Church and Kingn.int.
/ˌtʃəːtʃ (ə)n(d) ˈkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˌtʃərtʃ ən ˈkɪŋ/ British History.
Originally: a slogan of the supporters of the Stuart monarchy and of the Church of England. Later also: a slogan of the loyalist reactionaries, or anti-Jacobins, of the late 18th cent. Also as int.
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1609 A. Gardyne Garden Grave & Godlie Flowres sig. B3 To Church and King, what detriment and skaith, The breaths-abridging Burrio does bring.]
1696 Procession (single sheet) The Church and King, one bawl'd aloud, And straight was follow'd by the Crowd.
1697 Trial & Determination of Truth 41 Huzza! Huzza! Church and King! Church and King!
1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 68 Each craving Stomach was well-store'd, And Church and King, had travell'd round the Board.
1791 N.-Y. Mag. Sept. 547/1 A mob..set fire to Dr. Priestley's new church..—Vociferating ‘Church and King’ they spread terror wherever they appeared.
1856 J. Noake Notes & Queries for Worcs. 113 In this city and county they [sc. the Quakers] were apparently pursued with great severity after the restoration of ‘Church and King’.
1902 D. W. Barrett Sketches Church Life in Essex & Herts. xxiv. 278 The watchword of the first general election of the reign of Charles II. was ‘Church and King’.
1991 R. Brown Church & State in Mod. Brit., 1700–1850 xi. 319 The London crowd was clearly motivated by ‘Church and King’ rather than radical-political issues.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
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1791 Let. 16 July in Authentic Acct. Riots in Birmingham 49 The Real True Blue, which is the Church and King party.
1812 Belfast Monthly Mag. May 415/2 They who are accustomed to look back at the transactions of former days will find that the Church and King rioters of Birmingham..did not highly excite the indignation of the vigorous, or rigorous administration of Pitt and his colleagues.
1828 New Monthly Mag. 22 260 When the Church and King rabble of Birmingham carried desolation through the country almost unchecked, Parr was himself threatened, but he never flinched.
1878 C. J. Abbey & J. H. Overton Eng. Church in 18th Cent. iv. 407 He joined heart and soul in the ‘Church and King’ cry.
1912 Trans. Lancs & Cheshire Antiquarian Soc. 1911 29 103 A Jacobite, or at least a Church and King ancestry.
2002 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 74 156 The resurgence of the political divisions based in religion during the American and French Revolutions, including the Gordon riots and the Church and King riots.
C2.
church-and-king man n. (also with capital initials) a supporter of the monarchy and of the Church of England; a loyalist; a reactionary.
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1792 ‘J. Nott’ Appeal to Inhabitants of Birmingham 40 Let's us join in wishing confusion to those, Who, tho' Church and King men are Englishmen's foes.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. iii. 26 A staunch, unflinching Church-and-Kingman.
1973 J. Miller Popery & Politics in Eng. 1660–1688 v. 91 He [sc. Charles II] had to respect the prejudices of his servants and supporters—the ‘church and king’ men, the old Cavaliers, the Tories.
2006 A. Cromartie Constit. Revol. vii. 220 ‘Patriot’ acquired the connotations..that the staunch church-and-king man Dr Johnson would see as the last refuge of a scoundrel.
Church and King Mob n. (also with lower-case initials) a group of loyalist reactionaries, esp. anti-Jacobins, of the late 18th cent.
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?1793 T. Bigge Considerations on State of Parties 21 The marked lenity with which the leaders of the Church and King mobs at Birmingham and other places had been treated.
1851 A. Prentice Hist. Sketches & Personal Recoll. Manch. i. 5 However little progress liberal opinions might have made, it was impossible then to get up a church-and-king mob.
1916 S. Cadman Three Relig. Leaders Oxf. ix. 398 A hundred and fifty thousand men met at Birmingham, formerly the scene of the depredations of a Church and King mob which destroyed Dr. Priestley's house.
2004 Internat. Hist. Rev. 26 820 Church and King mobs in the late eighteenth century attacked Nonconformists as well as Catholics.
Derivatives
ˌChurch and ˈKingism n. support for the monarchy and the Church of England; loyalism; esp. = anti-Jacobinism n.
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1794 ‘I. Morganwg’ Let. June in R. Hutton Blood & Mistletoe (2009) v. 155 I am a friend to every Church that..is not degenerated into the rank idolatry of Church-and-Kingism.
1851 Tracts Liverpool Financial Reform Assoc. No. 32. 43 The working people, who had generally been Tories from the time the name was known, were tumultuously vehement in their Church-and-Kingism at this period [sc. the 1790s].
2005 C. A. Charnell-White in G. H. Jenkins Rattleskull Genius 377 A vicar's wife..was considered to represent the ‘Church and Kingism’ he so heartily despised.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.int.1696