churlishadj.

Brit.

/ˈtʃəːlɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈtʃərlɪʃ/

Forms: Old English ceorlisc, ciorlisc, cierlisc, cyrlisc, cirlisc, Middle English cherlyssh(e, cherlisch, cherliche, cherlish, churlische, ( cheerlissch), Middle English cherlyche, cherlysche, cherlliche, chorlissh, chorlysshe, Middle English–1500s churlisshe, churlysshe, 1500s chorlyshe, chorlish, 1500s– churlish.

Etymology: Old English cierlisc , or (without umlaut) ceorlisc , < ceorl churl n. + -isc , -ish suffix¹. Compare carlish adj.

†1.

a. Of or relating to a churl; of the rank or position of a churl; pertaining to churls, rustic, common, vulgar, mean. Obsolete (or archaic).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [adjective] > peasant or rustic

churlisha1000

upland14..

rustical?a1475

ruric1488

rusticate?a1505

rural1513

upalands1535

clownish1570

rustic1582

clownical1614

clown-likea1640

swainish1642

nut-brown1648

countrified1653

Corydonical1656

sylvatic1661

villatic1671

farmerly1689

peasant1702

soil-bound1814

farmerish1835

farmery1862

corn-pone1919

swede-bashing1936

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [adjective] > of the ceorl class

churlisha1000

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective]

churlisha1000

ruric1488

rural1513

rusticalc1525

peasant1550

peasantly1569

clownish1570

rustic1576

shepherdly1579

russet1598

clownical1614

clown-likea1640

nut-brown1648

countrified1653

high-shoon1654

Corydonical1656

high-shod1656

sylvatic1661

villatic1671

russet-coated1683

one-gallus1881

one-gallused1887

red-necked1896

rube1898

takhaar1899

backwoodsya1910

swede-bashing1936

backwoodish1946

a1000 Laws Ine 18 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 114 (Bosw.) Gif cierlisc [ciorlisc MS. H, cyrlisc B] mon betygen wære.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 153/33 Cibarius, ceorlisc hlaf.

1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 893 Sæton feawa cirlisce men.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Chron. xxvii. 26 To the churlische werk..and to the erthe tilieris, that wrouȝten the erth.

c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Prol. 61 But tolde his cherlisch tale in his manere.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 72 Cherlyche or charlysche, rusticalis.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 727 Tradition asserts Godwine to have been a man of churlish birth.

b. Applied to churl's mustard: see churl n. Compounds b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [adjective]

churlish1597

mithridate mustard1760

iberis1768

cruciferous1850

brassic1879

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 210 The seeds of these churlish kindes of treacle mustarde.

a. Intentionally boorish or rude in behaviour; hard, harsh, ‘brutal’, surly, ungracious.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > surly

carlisha1240

churlishc1405

rustyc1485

ladlike1508

crabbed1535

chumpisha1586

curmudgeonly1590

bear-like1593

bearish1646

surly1670

gruff1691

chuffya1700

gurly1721

ramgunshoch1721

churled18..

gruffy1802

ursine1827

chuff1832

ursal1837

churly1863

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 807 Fro his lust yet were hym leuere abyde Than doon so heigh a cherlyssh [v.r. cherlyssh, cherliche, cherles, cheerlissch] wrecchednesse.

a1450 Le Morte Arth. 1078 So churlysshe of maners in feld ne hale Ne know I none.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) ciii. sig. E*i The dolphyn stepte forthe..and said to the kynge, thou foule olde churlysshe vilaine.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. xxv. 3 The man was churlish and euill in his doings.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 91 The Retort courteous..the Quip-modest..the reply Churlish .

1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 13 That which troubleth me most is my churlish carriages to him when he was under his distress.

1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman Pref. It cannot be denied but we are in many Cases, and particularly to Strangers, the Churlishest People alive.

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xxv. 520 We found the people more churlish than usual.

b. transferred. Of beasts, natural forces and agents: Violent, rough, etc. (Now only figurative.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective]

retheeOE

hotOE

strongOE

woodlyc1000

un-i-rideOE

stoura1122

brathc1175

unridec1175

unrudec1225

starklyc1275

toughc1275

wood1297

ragec1330

unrekena1350

biga1375

furialc1386

outrageousc1390

savagea1393

violenta1393

bremelya1400

snarta1400

wrothlya1400

fightingc1400

runishc1400

dour?a1425

derfc1440

churlousa1450

roida1450

fervent1465

churlish1477

orgulous1483

felona1500

brathfula1522

brathlya1525

fanatic1533

furious1535

boisterous1544

blusterous1548

ungentle1551

sore1563

full-mouthed1594

savage wild1595

Herculean1602

shrill1608

robustious1612

efferous1614

thundering1618

churly1620

ferocient1655

turbulent1656

efferate1684

knock-me-down1760

haggard-wild1786

ensanguined1806

rammish1807

fulminatory1820

riproarious1830

natural1832

survigrous1835

sabre-toothed1849

cataclysmal1861

thunderous1874

fierce1912

cataractal1926

1477 J. Pympe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 418 So that he be not chorlissh at a spore, as plungyng.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 7 The Icie phange And churlish chiding of the winters winde.

