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单词 aeolian
释义

Aeoliann.adj.

Brit. /ɪˈəʊlɪən/, /eɪˈəʊlɪən/, U.S. /iˈoʊljən/, /eɪˈoʊljən/, /iˈoʊliən/, /eɪˈoʊliən/
Forms: 1500s Aeölian, 1500s Eolien, 1500s– Aeolian, 1600s– Eolian. Also with lower-case initial.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Aeolius , -an suffix.
Etymology: < classical Latin Aeolius of or connected with Aeolus, descended from Aeolus, of or connected with the Aeolian Islands, of or connected with Aeolia or the Aeolians (partly < Aeolis (ancient Greek Αἰολίς ) or Aeolia (Hellenistic Greek Αἰολία ), the name of a coastal district in the north-west of Asia Minor, and partly < Aeolus (ancient Greek Αἴολος ), the name of the mythical ruler of the winds who lived in the Aeolian Islands, also the name of the mythical ancestor of the Aeolians + -ius , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare French éolien (adjective) of or relating to Aeolus, the ruler of the winds (1585 or earlier in Middle French as eolien ), of or relating to Aeolis or Aeolia (1615), designating a musical scale (1621 in mode éolien ; rare before early 18th cent.), (in geography, of a mountain) not constituting a barrier to winds (1814), and also Italian eolio of or from Aeolis (a1375), of, designating, or relating to the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea (1618 or earlier), of or relating to Aeolus, (in later use also) of, made by, or borne on wind (a1638). With sense B. 1c compare later Aeolic adj.In Aeolian mode at sense B. 1b originally after French mode éolien (1621: see above); compare Hellenistic Greek Αἰόλιος in the Aeolian mode, classical Latin Aeolion (neuter) Aeolian mode (2nd cent. a.d. in Apuleius), post-classical Latin Aeolius (masculine) Aeolian mode (1517 in the passage translated in quot. 1609 at sense A. 2). Several senses of the English word are not paralleled in French until later, e.g.: sense B. 1a (1668 or earlier); sense B. 2b (1878; perhaps after English); and the uses as noun in senses A. 2 (late 19th cent. or earlier) and A. 1 (1732).
A. n.
1. A native or inhabitant of Aeolia or the Aeolian Islands.
ΚΠ
1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergile De Invent. (1663) i. f. xiiii [The letter]f. they receiued of the Aeolians.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια v. 336 Now Homer we know was an Aeolian.
1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata ii. 315 The Æolians, (the Achaians in Thessaly), the Spartans..and the Messenians..took up new Names to their Dialects.
1788 Encycl. Brit. I. 142/1 The Æolic digama is a name given to the letter F, which the Æolians used to prefix to words beginning with vowels.
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 127 The Aeolians occupied the very foreground of Greek literature.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 258/2 Another genealogy makes him the son of Poseidon and Arne,..the mythical ancestor of the tribe of the Aeolians.
1995 D. Collon Anc. Near Eastern Art Intro. 12 Peoples such as the Hittites, Lydians, Lycians.., the Phrygians, Ionians, and Aeolians.., have moved into the country.
2. Usually with the. = Aeolian mode at sense B. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode > authentic modes
Aeolian1589
Ionian1589
authent1597
Dorian mode1603
authentic1609
Ionic1616
Aeolic mode1636
Locrian1753
hyperdorian1761
hyperionian1761
hyperlydian1761
Aeolian mode?1775
Ionian mode?1775
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. x. 70 The Dorien..the Phrigien..the Lydien, and..the Eolien.
1609 J. Dowland tr. A. Ornithoparchus Micrologus i. xiii. 36 The Eolian [L. Eolius] doth appease the tempests of the minde, and when it hath appeased them, luls them asleepe.
1676 tr. H. C. Agrippa Vanity Arts & Sci. xvii. 57 Lucius Apuleius onely names five [Moods]; the Æolian, Hyastian, Varian, shrill Lydian, warlike Phrygian, and Religious Dorick.
1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 60 The Æolian is grand and pompous, though sometimes soothing.
1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 153/1 The Aeolian (A—a) and the Ionian (C—c), subsequently added to the number of the church scales (tones or modes), were subjected to the same classification.
1994 Guitarist Sept. 233/2 (advt.) Don't be without this booklet—learn Major, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian and Locrian in one easy lesson!
B. adj.
1.
a. Of, designating, or relating to the Aeolian Islands, a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Near East, Middle East, and Asia Minor > [adjective] > Asia Minor > specific lands
Pontic?1556
Aeolian1567
Hyrcan1567
Median1577
Albanian1578
Parthian1581
Lycaonian1582
Lydian1584
Anatolian1590
Cilician1597
Lycian1598
Hyrcanian1600
Cappadocian1607
Mysian1613
Chaldaic1662
Pergamenian1680
Sogdian1700
Chaldean1732
Carian1818
Pontine1832
Anatolic1853
Medic1869
Sumerian1874
Mitannian1897
Mitannite1911
1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) xv. f. 197 Then ran he by th' Aeölian Iles and by the metall myne Of Tempsa.
