churchwardenn.

Brit.

/ˈtʃəːtʃˌwɔːdn/, U.S.

/ˈtʃərtʃˌwɔrd(ə)n/

Forms: see church n.¹ and adj. and warden n.¹; also 1600s churswarden.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: church n.¹, warden n.¹

Etymology: < church n.¹ + warden n.¹ Compare churchward n.¹

a. In the pre-reformation Church in England, and subsequently in the Church of England and certain other Anglican Churches: an elected lay representative in a parish church, whose responsibilities include maintaining order in the church and churchyard and looking after the church building and property. Also called (now rarely) churchmaster and (formerly) church reeve. Cf. churchward n.¹, kirkwarden n.Churchwardens are elected annually by parishioners at the Easter vestry (vestry n.¹ 2a) or other annual parochial meeting. There are typically two churchwardens in each parish; historically, one was elected by the incumbent (sometimes called the Rector's Warden) and one by the parishioners (the People's Warden).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun]

reeveeOE

kirkmaster1429

church reeve1433

warden1439

kirkreeve1442

churchwarden1443

churchman1457

churchmaster1484

churchward1496

kirkwarden1500

herenach1607

chapelwarden1688

kirkward1883

1443 Acct. in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1902) 8 24 (MED) Joh Manyturne & Tomas Bonsce schyrsche wordeynys.

c1490 Cely Papers, Auditor's Extracts P.R.O.: C 47/37/10 m. 37 Money paid to the Church Wardens of seynt Olavys Church.

1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. viii I will that the said. xiij d. be distributed..after the discrecon of the churche wardeyns of the said parisshe.

1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Administr. Lordes Supper sig. N.i^v Then shal the Churche wardens..gather the deuocion of the people.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. O1 Honest substantiall men (called Churchwardens or the like) chosen by the consent of the whole congregation.

1610 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 29 For Salt to destroy the fleas in Churchwarden's pew..6d.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xi. sig. G7^v Once a moneth he presents himselfe at the Church, to keepe off the Church-warden.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 158. ⁋4 The Church-warden should hold up his Wand.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xi. 383 A churchwarden may justify the pulling off a man's hat, without being guilty of either an assault or trespas.

1839 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 2) II. iv. ii. 96 The lists of county voters, the overseers and churchwardens of every parish are charged with the duty of preparing.

1883 St. James's Gaz. 30 Nov. 5/1 It has been decided that the bell-ropes are the legal property of the churchwardens.

1918 M. Gyte Diary 3 Apr. (1999) 169 A vestry meeting took place at 4 o'clock... The churchwardens are Mr. A. Gyte and Mr. Thos Wm Brocklehurst as there was no opposition.

1972 R. Godden Diddakoi i. 14 Mrs Cuthbert was a churchwarden and on the P.C.C., the Parochial Church Council.

1998 Church Times 22 May 13/1 If anyone wants anything church-wise, they go to the churchwardens, who pass it on to me.

†b. figurative. A person who spoils a work of art in an attempt to improve it. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.With allusion to the attributive use in architectural contexts (see Compounds 1).

ΚΠ

a1876 G. Dawson Improvers of Shaks. (1888) 46 So have Shakespeare's works suffered from the churchwardens of literature.

2. U.S. An officer of a church (esp. an Episcopal Church) who is responsible for financial and administrative matters.

ΚΠ

1619 in Jrnls. House of Burgesses Virginia 1619–58/9 (1915) 13 The Ministers and Churchwardens shall seeke to prevente all ungodly disorders.

1671 in Rec. Town Brookhaven (N.Y.) (1880) 40 William Satterly is to be in the place of a church warden for this present yere, for to see the minister's Raetes be brought in an paied.

1736 N. Trott Laws Province S.-Carolina I. 388 The Church-Wardens..shall render an Account of the said Money how laid out, to the Church Commissioners at their next Meeting.

1875 H. B. Stowe We & our Neighbors 117 The gorgeous, many-colored lights streamed silently the while through the stained windows, turning the bald head of one ancient church-warden yellow.

1980 J. Morrison & C. F. Zabusky Amer. Mosaic (1982) i. 105 He is now churchwarden of a Russian Orthodox church in northern Indiana.

