clientry1594

dependence1606

dependency1615

clientage1633

pensionry1641

clientelage1843

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iv. 352/1 So should be placed mo of the popes clientele in the churches of Fraunce, than of the proper inhabitance of the land.

1629 W. Crosse tr. Sallust Hist. Fragm. & Orations in tr. Sallust Wks. 678 To them the vertue of their ancestours left an acquired glory, dignity, and clientels.

1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. vi. 454 Those of the Roman clientele are not more carefull.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Clientels, persons under Protection or Vassallage.

1832 Courier 17 Nov. In this clientele consists the danger for the present administration.

1863 R. S. Tharin Arbitrary Arrests in South 19 The despotic will of a few cotton-planters, and their worse than Helvetic clienteles.

1904 S. Dill Rom. Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius i. ii. 94 In the train..were..senators and men of consular rank who had a clientele of their own.

1929 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 23 141 The Chamber broken into a kaleidoscopic picture of..semi-feudal clientèles.

1987 A. Goldhammer tr. P. Veyne Rom. Empire 103 There are two kinds of clientele: in one the client needs a patron; in the other the patron courts clients for the sake of his glory.

2011 E. L. Wheeler in P. Erakamp Compan. Rom. Army xiv. 235 Osrhoene often belonged to the Roman clientele.

b. The status or position of a dependant or client (client n. 1); clientship. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > person similar to feudal vassal > in ancient Rome > position or relation of

clientry1594

clientele1611

clientship1649

clientelage1660

clientage1777

1611 B. Jonson Catiline iii. sig. H Vargunteius..vnder the pretext of clientele And visitation, with the morning Hayle, Will be admitted.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 126 Redeemed from the Clientele and Vassallage of the Nobility.

1701 T. Brett Acct. Church-govt. xv. 197 Tho' some will pretend to derive it [sc. feudal tenure] from the old Clientele amongst them, but 'tis certainly very different from it.

1875 N. Amer. Rev. 120 456 From the very exaggeration of the aristocratic regime..there rose an institution, the clientel.

1998 C. Wickham Community & Clientele 12th-Cent. Tuscany ii. 32 Donnuccio's collaborator..witnessed for Moro and Lamberto, and Lamberto witnessed for him: a set of links that indicates a relationship of collaboration, rather than of clientele.

†c. Protection of dependants or clients (client n. 1); patronage. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > [noun]

avowry1330

lordshipc1405

goodlordship1418

good mastership1428

good masterhood1445

patrocinyc1475

patronage1553

patrocine1590

Maecenatism1606

auspice1611

clientele1611

patrocination1640

favour1692

Maecenasship1816

shefstvo1937

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > protection or patronage

avowry1330

governail1395

protectorship1576

patronage1590

clientele1611

protection1809

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Rr It..enioyeth great peace vnder their sacred clientele and protection.

a1662 P. Heylyn Aerius Redivivus (1670) 96 Under the Clientele or Patronage of some juster Governor.

1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Clientele, a taking of Clients into protection.

1792 W. Smith Patriot No. 2. 9 They have the patronage of wealth, and clientele of poverty.

1893 Year Bk. Central Conf. Amer. Rabbis 1892–3 15 The hospes who sat under the clientele of him in whose tent he sought shelter.

a. The customers of a shop, bar, restaurant, or similar establishment, considered collectively.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] > customer or client > collectively

custom1665

clientele1835

clientship1855

customer base1954

client base1957

1835 True Sun 19 June The united attacks of heat and ‘laughter holding both his sides’, would have proved too much even for her fun-admiring clientelle.

1880 Atlantic Mag. Sept. 306 The clientèle of Snelling's bar-room.

1937 Amer. Speech 12 315/2 His store..makes little attempt to attract a high-income clientele.

1976 Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. e1/5 The Broiler..caters to a younger, college-age clientele.

1996 Time Out 17 Jan. 39/4 The shop has a faithful clientèle..and produces its own hair serum and water-soluble wax.

2013 Time Out N.Y. 31 Jan. 20/2 Moises elevates the blue-collar meal to an elegant dish becoming of the clientele.

b. The customers of a person or organization offering professional services, considered collectively.

ΚΠ

1839 Era 5 May 378/4 Sir James Clark is already tired of Court business. His clientelle has become too numerous for his health.