1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs ii. xiii. 10 in Purple Island From thence he furrow'd many a churlish sea.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxvi. 318 It is a strong and chirlish vomit.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 689 Rude and Churlish Blasts of Wind.

1755 J. Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1754 (Royal Soc.) 48 857 It always proved a very churlish medicine. [Cf. churlous n.]

3. Sordid, niggardly, stingy, grudging.[See note to churl n. 6.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [adjective]

gnedec900

gripplea1000

fastOE

narrow-hearteda1200

narrow?c1225

straitc1290

chinchc1300

nithinga1325

scarcec1330

clama1340

hard1340

scantc1366

sparingc1386

niggardc1400

chinchy?1406

retentivea1450

niggardousa1492

niggish1519

unliberal1533

pinching1548

dry1552

nigh1555

niggardly1560

churlish1566

squeamish1566

niggardish1567

niggard-like1567

holding1569

spare1577

handfast1578

envious1580

close-handed1585

hard-handed1587

curmudgeonly1590

parsimonious?1591

costive1594

hidebound1598

penny-pinching1600

penurious1600

strait-handed1600

club-fisted1601

dry-fisted1604

fast-handed1605

fast-fingered1607

close-fisted1608

near1611

scanting1613

carkingc1620

illiberal1623

clutch-fisteda1634

hideboundeda1640

clutch-fista1643

clunch-fisted1644

unbounteous1645

hard-fisted1646

purse-bound1652

close1654

stingy1659

tenacious1676

scanty1692

sneaking1696

gripe-handed1698

narrow-souled1699

niggardling1704

snippy1727

unindulgent1742

shabby1766

neargoinga1774

cheesemongering1781

split-farthing1787

save-all1788

picked1790

iron-fisted1794

unhandsome1800

scaly1803

nearbegoing1805

tight1805

nippit1808

nipcheese1819

cumin-splitting1822

partan-handed1823

scrimping1823

scrumptious1823

scrimpy1825

meanly1827

skinny1833

pinchfisted1837

mean1840

tight-fisted1843

screwy1844

stinty1849

cheeseparing1857

skinflinty1886

mouly1904

mingy1911

cheapskate1912

picey1937

tight-assed1961

chintzy1964

tightwad1976

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xxviii. f. 58^v As he liued a beastlie and chorlishe life, euen so he required to haue his funerall, dooen after that maner.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iv. 79 My master is of churlish disposition, And little wreakes to finde the way to heauen By doing deeds of hospitalitie.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 191 Nor was I ever so churlish..as to keep the commendations of them from others.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 91 Thy churlish courtesy..Reserve.

1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve I. ii. 26 He could not offer a churlish roof to his visitors.

4. Of soil: Unkindly, stiff, hard, and difficult to work, ill repaying the husbandman's toil. Formerly also of metal: Difficult to work, intractable. Also transferred of difficulties, obstacles, etc. (Now figurative.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or intractable (of things)

wickc1330

riotous1340

wickeda1352

untreatablec1374

frowarda1400

inobedient1495

stubborn?1518

unwieldya1538

unruly1548

wieldlessa1560

hard1560

untoward1566

tickle1570

churlish1577

unwieldsome1579

rebellious1587

disobedient1588

unframeable1593

unwilling1593

untractable1601

unmanageable1606

intractable1607

surly1609

unwedgeablea1616

dogged1627

uncontrollable1648

obdurate1651

morose1652

uncompliant1659

sullen1678

unpliant1716

ungovernable1773

sulky1867

intractile1880

unwieldly1881

bunglesome1915

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 22 In Sommer the ground is to hard and churlishe.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 16 Will you againe vnknit This churlish knot of all abhorred war.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §326 If there be Emission of spirit, the body of the Metal will be hard and Churlish.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 250 In assigning the west border of this Tribe, we meet with a churlish difficulty in the text.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Derb. 229 It is not churlish, but good natured Metal.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 3 Harsh, churlish, obstinate clay.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 9 Where the bleak Swiss..force a churlish soil for scanty bread.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xli. 169 A churlish strong-box or a prison-door.

Compounds

churlish-throated adj.