2000 N.Y. Times 9 Nov. d8/1 To appear hard up, the rector, churchwardens and vestrypersons for a number of years have concealed the true financial condition of the church.

†3. Scottish. A beadle; = church officer n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-officer > [noun]

altarist1445

church officer1566

beadle1594

kirk officer1608

churchwarden1660

1660 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) II. 193 Any that sall contraveine the premisses, being thrie tymes prohibit and forbiddin be the..churchwarden.

4. colloquial (originally and chiefly British). = churchwarden pipe n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long

churchwarden's pipe1832

churchwarden1840

long clay1841

yard of clay1842

churchwarden pipe1860

1840 New Monthly Mag. 58 49 I went into the little bar and told the landlord (who was smoking a churchwarden), that most of the men had gone off.

1863 J. C. Jeaffreson Live it Down II. xii. 187 Mr. Wylie lit his pipe, having first induced Mr. Braddock to take a churchwarden, and smoke also.

1883 Harper's Mag. July 174/1 The ‘church-warden’..is a small clay pipe with a stem from sixteen to twenty inches long.

1901 W. A. Penn Soverane Herb ix. 165 The moulds vary, of course, in shape, as churchwardens, cutties, plain, or fancy pipes are being made.

1938 E. Waugh Scoop i. ii. 33 Have a cigarette..or do you prefer your churchwarden?

2007 Independent 29 Jan. (Extra section) 7/1 Matthew has a meerschaum for football, a briar for cricket,..and the aforementioned Churchwarden for moments of utmost tennis importance.

Compounds

C1. attributive. Architecture (chiefly depreciative). Designating an imitation Gothic style used in church building or restoration, esp. in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; of, relating to, or restored in this style.With reference to the fact that many such works were carried out by amateur or inexperienced local tradespeople under the orders of the churchwarden, often resulting in damage to or destruction of the existing architecture.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > Gothic > Gothic revival

revival1806

churchwarden1821

American Gothic1836

Strawberry Hill1836

Gothic1841

Puginesquery1848

Gothic Revival1869

1821 T. F. Dibdin Bibliogr. Tour I. 42 The interior..is..sadly altered from its original construction; and has recently been trimmed up and smartened in the true church-warden style.

1840 H. E. Manning in E. S. Purcell Life Cardinal Manning (1896) I. 177 To survey and codify the laws of Churchwarden Gothic, beginning from the hat-pegs and wooden mullions at Bexhill.

1886 R. N. Worth Devonshire 293 The Saxon font..preserved through the churchwarden period by being partially buried, reversed, in the floor.

1894 Murray's Handbk. Oxfordsh. 138 The windows throughout the church were despoiled of their tracery, and churchwarden windows inserted.

1912 D. H. Cranage Archit. Churches Shropshire II. 895 The style is a peculiarly hideous variety of ‘churchwarden Gothic’, the original windows..having cast-iron tracery.

1997 R. Muir Yorks. Countryside xiv. 188/2 The Norman church at Arncliffe..was restored in the churchwarden style at the end of the eighteenth century.

C2.

churchwarden pipe n. originally and chiefly British a type of clay tobacco pipe with a very long stem. [The semantic motivation is unclear. Perhaps compare also alderman pipe (mid 19th cent. or earlier):

1852 G. A. Sala in Househ. Words 17 Jan. 399/2 But where, sir, is the old original alderman pipe, the churchwarden's pipe, the unadulterated ‘yard of clay’?

]

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long

churchwarden's pipe1832

churchwarden1840

long clay1841

yard of clay1842

churchwarden pipe1860

1860 Punch 6 Oct. 132/2 For my own part I admit that there are occasions when a churchwarden pipe and a wainscotted tap-room possess irresistible attractions for me.

1927 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Oct. 720/2 In the churchwarden pipe the opportunity for the nicotine to condense is such that the smoke is almost freed from the alkaloid.

2010 Uttoxeter Advertiser (Nexis) 2 June There's a dinner the night before Johnson's birthday and you smoke clay churchwarden pipes and eat steak and kidney pudding.

churchwarden's pipe n. = churchwarden pipe n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long

churchwarden's pipe1832

churchwarden1840

long clay1841

yard of clay1842

churchwarden pipe1860

1832 Times 20 Dec. 4/4 There he lighted an unusually long pipe, called a churchwarden's pipe, which..he said he had brought from the beer-shop.