1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica iv. 105 Aeolus..because the clouds and mysts rising about the seauen Eolian Islands, of which he was king, did alwaies portend tempestuous gusts and blasts, therfore the Poets feigned him to be king & god of the winds.
1773 P. Brydone Tour Sicily & Malta I. ii. 35 This [sc. Lipari] is the island supposed by Virgil..to be the habitation of Æolus; but indeed all these islands were formerly called Æolian.
1850 A. W. Zumpt & C. G. Zumpt in Horace Eclogae 33 Aeolus, god of the winds. He resided on one of the Lipari islands (which from him were called Aeolian), and kept the winds shut up in a cave.
1952 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 56 137/2 The half-legendary literary tradition of the ‘Ausonian’ colonisation of the Aeolian Islands.
2000 M. Evans et al. World Food: Italy 97 Moscato di Pantelleria A wine of fabled intensity and rarity from one of the Eolian islands.
b. Music. Originally (now historical): designating a tonos or scale inserted between the Phrygian and the Lydian in a semitonal series. In modern use: designating the octave-scale Aa also aa′, divided harmonically at e′ (also e), the 9th mode and having A (also a) as finalis. Esp. in Aeolian mode, Aeolian scale.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode > authentic modes
Aeolian1589
Ionian1589
authent1597
Dorian mode1603
authentic1609
Ionic1616
Aeolic mode1636
Locrian1753
hyperdorian1761
hyperionian1761
hyperlydian1761
Aeolian mode?1775
Ionian mode?1775
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 50 He regarded not the dainety Lydian, Iônian, or Æolian Melody: but the braue Dorian, and impetuous Phrygian Musique.
?1775 W. Waring tr. J.-J. Rousseau Dict. Music 217 Euclid distinguishes..another which he calls flat lydian, and which is the same with the æolian mode, at least in regard to its fundamental.
1880 T. Helmore in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 40/2 Mozart's Requiem may be said almost to begin and end with the Æolian scale.
1924 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 44 22 Here I think we may safely leave the Aeolian scale—a thing fascinating on paper, but untuneful and irritating in performance. The Pythagorists deprecated the actual public performance of music, and no wonder.
1959 D. Cooke Lang. Music ii. 44 The white-note scales on C (Ionian mode) and A (Aeolian mode) were already our C major and A minor scales.
1993 R. Walser Running with Devil 46 The patented quasi-classical, Gothic sound of the Aeolian mode (natural minor) is found in numerous familiar applications.
2005 Jrnl. Musicol. 22 104 While this descending line..could derive from the upper tetrachord in E Phrygian, it appears in the same place in an E Aeolian scale.
c. Of or relating to Aeolis or Aeolia, an ancient district of Asia Minor; Aeolic.
ΚΠ
1595 M. Mosse Arraignm. Usurie iii. 79 After the AEolian language.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iv. 565 The Arcades used only the Greek language in the Æolian Dialect, which Evander carryed with him into Italy, and from which most of the old Roman language was derived.
1754 W. Whitehead Creusa ii. 30 This Youth was of Æolian Race.
1822 Q. Rev. Apr. 49 In support of these different conclusions, he quotes lines from the most ancient Æolian poetry.
1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 129 The voluptuousness of Æolian poetry is not like that of Persian or Arabian art.
1998 Ann. Brit. School Athens 93 397 The earliest settlers were associated with the Aeolian and Ionian migrations.
2006 Classical Antiq. 25 228 After the native ‘Aeolian’ population was seriously depleted, a party of settlers arrived from Cnidos and Rhodes in the early sixth century.
2.
a. Of or relating to Aeolus, the Greek god of the winds; of, made by, or borne on the wind or currents of air; (also) like an Aeolian harp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > done or caused by wind
Aeolian1598
ventilary1683
ventosal1782
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [adjective] > produced by or borne on
Aeolian1820
1598 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Arke in Deuine Weekes (2nd Weeke) sig. K3 Th' Aeolian Crowd obayes his mighty call, The surly surges of the waters fall.
1622 R. Aylett Peace with her Foure Garders iii. 24 Eolian blasts darke clouds do blow.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. 203 And Eurus never such hard usage found In his Eolian [L. Aeolio] Prisons under ground.
1720 J. Dart tr. Tibullus Wks. iv. 222 Æolian Gales [L. Aeolios ventos] he carry'd o'er the Sea.
1815 W. Meeston tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Harmonies of Nature II. 187 Some mountains may be called aërial, in particular those which are known by the name of Eolian, and send forth winds in the way already explained; while others, called Anti-eolian, serve as obstacles to the winds.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 133 The deep music of the rolling world Kindling within the strings of the waved air, Æolian modulations.