ΚΠ

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 216 The churlish throated hounds then holding him at bay.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	churlish
释义	churlishadj. Brit. /ˈtʃəːlɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈtʃərlɪʃ/ Forms: Old English ceorlisc, ciorlisc, cierlisc, cyrlisc, cirlisc, Middle English cherlyssh(e, cherlisch, cherliche, cherlish, churlische, ( cheerlissch), Middle English cherlyche, cherlysche, cherlliche, chorlissh, chorlysshe, Middle English–1500s churlisshe, churlysshe, 1500s chorlyshe, chorlish, 1500s– churlish. Etymology: Old English cierlisc , or (without umlaut) ceorlisc , < ceorl churl n. + -isc , -ish suffix¹. Compare carlish adj. †1. a. Of or relating to a churl; of the rank or position of a churl; pertaining to churls, rustic, common, vulgar, mean. Obsolete (or archaic). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [adjective] > peasant or rustic churlisha1000 upland14.. rustical?a1475 ruric1488 rusticate?a1505 rural1513 upalands1535 clownish1570 rustic1582 clownical1614 clown-likea1640 swainish1642 nut-brown1648 countrified1653 Corydonical1656 sylvatic1661 villatic1671 farmerly1689 peasant1702 soil-bound1814 farmerish1835 farmery1862 corn-pone1919 swede-bashing1936 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [adjective] > of the ceorl class churlisha1000 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective] churlisha1000 ruric1488 rural1513 rusticalc1525 peasant1550 peasantly1569 clownish1570 rustic1576 shepherdly1579 russet1598 clownical1614 clown-likea1640 nut-brown1648 countrified1653 high-shoon1654 Corydonical1656 high-shod1656 sylvatic1661 villatic1671 russet-coated1683 one-gallus1881 one-gallused1887 red-necked1896 rube1898 takhaar1899 backwoodsya1910 swede-bashing1936 backwoodish1946 a1000 Laws Ine 18 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 114 (Bosw.) Gif cierlisc [ciorlisc MS. H, cyrlisc B] mon betygen wære. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 153/33 Cibarius, ceorlisc hlaf. 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 893 Sæton feawa cirlisce men. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Chron. xxvii. 26 To the churlische werk..and to the erthe tilieris, that wrouȝten the erth. c1386 G. Chaucer Miller's Prol. 61 But tolde his cherlisch tale in his manere. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 72 Cherlyche or charlysche, rusticalis. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 727 Tradition asserts Godwine to have been a man of churlish birth. b. Applied to churl's mustard: see churl n. Compounds b. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [adjective] churlish1597 mithridate mustard1760 iberis1768 cruciferous1850 brassic1879 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 210 The seeds of these churlish kindes of treacle mustarde. 2. a. Intentionally boorish or rude in behaviour; hard, harsh, ‘brutal’, surly, ungracious. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > surly carlisha1240 churlishc1405 rustyc1485 ladlike1508 crabbed1535 chumpisha1586 curmudgeonly1590 bear-like1593 bearish1646 surly1670 gruff1691 chuffya1700 gurly1721 ramgunshoch1721 churled18.. gruffy1802 ursine1827 chuff1832 ursal1837 churly1863 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 807 Fro his lust yet were hym leuere abyde Than doon so heigh a cherlyssh [v.r. cherlyssh, cherliche, cherles, cheerlissch] wrecchednesse. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 1078 So churlysshe of maners in feld ne hale Ne know I none. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) ciii. sig. Ei The dolphyn stepte forthe..and said to the kynge, thou foule olde churlysshe vilaine. 1611 Bible (King James)* 1 Sam. xxv. 3 The man was churlish and euill in his doings. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) v. iv. 91 The Retort courteous..the Quip-modest..the reply Churlish . View more context for this quotation 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 13 That which troubleth me most is my churlish carriages to him when he was under his distress. View more context for this quotation 1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman Pref. It cannot be denied but we are in many Cases, and particularly to Strangers, the Churlishest People alive. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xxv. 520 We found the people more churlish than usual. b. transferred. Of beasts, natural forces and agents: Violent, rough, etc. (Now only figurative.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] retheeOE hotOE strongOE woodlyc1000 un-i-rideOE stoura1122 brathc1175 unridec1175 unrudec1225 starklyc1275 toughc1275 wood1297 ragec1330 unrekena1350 biga1375 furialc1386 outrageousc1390 savagea1393 violenta1393 bremelya1400 snarta1400 wrothlya1400 fightingc1400 runishc1400 dour?a1425 derfc1440 churlousa1450 roida1450 fervent1465 churlish1477 orgulous1483 felona1500 brathfula1522 brathlya1525 fanatic1533 furious1535 boisterous1544 blusterous1548 ungentle1551 sore1563 full-mouthed1594 savage wild1595 Herculean1602 shrill1608 robustious1612 efferous1614 thundering1618 churly1620 ferocient1655 turbulent1656 efferate1684 knock-me-down1760 haggard-wild1786 ensanguined1806 rammish1807 fulminatory1820 riproarious1830 natural1832 survigrous1835 sabre-toothed1849 cataclysmal1861 thunderous1874 fierce1912 cataractal1926 1477 J. Pympe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 418 So that he be not chorlissh at a spore, as plungyng. