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单词 cis-
释义

cis-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element.
Etymology: < Latin cis preposition ‘on this side of’, opposed to trans or ultra , across, beyond; also used in combination as in cis-alpīnus , cis-montānus , lying on this side the Alps or the mountains, cis-rhenānus on this side the Rhine, cis-tiberis on this side the Tiber. The two first of these esp. continued in use in medieval Latin in reference to Rome and Italy, whence Italian cisalpino , French cisalpin , cismontain , cisalpine adj., cismontane adj.
1. In modern use, either as adaptations of Latin, or formed on the adjectives belonging to modern names.The evidence shows considerable variation in the use of capital or lower-case initial in both elements of these combinations.
cis-andine adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈandʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈænˌdaɪn/
on this side of the Andes.
ΚΠ
1876 J. Orton Andes & Amazon (ed. 3) ii. xxxvii. 488 All the great forests of South America are cisandine.
cis-atlantic adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsətˈlantɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsətˈlæn(t)ɪk/
on this side of the Atlantic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [adjective] > Atlantic Ocean > on this side of
cis-atlantic1785
1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 118 I only mean to suggest a doubt,..whether nature has enlisted herself as a Cis- or Trans-Atlantic partisan?
1805 ‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unveiled iii. 72 Our poetical and rhetorical flourishes from Cis-Atlantic sources.
1823 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 381 Our second [maxim should be], never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with cis-Atlantic affairs.
1884 J. Parker in Christian World 9 Oct. 764/2 Churches cisatlantic and transatlantic.
1932 Scrutiny 1 72 The New Republic exerts itself to perform these offices as no cis-Atlantic periodical.
cis-atlantically adv.
Brit. /ˌsɪsətˈlantᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsətˈlæn(t)ᵻk(ə)li/
ΚΠ
1909 Daily Chron. 23 June 3/2 In any case, it is not cis-Atlantically true.
cis-bedpost adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈbɛdpəʊst/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈbɛdˌpoʊst/
ΚΠ
1864 Miss Cornwallis in Sat. Rev. XVIII. 463 Pray tell me about the trans-bedpost regions; my whole concern at present is the cis-bedpost—a very narrow domain.
cis-border adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈbɔːdə/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈbɔrdər/
ΚΠ
1901 19th Cent. Apr. 711 Raised in fixed proportion from the transborder and cis-border clans.
cis-caspian adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈkaspɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈkæspiən/
ΚΠ
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 5/2 The Ciscaspian steppes.
cis-danubian adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsdəˈnjuːbɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsdəˈnjubiən/
ΚΠ
1859 T. De Quincey Cæsars (rev. ed.) in Wks. X. 168 Homes had been obtained by Trans-Danubian barbarians upon the Cis-Danubian territory of Rome.
cis-elysian adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsᵻˈlɪzɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsəˈlɪʒ(i)ən/
,
/ˌsɪsəˈliʒ(i)ən/
ΚΠ
1887 R. L. Stevenson Underwoods i. xiij. 26 Cis-Elysian river-shores.
cis-equatorial adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsɛkwəˈtɔːrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˌɛkwəˈtɔriəl/
ΚΠ
1855–60 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea ix. §447 The waters of cis-equatorial seas.
cis-gangetic adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsɡanˈdʒɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˌɡænˈdʒɛdɪk/
ΚΠ
1817 H. T. Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. 12 352 Between the cis-gangetic and trans-gangetic regions.
cis-Indus adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈɪndəs/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈɪndəs/
ΚΠ
1907 New Reformer Dec. 325 The..Cis-Indus Aryan world.
cis-leithan adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈlʌɪθn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈlaɪθ(ə)n/
on this side of the Leitha which separates Austria and Hungary.
ΚΠ
1870 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings IV. v. 202 The Cis-leithan populations.
1871 Daily News 21 Sept. Austria must either consent to let go her Cis-leithan provinces.
cis-lunar adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈluːnə/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈlunər/
on this side of the moon.
ΚΠ
1877 G. F. Chambers Handbk. Descr. Astron. (ed. 3) ii. vi. 214 If they are cis-lunar [rays].
1958 Gloss. Aero-Space Terms 7/2 Cislunar, of or pertaining to space between the earth and the orbit of the moon, or to a sphere of space centered on the earth with a radius equal to the distance between the earth and the moon.
1959 New Scientist 5 Mar. 499/2 What matters about this week's Pioneer IV Moonshot are the Geiger counters that it has been carrying for the further exploration of the atomic radiation in cis-lunar space.
cis-marine adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsməˈriːn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsməˈrin/
on this side of the sea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > on this side of the sea
cis-marine1713
cis-oceanic1886
1713 R. Bentley Remarks Disc. Free-thinking II. xxxvi. 8 Though they take the Cismarine Critic to their aid and assistance.