1880 M. D. Conway in Academy 24 July 56 There is a pure aeolian quality, a music as of storms telling their secret on the strings of a heart.
1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. ix. 349 The trade wind sang æolian in the cordages.
1967 R. Sutcliff Outcast ix. 119 His ears full of the aeolian hum of pines.
2002 J. Eugenides Middlesex iii. 227 I lean forward and, Aeolian, blow the candles out. In a moment, they re-ignite.
b. Geomorphology. Usually with lower-case initial. Of a landform, soil, etc.: produced, formed, or deposited by the action of wind in processes such as abrasion, shaping, and deposition; (of a process) involving wind action.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [adjective] > by wind
Aeolian1853
Aeolic1890
1853 C. Lyell in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 9 201 [Reporting R. J. Nelson] They [sc. the Bermudas] may be placed..as a peculiar post-tertiary formation of a composite character, not only of organic origin, but as Neptunian below and ‘Æolian§’ above. [Note] § I introduced this term in the Bermuda MS. [published in 1840], but the passage in which it occurred was inadvertently struck out by myself in making such reductions as were practicable in the bulk of the paper, in which the proposal stood thus: ‘rejecting the exclusive demands of either Neptune or Pluto, to admit the claims of Æolus to a seat at the Board of Works.’—R.J.N.
1853 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 9 207 (caption) Horizontal section of ‘Æolian’ rock.
1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks xiv. 275 Rounded by attrition, the result of their transport by water, or in the case of aeolian rocks, of their transport by wind.
1906 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 17 268 Resting on the gravels is a variably thick layer of fine eolian soil.
1913 Geogr. Jrnl. 42 201 There were alternating periods when first fluviatile, and then æolian processes were dominant. The æolian deposits are mainly classified as loess.
1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) xvi. 232 Æolian erosion acts chiefly at the base of projecting surfaces.
1993 K. S. Robinson Green Mars (new ed.) 428 The floor had been desiccated by the original impact, and now it consisted of about a kilometre's depth of aeolian sediment.
2007 Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 253 96/2 The wood shows characteristics of aeolian ablation such as deflation surfaces and aeolian polish.

Compounds

Aeolian harp n. a stringed instrument producing musical sounds on exposure to a current of air.In quot. 1681 the reference is to a harp of Aeolia and not to this instrument. [Compare post-classical Latin instrumentum Aeolium (1677 or earlier), French harpe éolienne (1794). The aeolian harp, already known in classical antiquity, was rediscovered and described (but not named) by the German scholar Athanasius Kircher in his Musurgia universalis (1650) II. ix. 352. Compare slightly earlier Aeolus's harp n. at Aeolus n.]
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > Aeolian
Aeolus's harpa1748
Aeolian harp1750
Aeolian lyre1754
anemochord1801
wind-harp1813
1681 K. Chetwood Ode on Death of Earl of Ossory 1 The Swan that often sung with tuneful breath, To his Æolian Harp, did sing Of God, of Hero, or of Heaven-born King.]
1750 Student 1 No. 8. 311 (title) Inscriptions on an Æolian harp.
1771 T. Jefferson Memorandum Bks. 21 Dec. (1997) I. 248 Under the temple an Aeolian harp.
1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 181 You melt in dulcet chords, when Zephyr rings The Eolian Harp.
1938 E. G. Richardson Physical Sci. Mod. Life i. 20 This is the modus operandi of that little instrument, sometimes seen in toyshops, known as the Aeolian harp.
2008 Wire Feb. 44/3 He is also now an instrument builder, constructing fire organs, a glass harmonica and Aeolian harps.
Aeolian lyre n. = Aeolian harp n.In quot. 1757 the reference is to a lyre of Aeolia and not to this instrument, though it had recently become known: see Lit. Mag. (1757) Sept.–Oct. 423/2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > Aeolian
Aeolus's harpa1748
Aeolian harp1750
Aeolian lyre1754
anemochord1801
wind-harp1813
1754 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 525/1 Till happy! now the Eolian lyre is known, And all the pow'rs of musick are my own.
1757 T. Gray Ode I i. i, in Odes 5 Awake, Æolian lyre, awake.]
a1822 P. B. Shelley Def. Poetry in Ess. & Lett. (1840) I. 26 Man is an instrument over which a series of external and internal impressions are driven, like the alternations of an ever-changing wind over an Æolian lyre, which move it by their motion to ever-changing melody.
1853 Jrnl. Progress 11 June 109/2 Like the chords of an æolian lyre to the Spirit of the wind.
1959 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 103 624/2 The ‘South-West Wind in the Woodland’..makes nature an Aeolian lyre of tree branches played on by the wind.
1990 C. Paglia Sexual Personae xiv. 378 One of the great Romantic metaphors, the Aeolian lyre, has a latent sexual ambiguity unnoted by major criticism.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.adj.1546
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