1906 D. Sladen Carthage & Tunis II. ix. 438 Each had his separate tin saucepan with a handle as long as a churchwarden's pipe.

1986 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 19 June Mr Heaven's pipes..include plenty of ‘pumpkin’ pipes (Sherlock Holmes) and church warden's pipes—ones with long stems (Barnaby Rudge).

Derivatives

† churchwardened adj. Obsolete placed in the care of a churchwarden.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. C7 A new painted, and churchwarden'd fane.

churchˈwardenism n. now rare the practice of restoring churches in the ‘churchwarden’ style (see Compounds 1); an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] > rule of

churchwardenism1829

1829 Gentleman's Mag. 99 602/2 Mr. Oliver's subsequent account of the church ends, as most church descriptions do, in the mutilations of church-wardenism.

1865 Cornhill Mag. June 737 The genius of churchwardenism ruled in the vestries, and presided over the destruction or defacement of much.

1880 J. Puckle Church & Fortress Dover Castle i. 1 Remnants of Mediæval Churchwardenisms..often as bad as any of the Nineteenth Century.

1905 J. E. Hodgson & F. A. Eaton Royal Acad. & its Members ix. 137 As late as the reign of Anne every building erected..was beautified by an exquisite sense of proportion; and then the dismal night of churchwardenism overwhelmed the land.

churchˈwardenize v. now rare (transitive) to restore (a church or architectural feature) in the ‘churchwarden’ style (see Compounds 1); usually in passive.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > damage > [verb (transitive)]

churchwardenize1830

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [verb (transitive)] > treat in specific style

Gothicize1798

Wreneanize1813

churchwardenize1830

castellate1840

Palladianize1893

Tudorize1986

1830 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 16/2 No building has suffered more from being ‘churchwardenized’, than the fine old Church of Hexham.