1843 Fraser's Mag. Jan. 104/2 He might have remained an advocate and deputy, with one of the largest clientelles in Paris.

1882 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 1 50 The..high esteem in which he is held by his extensive clientele.

1912 E. Q. Keasbey Courts & Lawyers New Jersey 1661–1912 75 He has for many years guarded the interests of a large and important clientele, and making a specialty of corporation law has long served as counsel.

1941 Washington Post 30 Mar. 1/4 Dr. Barnard claimed his normal fee is $500 a day when he is obliged to be away from his lucrative clientele which includes many famous Hollywood stars.

1980 Economist (Nexis) 23 Feb. 51 Preference is given to established businessmen who already have a clientele and who do not depend on passing trade.

2007 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) 4 Mar. 13/4 In the past four years, the number of patients he saw who wanted post-baby surgery had risen to 35 per cent of his clientele.

Derivatives

clienˈteled adj. rare (with modifying adverb) having or supplied with a clientele of a specified size or type.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [adjective] > having clients

cliented1602

clienteledc1613

c1613 Minute Acct. People of Anglesea (1860) 49 These that glory to see them selves well clienteled, and are the best Jury mungers.

2002 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Electronic ed.) 15 Aug. The downscale, smoke-filled, eclectically clienteled Snake and Jake's Christmas Lounge.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	clientele
释义	clientelen. Brit. /ˌkliːɒnˈtɛl/, /ˌkliːənˈtɛl/, /ˌkliːɑːnˈtɛl/, U.S. /ˌklaɪənˈtɛl/, /ˌkliənˈtɛl/ Forms: 1500s– clientele, 1600s clyentele, 1600s– clientel, 1800s– clientèle, 1800s– clientelle. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French clientele, clientèle; Latin clientēla. Etymology: Originally (in sense 1) < (i) Middle French clientele (French clientèle ) state of being a client (1474 with reference to being the client of a lawyer, 1488 in the context of ancient Roman history), clients collectively (1516) and its etymon (ii) classical Latin clientēla relationship, status or position of a client, clientship, body of clients, protection, guardianship < client- , cliēns client n. + -ēla , suffix forming nouns. In later use (in sense 2) reborrowed < French clientèle in its specific sense development ‘customers of a shop, restaurant, or other establishment collectively’ (1832). Compare Spanish clientela (1589), Italian clientela (a1540).Most pronunciations of this noun reflect its status as a loan from French; the pronunciation with /aɪ/ in the first syllable is after client n. N.E.D. (1889) gives the pronunciation as (kləiĕntī·l, -te·l) /klaɪənˈtiːl/, /klaɪənˈtɛl/. 1. a. An entire group or body of dependants or clients (client n. 1). Now chiefly historical.Formerly also in plural in same sense (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > dependant > body of clientele1570 cliental1581 clientry1594 dependence1606 dependency1615 clientage1633 pensionry1641 clientelage1843 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iv. 352/1 So should be placed mo of the popes clientele in the churches of Fraunce, than of the proper inhabitance of the land. 1629 W. Crosse tr. Sallust Hist. Fragm. & Orations in tr. Sallust Wks. 678 To them the vertue of their ancestours left an acquired glory, dignity, and clientels. 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. vi. 454 Those of the Roman clientele are not more carefull. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Clientels, persons under Protection or Vassallage. 1832 Courier 17 Nov. In this clientele consists the danger for the present administration. 1863 R. S. Tharin Arbitrary Arrests in South 19 The despotic will of a few cotton-planters, and their worse than Helvetic clienteles. 1904 S. Dill Rom. Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius i. ii. 94 In the train..were..senators and men of consular rank who had a clientele of their own. 1929 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 23 141 The Chamber broken into a kaleidoscopic picture of..semi-feudal clientèles. 1987 A. Goldhammer tr. P. Veyne Rom. Empire 103 There are two kinds of clientele: in one the client needs a patron; in the other the patron courts clients for the sake of his glory. 2011 E. L. Wheeler in P. Erakamp Compan. Rom. Army xiv. 235 Osrhoene often belonged to the Roman clientele. b. The status or position of a dependant or client (client n. 1); clientship. