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单词 cistern
释义

cisternn.

Brit. /ˈsɪstən/, U.S. /ˈsɪstərn/
Forms: α. Middle English–1600s cysterne, cisterne, cestern(e, Middle English–1500s cestren, 1500s cestarne, 1500s–1600s cestron, Middle English– cistern; β. Middle English systerne, sisterne, Middle English–1600s sesterne, Middle English systern, 1500s sestron, sestrone, sestarne, sesturn, 1500s–1600s sestourne, 1600s sestorne.
Etymology: < Old French cisterne (modern citerne, compare Spanish and Italian citerna, Provençal cisterna) < Latin cisterna a subterraneous reservoir, cistern, derivative of cista box, basket, etc.: compare caverna.
1. An artificial reservoir for the storage of water; esp. a watertight tank in a high part of a building, whence the taps in various parts of it are supplied.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > constructed reservoir > cistern
cisternessea1325
cistern1382
spurgelc1450
sestern1534
vault1552
reservoir1728
impluvium1823
well-cistern1869
feed-tank1886
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > receptacle > for liquids
vata1225
vessel1340
cistern1382
reservoir1686
tank1690
pressure tank1862
storage tank1897
pillow tank1951
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxxvii. 22 Throw ȝe him into the olde sisterne, that is in wildernes.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 111 No welle is wiþinne Jerusalem, but watres i-gadred, and i-kept in cisternes.
1387 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 2 Þe sesterne þat longeþ to the stuys.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8206 Þe king abute þam was ful gern, And putt þam [sc. wands] in-til a cistern.
1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1841) 353 Paied to a carpenter for mendynge of a systern iij.d.
?c1500 Will in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 335 Oon sestron of leed.
1536 Cockersand Chartul. (Chetham Soc.) III. ii. 1179 Item oone grete Sestrone of ledd at xx s.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xvii. sig. Eiv If your Sestourne or place be not to be seene at the Spring head.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. lvi. 50 The towne is stor'd of troughes and cestrens, made To keepe fresh water.
1611 Bible (King James) Jer. ii. 13 Broken cisternes . View more context for this quotation
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. vi. 13 They have Cesterns to receive the Rain-water.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 124 On the top of it is a cistern..and from this reservoir the water is distributed all over the house.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 46 The consumption of lead for..cisterns..is very extensive.
2. Applied to various large vessels for water or liquor.
a. A vessel for washing or soaking in; a laver. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > washing the hands > vessel for washing the hands (and face)
washela1375
laverc1394
washing-bowl1530
washpot1535
washing-basin1538
cistern1577
lavacre1657
lavatorya1676
chillumchee1715
wash-hand basin1760
wash-dish1805
washbasin1812
wash-bowl1816
chamber set1824
toilet bowl1850
wash-pan1851
lavatory basin1854
wash sink1857
lavatory bowl1872
wash-trough1902
pedestal basin1967
pedestal washbasin1967
vanity basin1972
w.h.b.1975
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 28v My Barley is fyrst steeped in a Sestorne of water a day or two.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 165 Brasen Images which Salomon made to beare vp the Cesterne of the Temple.
1744 J. Armstrong Art of preserving Health iii. 79 The gelid cistern.
1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 332 Beautiful cisterns of black and red marble with cocks for washing in.
b. A large vessel or basin, often richly ornamented, used at the dinner-table. Obsolete.Dr. Mynors Bright, in note to quot. 1667, says ‘a cistern was formerly part of the furniture of a well-appointed dining-room: the plates were rinsed in it when necessary during the meal’. But evidence of its purpose is wanting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > ornamental dish
cistern1603
epergne1761
1603 Inventory 29 Mar. in J. Gage Hist. & Antiq. Hengrave, Suffolk (1822) 27 One greate coppr sestourne to stand at the coobard.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 7 Sept. (1974) VIII. 424 I to see the price of a Copper Cesterne for the table, which is very pretty; and they demand 6 or 7l for one.
1695 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 563 A silver cystern, worth above £700, belonging to the princesse of Denmark, is stole from Berkley house.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 16 Aug. (1965) I. 253 I..wish'd even she her selfe converted into dressing plate, and a great St. Christopher I imagine'd would have look'd very well in a Cistern.
1884 Christian World 19 June 458/1 What is called a ‘cistern’ of Palissy fetched 1,050 guineas.
c. A vessel or receptacle for holding a large supply of liquor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor
jubbec1386
hogshead1390
justc1400
keel1485
muida1492
tree1513
quarter pipe?1763
cistern1815
wood1822
ox-head1888
1815 J. Nichols Hist. Leicester i. ii. 128 An oval cistern of punch containing 50 gallons.
a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi A cistern containing a hundred and twenty gallons of punch was emptied to his Majesty's health.
3. Applied to a pond, or a natural reservoir or depression containing water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > natural reservoir
cisterna1616
costern1633
tank1678
reservoir1732
water pit1800
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. v. 96 So halfe my Egypt were submerg'd and made A Cesterne for scal'd Snakes. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iv. §6 Cisterns supposed to be in the earth, especially in mountains, which may keep a stream continually running.
1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 29 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 286 The wonderfull fountain..being in a great subterraneous grotto runs into a cistern without ever filling it.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 204 Lakes..are real reservoirs, or cisterns of water.