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 7 The Icie phange And churlish chiding of the winters winde. View more context for this quotation 1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs ii. xiii. 10 in Purple Island From thence he furrow'd many a churlish sea. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxvi. 318 It is a strong and chirlish vomit. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 689 Rude and Churlish Blasts of Wind. 1755 J. Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1754 (Royal Soc.) 48 857 It always proved a very churlish medicine. [Cf. churlous n.] 3. Sordid, niggardly, stingy, grudging.[See note to churl n. 6.] ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [adjective] gnedec900 gripplea1000 fastOE narrow-hearteda1200 narrow?c1225 straitc1290 chinchc1300 nithinga1325 scarcec1330 clama1340 hard1340 scantc1366 sparingc1386 niggardc1400 chinchy?1406 retentivea1450 niggardousa1492 niggish1519 unliberal1533 pinching1548 dry1552 nigh1555 niggardly1560 churlish1566 squeamish1566 niggardish1567 niggard-like1567 holding1569 spare1577 handfast1578 envious1580 close-handed1585 hard-handed1587 curmudgeonly1590 parsimonious?1591 costive1594 hidebound1598 penny-pinching1600 penurious1600 strait-handed1600 club-fisted1601 dry-fisted1604 fast-handed1605 fast-fingered1607 close-fisted1608 near1611 scanting1613 carkingc1620 illiberal1623 clutch-fisteda1634 hideboundeda1640 clutch-fista1643 clunch-fisted1644 unbounteous1645 hard-fisted1646 purse-bound1652 close1654 stingy1659 tenacious1676 scanty1692 sneaking1696 gripe-handed1698 narrow-souled1699 niggardling1704 snippy1727 unindulgent1742 shabby1766 neargoinga1774 cheesemongering1781 split-farthing1787 save-all1788 picked1790 iron-fisted1794 unhandsome1800 scaly1803 nearbegoing1805 tight1805 nippit1808 nipcheese1819 cumin-splitting1822 partan-handed1823 scrimping1823 scrumptious1823 scrimpy1825 meanly1827 skinny1833 pinchfisted1837 mean1840 tight-fisted1843 screwy1844 stinty1849 cheeseparing1857 skinflinty1886 mouly1904 mingy1911 cheapskate1912 picey1937 tight-assed1961 chintzy1964 tightwad1976 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xxviii. f. 58^v As he liued a beastlie and chorlishe life, euen so he required to haue his funerall, dooen after that maner. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iv. 79 My master is of churlish disposition, And little wreakes to finde the way to heauen By doing deeds of hospitalitie. View more context for this quotation 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 191 Nor was I ever so churlish..as to keep the commendations of them from others. View more context for this quotation 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 91 Thy churlish courtesy..Reserve. 1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve I. ii. 26 He could not offer a churlish roof to his visitors. 4. Of soil: Unkindly, stiff, hard, and difficult to work, ill repaying the husbandman's toil. Formerly also of metal: Difficult to work, intractable. Also transferred of difficulties, obstacles, etc. (Now figurative.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > types of difficulty > [adjective] > difficult or intractable (of things) wickc1330 riotous1340 wickeda1352 untreatablec1374 frowarda1400 inobedient1495 stubborn?1518 unwieldya1538 unruly1548 wieldlessa1560 hard1560 untoward1566 tickle1570 churlish1577 unwieldsome1579 rebellious1587 disobedient1588 unframeable1593 unwilling1593 untractable1601 unmanageable1606 intractable1607 surly1609 unwedgeablea1616 dogged1627 uncontrollable1648 obdurate1651 morose1652 uncompliant1659 sullen1678 unpliant1716 ungovernable1773 sulky1867 intractile1880 unwieldly1881 bunglesome1915 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 22 In Sommer the ground is to hard and churlishe. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 16 Will you againe vnknit This churlish knot of all abhorred war. View more context for this quotation 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §326 If there be Emission of spirit, the body of the Metal will be hard and Churlish. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 250 In assigning the west border of this Tribe, we meet with a churlish difficulty in the text. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Derb. 229 It is not churlish, but good natured Metal. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1752) 3 Harsh, churlish, obstinate clay. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 9 Where the bleak Swiss..force a churlish soil for scanty bread. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xli. 169 A churlish strong-box or a prison-door. Compounds churlish-throated adj. ΚΠ 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xiii. 216 The churlish throated hounds then holding him at bay. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1000
随便看	θ18419 θ163239 θ16324 θ163240 θ163241 θ163242 θ163243 θ163244 θ163245 θ163246 θ163247 θ163248 θ163249 θ16325 θ163250 θ163251 θ163252 θ163253 θ163254 θ163255 θ163256 θ163257 θ163258 θ163259 θ16326