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun] > person similar to feudal vassal > in ancient Rome > position or relation of clientry1594 clientele1611 clientship1649 clientelage1660 clientage1777 1611 B. Jonson Catiline iii. sig. H Vargunteius..vnder the pretext of clientele And visitation, with the morning Hayle, Will be admitted. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 126 Redeemed from the Clientele and Vassallage of the Nobility. 1701 T. Brett Acct. Church-govt. xv. 197 Tho' some will pretend to derive it [sc. feudal tenure] from the old Clientele amongst them, but 'tis certainly very different from it. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. 120 456 From the very exaggeration of the aristocratic regime..there rose an institution, the clientel. 1998 C. Wickham Community & Clientele 12th-Cent. Tuscany ii. 32 Donnuccio's collaborator..witnessed for Moro and Lamberto, and Lamberto witnessed for him: a set of links that indicates a relationship of collaboration, rather than of clientele. †c. Protection of dependants or clients (client n. 1); patronage. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > patronage > [noun] avowry1330 lordshipc1405 goodlordship1418 good mastership1428 good masterhood1445 patrocinyc1475 patronage1553 patrocine1590 Maecenatism1606 auspice1611 clientele1611 patrocination1640 favour1692 Maecenasship1816 shefstvo1937 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > protection or patronage avowry1330 governail1395 protectorship1576 patronage1590 clientele1611 protection1809 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Rr It..enioyeth great peace vnder their sacred clientele and protection. a1662 P. Heylyn Aerius Redivivus (1670) 96 Under the Clientele or Patronage of some juster Governor. 1676 E. Coles Eng. Dict. Clientele, a taking of Clients into protection. 1792 W. Smith Patriot No. 2. 9 They have the patronage of wealth, and clientele of poverty. 1893 Year Bk. Central Conf. Amer. Rabbis 1892–3 15 The hospes who sat under the clientele of him in whose tent he sought shelter. 2. a. The customers of a shop, bar, restaurant, or similar establishment, considered collectively. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] > customer or client > collectively custom1665 clientele1835 clientship1855 customer base1954 client base1957 1835 True Sun 19 June The united attacks of heat and ‘laughter holding both his sides’, would have proved too much even for her fun-admiring clientelle. 1880 Atlantic Mag. Sept. 306 The clientèle of Snelling's bar-room. 1937 Amer. Speech 12 315/2 His store..makes little attempt to attract a high-income clientele. 1976 Honolulu Star-Bull. 21 Dec. e1/5 The Broiler..caters to a younger, college-age clientele. 1996 Time Out 17 Jan. 39/4 The shop has a faithful clientèle..and produces its own hair serum and water-soluble wax. 2013 Time Out N.Y. 31 Jan. 20/2 Moises elevates the blue-collar meal to an elegant dish becoming of the clientele. b. The customers of a person or organization offering professional services, considered collectively. ΚΠ 1839 Era 5 May 378/4 Sir James Clark is already tired of Court business. His clientelle has become too numerous for his health. 1843 Fraser's Mag. Jan. 104/2 He might have remained an advocate and deputy, with one of the largest clientelles in Paris. 1882 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 1 50 The..high esteem in which he is held by his extensive clientele. 1912 E. Q. Keasbey Courts & Lawyers New Jersey 1661–1912 75 He has for many years guarded the interests of a large and important clientele, and making a specialty of corporation law has long served as counsel. 1941 Washington Post 30 Mar. 1/4 Dr. Barnard claimed his normal fee is $500 a day when he is obliged to be away from his lucrative clientele which includes many famous Hollywood stars. 1980 Economist (Nexis) 23 Feb. 51 Preference is given to established businessmen who already have a clientele and who do not depend on passing trade. 2007 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) 4 Mar. 13/4 In the past four years, the number of patients he saw who wanted post-baby surgery had risen to 35 per cent of his clientele. Derivatives clienˈteled adj. rare (with modifying adverb) having or supplied with a clientele of a specified size or type. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [adjective] > having clients cliented1602 clienteledc1613 c1613 Minute Acct. People of Anglesea (1860) 49 These that glory to see them selves well clienteled, and are the best Jury mungers. 2002 Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) (Electronic ed.) 15 Aug. The downscale, smoke-filled, eclectically clienteled Snake and Jake's Christmas Lounge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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