1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. ii. 34 Points..in favour of Cismontane Gothic for Cismarine England.
cis-oceanic adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsəʊʃɪˈanɪk/
,
/ˌsɪsəʊsɪˈanɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˌoʊʃiˈænɪk/
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > on this side of the sea
cis-marine1713
cis-oceanic1886
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Sept. 6/1 The generally accepted cis-oceanic ideas.
cis-padane adj.
Brit. /ˈsɪspədeɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈpeɪˌdeɪn/
,
/ˈsɪspəˌdeɪn/
on this side of the Po.
ΚΠ
1797 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France in Wks. VIII. 311 Is it to the Cispadane or to the Transpadane republicks..that we address all these pledges?
cis-platine adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈpleɪtʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈpleɪˌtaɪn/
ΚΠ
1880 Lib. Univ. Knowl. (N.Y.) IV. 13 [Uruguay] belonged to Brazil and had the name of the Cisplatine province.
cis-pontine adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈpɒntʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈpɑnˌtaɪn/
on this side of the bridges, viz., in London, north of the Thames.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [adjective] > in Britain > London
metropolitan1640
Londonized1832
Londonish1838
cis-pontine1860
Londonesque1862
Londony1884
1860 J. C. Byrne Undercurrents Overlooked I. 78 The..Metropolitan theatres, cispontine and transpontine.
1864 Realm 1 June 8 Made his bow before a cispontine audience.
cis-rhenane adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈrɛneɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈrɛˌneɪn/
on this side of the Rhine.
cis-Sutledge adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)sɪsˈsʌtlɛdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˈsətˌlɛdʒ/
ΚΠ
1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 237 Bhutseer, which borders the Cis-Sutledge provinces.
cis-uralian adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsjᵿˈreɪlɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsjʊˈreɪliən/
ΚΠ
1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 79/2 The Permians, or Cis-Uralian Finns.
2. transferred to time = Since, subsequent to.
cis-Elizabethan adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsᵻlɪzəˈbiːθn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsəˌlɪzəˈbiθ(ə)n/
,
/ˌsɪsiˌlɪzəˈbiθ(ə)n/
ΚΠ
1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 3 The modern school, which admits no cis-Elizabethan authority save Milton.
cis-reformation adj.
Brit. /ˌsɪsrɛfəˈmeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌsɪsˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Staff. 45 I place him confidently not a trans-, but Cis-reformation-man.
3. Chemistry. (Also without hyphen as a quasi-adj.) Designating a compound in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound; cis-trans isomerism, a form of isomerism in which in one isomer two identical groups are on the same side of the plane of a double bond whereas in the other isomer they are on opposite sides; so cis-trans isomer; (see also quot. 19642).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > isomerism > [noun] > stereo-isomerism > geometrical isomerism
cis-trans isomer1888
cis-trans isomerism1888
1888 A. Baeyer in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie CCXLV. 137 Ich schlage dafür die Bezeichnung ‘cis’ und ‘trans’ vor, welche andeuten sollen, dass der eine Bestandtheil diesseits und der andere jenseits der Ebene des Ringes befindlich ist.]
1888 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 54 1074 When treated with zinc-dust and glacial acetic acid, it yields the cis-hexa-hydro-acid.
1889 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 56 1177 The cis-acid and its salts are distinguished from the corresponding cistrans compounds by the greater solubility of the former.
1907 J. B. Cohen Org. Chem. Adv. Students I. 110 It exhibits lateral symmetry, and is known as the plane-symmetric, or, more commonly, as the cis or malenoid form.
1937 Nature 3 July 25/1 One would expect the cis form of ethylene iodide to be its normal condition.
1946 Ann. Reg. 1945 351 A new vitamin A has been described..as a cis-trans isomer of the Standard A at the double bond nearest the hydroxyl group.
1957 S. Benzer in McElroy & Glass Chem. Basis Hered. 71 A functional unit can be defined genetically..by means of the elegant cis-trans comparison... For the trans test, both mutant genomes are inserted in the same cell... It turns out that a group of non-complementary mutants falls within a limited segment of the genetic map. Such a map segment, corresponding to a function which is unitary as defined by the cis-trans test applied to the heterocaryon, will be referred to as a ‘cistron’.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. iii. 40 Maleic acid, which has the like groups on the same side of the double bond, is called the ‘cis’ isomer.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. iii. 41 This method of naming the isomers has led to the alternative name ‘cis-trans’ isomerism for geometrical isomerism.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. v. 84 trans-But-2-ene..cis-But-2-ene.
1964 D. Michie in G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 265 Two kinds of genotype identical in all respects except one: whether the two mutant sites are located in the same or in opposite chromosomes. In the first case the mutant sites are said to be in the trans..arrangement, and in the second case in the cis..arrangement. When a phenotypic difference is observed between the cis heterozygote..and the trans heterozygote,..this is known as the ‘cis-trans’ effect.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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