1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 37 The channels from which the subterranean cistern has been supplied.
4. Applied to a cavity, or vessel in an organism; formerly esp. to the fourth ventricle of the brain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > indentation or cavity > [noun] > depression or cavity
pita1275
holec1300
cella1398
den1398
follicle?a1425
purse?a1425
pocketa1450
fossac1475
cystis1543
trench1565
conceptory1576
vesike1577
vesicle1578
vault1594
socket1601
bladderet1615
cistern1615
cavern1626
ventricle1641
bladder1661
antrum1684
conceptaculum1691
capsule1693
cellule1694
loculus1694
sinus1704
vesicula1705
vesica1706
fosse1710
pouch1712
cyst1721
air chamber1725
fossula1733
alveole1739
sac1741
sacculus1749
locule1751
compartment1772
air cell1774
fossule1803
umbilicus1811
conceptacle1819
cœlia1820
utricle1822
air sac1835
saccule1836
ampulla1845
vacuole1853
scrobicule1880
faveolus1882
the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > ventricles > specific ventricles
fourth ventricle1578
cistern1615
procoelia1881
Sylvian ventricle1890
thalamocœle1899
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 478 The cauity which they call the Cisterne, yea..the fourth ventricle.
1675 N. Grew Compar. Anat. Trunks ii. i. 47 The Vesiculae of the parenchyma, are as so many Cisterns of liquor.
1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Lumbar cistern, the Receptaculum chyli. Lymphatic cistern..the lymph sacs of the Amphibia.
5. figurative.
a. simply figurative.
ΚΠ
1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. v. i. 132 Euerie vocation striveth with other which of them should have all the water of commoditie run into hir owne cesterne.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 64 The Cesterne of my Lust. View more context for this quotation
1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman iv. 32 She that filleth the Cisterne of his lauish expence, at the Vniuersitie, or Innes of Court.
a1708 W. Beveridge Private Thoughts Relig. (1709) 58 A continued stream of Corruption..from the corrupt Cistern of my Heart.
1822 W. Hazlitt Men & Manners (1869) 2nd Ser. viii. 167 Our universities are, in a great measure, become cisterns to hold, not conduits to disperse knowledge.
b. poetical extensions.
ΚΠ
1594 1st Pt. Raigne Selimus sig. F3 How can Aga weepe?.. Wanting the watry cesternes of his eyes?
a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) v. i. 46 Makes the Campe, a Cestron Brymd with the blood of men. View more context for this quotation
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island vi. xliv. 75 Neptunes cestern sucks in tribute tides.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 33 Our Funeral Tears, from different Causes, rise. As if, from separate Cisterns in the Soul..They flow.
6. technical in various senses, as in Malting, the water-tank in which grain is soaked; in barometers, etc., the mercury-cup; in steam-engines (see quot. 1849); in Mining, a tank in the mine-shaft into which a pump delivers water for another pump to raise; in Glass-making = cuvette n.1 3; etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > malting > [noun] > steeping grain > vessel for
cistern1702
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > barometer > parts of
mercury1660
receiver1682
register plate1688
weather-plate1698
cistern1702
stagnum1705
1702 Royal Proclm. 8 Mar. in London Gaz. No. 3790/4 Every Cistern..or other Vessel..made use of for the Wetting or Steeping of Corn.
1708 Phillips's New World of Words Cistern..Among Confectioners, a portable Instrument in form of a Box, into which Jellies, Creams, etc. are put in order to be Iced.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Barometer Pendant Barometer..has no Vessel or Cistern.
1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. i. 102/2 Cistern, in the steam engine, the vessel which surrounds the condenser, and contains the injection water.
1860 Adm. Fitz-Roy in Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 358 The cistern of a barometer.
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Cistern.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
cistern-bottom n.
ΚΠ
1566 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 112 Altar stones..turned..to a cestron bottom.
cistern-cock n.
cistern-filter n.
cistern-water n.
cistern-well n.
cistern-wheel n.
ΚΠ
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 146 Asses..That tread the circuit of the cistern wheel.
C2.
cistern-barometer n. a barometer whose tube is immersed in a cup of mercury.
cistern-pump n. (see quot.).
ΚΠ
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Cistern-pump, a small pump..for pumping water from the moderate depth of a cistern.
cistern-work n. masonry consisting of stones extending the entire thickness of the wall.
ΚΠ
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 156 Two Conduits..built with well chisseled Stone, in staunch Cistern Work.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cisternv.

Etymology: < cistern n.
Now rare.
transitive. To enclose in, or fit with, a cistern. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > in or as in other specific receptacle or enclosure
casea1525
to case up1566
chamber1568
bag1570
embower1580
cistern1587
bower1599
casket1603
entemple1603
immould1610
incavern1611
incave1615
chest1616
enchest1632
intrunk1633
labyrinth1637
caverna1640
cabinetc1642
ark1644
to box in1745
lantern1789
cauldron1791
cave1816
pocket1833
castle1871
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1354/1 The conducting of Thames water, cesterning the same in lead, [etc.].
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 210 This Conduite..was conueyed..to this place in the Citie,..it was castellated with stone and cesterned in leade.
1881 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets 223 Cisterned in Pride, verse is the feathery jet Of soulless air-flung fountains.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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