1863 Sat. Rev. 15 669/1 Buildings..although much churchwardenized, still possessing great architectural interest.

1902 Murray's Handbk. Berks. 120 The chancel windows have been..churchwardenised.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	churchwarden
释义	churchwardenn. Brit. /ˈtʃəːtʃˌwɔːdn/, U.S. /ˈtʃərtʃˌwɔrd(ə)n/ Forms: see church n.¹ and adj. and warden n.¹; also 1600s churswarden. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: church n.¹, warden n.¹ Etymology: < church n.¹ + warden n.¹ Compare churchward n.¹ 1. a. In the pre-reformation Church in England, and subsequently in the Church of England and certain other Anglican Churches: an elected lay representative in a parish church, whose responsibilities include maintaining order in the church and churchyard and looking after the church building and property. Also called (now rarely) churchmaster and (formerly) church reeve. Cf. churchward n.¹, kirkwarden n.Churchwardens are elected annually by parishioners at the Easter vestry (vestry n.¹ 2a) or other annual parochial meeting. There are typically two churchwardens in each parish; historically, one was elected by the incumbent (sometimes called the Rector's Warden) and one by the parishioners (the People's Warden). ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] reeveeOE kirkmaster1429 church reeve1433 warden1439 kirkreeve1442 churchwarden1443 churchman1457 churchmaster1484 churchward1496 kirkwarden1500 herenach1607 chapelwarden1688 kirkward1883 1443 Acct. in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1902) 8 24 (MED) Joh Manyturne & Tomas Bonsce schyrsche wordeynys. c1490 Cely Papers, Auditor's Extracts P.R.O.: C 47/37/10 m. 37 Money paid to the Church Wardens of seynt Olavys Church. 1513 Will of Robert Fabyan in R. Fabyan New Chrons. Eng. & France (1811) Pref. p. viii I will that the said. xiij d. be distributed..after the discrecon of the churche wardeyns of the said parisshe. 1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Administr. Lordes Supper sig. N.i^v Then shal the Churche wardens..gather the deuocion of the people. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. O1 Honest substantiall men (called Churchwardens or the like) chosen by the consent of the whole congregation. 1610 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 29 For Salt to destroy the fleas in Churchwarden's pew..6d. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xi. sig. G7^v Once a moneth he presents himselfe at the Church, to keepe off the Church-warden. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 158. ⁋4 The Church-warden should hold up his Wand. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xi. 383 A churchwarden may justify the pulling off a man's hat, without being guilty of either an assault or trespas. 1839 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 2) II. iv. ii. 96 The lists of county voters, the overseers and churchwardens of every parish are charged with the duty of preparing. 1883 St. James's Gaz. 30 Nov. 5/1 It has been decided that the bell-ropes are the legal property of the churchwardens. 1918 M. Gyte Diary 3 Apr. (1999) 169 A vestry meeting took place at 4 o'clock... The churchwardens are Mr. A. Gyte and Mr. Thos Wm Brocklehurst as there was no opposition. 1972 R. Godden Diddakoi i. 14 Mrs Cuthbert was a churchwarden and on the P.C.C., the Parochial Church Council. 1998 Church Times 22 May 13/1 If anyone wants anything church-wise, they go to the churchwardens, who pass it on to me. †b. figurative. A person who spoils a work of art in an attempt to improve it. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.With allusion to the attributive use in architectural contexts (see Compounds 1). ΚΠ a1876 G. Dawson Improvers of Shaks. (1888) 46 So have Shakespeare's works suffered from the churchwardens of literature. 2. U.S. An officer of a church (esp. an Episcopal Church) who is responsible for financial and administrative matters. ΚΠ 1619 in Jrnls. House of Burgesses Virginia 1619–58/9 (1915) 13 The Ministers and Churchwardens shall seeke to prevente all ungodly disorders. 1671 in Rec. Town Brookhaven (N.Y.) (1880) 40 William Satterly is to be in the place of a church warden for this present yere, for to see the minister's Raetes be brought in an paied. 1736 N. Trott Laws Province S.-Carolina I. 388 The Church-Wardens..shall render an Account of the said Money how laid out, to the Church Commissioners at their next Meeting. 1875 H. B. Stowe We & our Neighbors 117 The gorgeous, many-colored lights streamed silently the while through the stained windows, turning the bald head of one ancient church-warden yellow. 1980 J. Morrison & C. F. Zabusky Amer. Mosaic (1982) i. 105 He is now churchwarden of a Russian Orthodox church in northern Indiana. 2000 N.Y. Times 9 Nov. d8/1 To appear hard up, the rector, churchwardens and vestrypersons for a number of years have concealed the true financial condition of the church. †3. Scottish. A beadle; = church officer n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-officer > [noun] altarist1445 church officer1566 beadle1594 kirk officer1608 churchwarden1660 1660 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) II. 193 Any that sall contraveine the premisses, being thrie tymes prohibit and forbiddin be the..churchwarden. 4. colloquial (originally and chiefly British). = churchwarden pipe n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long churchwarden's pipe1832 churchwarden1840 long clay1841 yard of clay1842 churchwarden pipe1860 1840 New Monthly Mag. 58 49 I went into the little bar and told the landlord (who was smoking a churchwarden), that most of the men had gone off. 1863 J. C. Jeaffreson Live it Down II. xii. 187 Mr. Wylie lit his pipe, having first induced Mr. Braddock to take a churchwarden, and smoke also. 1883 Harper's Mag. July 174/1 The ‘church-warden’..is a small clay pipe with a stem from sixteen to twenty inches long. 1901 W. A. Penn Soverane Herb ix. 165 The moulds vary, of course, in shape, as churchwardens, cutties, plain, or fancy pipes are being made. 1938 E. Waugh Scoop i. ii. 33 Have a cigarette..or do you prefer your churchwarden? 2007 Independent 29 Jan. (Extra section) 7/1 Matthew has a meerschaum for football, a briar for cricket,..and the aforementioned Churchwarden for moments of utmost tennis importance. Compounds C1. attributive. Architecture (chiefly depreciative). Designating an imitation Gothic style used in church building or restoration, esp. in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; of, relating to, or restored in this style.With reference to the fact that many such works were carried out by amateur or inexperienced local tradespeople under the orders of the churchwarden, often resulting in damage to or destruction of the existing architecture. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [noun] > Gothic > Gothic revival revival1806 churchwarden1821 American Gothic1836 Strawberry Hill1836 Gothic1841 Puginesquery1848 Gothic Revival1869 1821 T. F. Dibdin Bibliogr. Tour I. 42 The interior..is..sadly altered from its original construction; and has recently been trimmed up and smartened in the true church-warden style. 1840 H. E. Manning in E. S. Purcell Life Cardinal Manning (1896) I. 177 To survey and codify the laws of Churchwarden Gothic, beginning from the hat-pegs and wooden mullions at Bexhill. 1886 R. N. Worth Devonshire 293 The Saxon font..preserved through the churchwarden period by being partially buried, reversed, in the floor. 1894 Murray's Handbk. Oxfordsh. 138 The windows throughout the church were despoiled of their tracery, and churchwarden windows inserted. 1912 D. H. Cranage Archit. Churches Shropshire II. 895 The style is a peculiarly hideous variety of ‘churchwarden Gothic’, the original windows..having cast-iron tracery. 1997 R. Muir Yorks. Countryside xiv. 188/2 The Norman church at Arncliffe..was restored in the churchwarden style at the end of the eighteenth century. C2. churchwarden pipe n. originally and chiefly British a type of clay tobacco pipe with a very long stem. [The semantic motivation is unclear. Perhaps compare also alderman pipe (mid 19th cent. or earlier): 1852 G. A. Sala in Househ. Words 17 Jan. 399/2 But where, sir, is the old original alderman pipe, the churchwarden's pipe, the unadulterated ‘yard of clay’? ] ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long churchwarden's pipe1832 churchwarden1840 long clay1841 yard of clay1842 churchwarden pipe1860 1860 Punch 6 Oct. 132/2 For my own part I admit that there are occasions when a churchwarden pipe and a wainscotted tap-room possess irresistible attractions for me. 1927 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Oct. 720/2 In the churchwarden pipe the opportunity for the nicotine to condense is such that the smoke is almost freed from the alkaloid. 2010 Uttoxeter Advertiser (Nexis) 2 June There's a dinner the night before Johnson's birthday and you smoke clay churchwarden pipes and eat steak and kidney pudding. churchwarden's pipe n. = churchwarden pipe n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > pipe > clay-pipe > long churchwarden's pipe1832 churchwarden1840 long clay1841 yard of clay1842 churchwarden pipe1860 1832 Times 20 Dec. 4/4 There he lighted an unusually long pipe, called a churchwarden's pipe, which..he said he had brought from the beer-shop. 1906 D. Sladen Carthage & Tunis II. ix. 438 Each had his separate tin saucepan with a handle as long as a churchwarden's pipe. 1986 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 19 June Mr Heaven's pipes..include plenty of ‘pumpkin’ pipes (Sherlock Holmes) and church warden's pipes—ones with long stems (Barnaby Rudge). Derivatives † churchwardened adj. Obsolete placed in the care of a churchwarden.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1598 E. Guilpin Skialetheia sig. C7 A new painted, and churchwarden'd fane. churchˈwardenism n. now rare the practice of restoring churches in the ‘churchwarden’ style (see Compounds 1); an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun] > rule of churchwardenism1829 1829 Gentleman's Mag. 99 602/2 Mr. Oliver's subsequent account of the church ends, as most church descriptions do, in the mutilations of church-wardenism. 1865 Cornhill Mag. June 737 The genius of churchwardenism ruled in the vestries, and presided over the destruction or defacement of much. 1880 J. Puckle Church & Fortress Dover Castle i. 1 Remnants of Mediæval Churchwardenisms..often as bad as any of the Nineteenth Century. 1905 J. E. Hodgson & F. A. Eaton Royal Acad. & its Members ix. 137 As late as the reign of Anne every building erected..was beautified by an exquisite sense of proportion; and then the dismal night of churchwardenism overwhelmed the land. churchˈwardenize v. now rare (transitive) to restore (a church or architectural feature) in the ‘churchwarden’ style (see Compounds 1); usually in passive. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > damage > [verb (transitive)] churchwardenize1830 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [verb (transitive)] > treat in specific style Gothicize1798 Wreneanize1813 churchwardenize1830 castellate1840 Palladianize1893 Tudorize1986 1830 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 16/2 No building has suffered more from being ‘churchwardenized’, than the fine old Church of Hexham. 1863 Sat. Rev. 15 669/1 Buildings..although much churchwardenized, still possessing great architectural interest. 1902 Murray's Handbk. Berks. 120 The chancel windows have been..churchwardenised. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1443
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