chlorinen.

Brit.

/ˈklɔːriːn/, U.S.

/ˈklɔˌrin/,

/ˈklɔrən/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek χλωρός , -ine suffix⁵.

Etymology: < ancient Greek χλωρός yellowish or light green (see chloro- comb. form¹) + -ine suffix⁵; named in 1810 by Sir Humphry Davy (see Davy n.¹), with allusion to the colour of the gas (compare quot. 1810). Compare German †Chlorine (1811 or earlier), and also French chlore (1814), German Chlor (1814 or earlier).

Chemistry.

a. A chemical element of the halogen series, atomic number 17, which is a yellowish-green, pungent gas with diatomic molecules (Cl₂), but is found in nature only in the form of its compounds, esp. common salt (sodium chloride). Symbol Cl.Chlorine was isolated by Scheele in 1774 and became known as oxymuriatic acid; its elementary nature was established by Davy in 1809–10. It is highly reactive and used in the manufacture of bleaches and of many inorganic and organic chemicals, and is added to water as a disinfectant. It acts as a powerful irritant and asphyxiant, and has been used as a chemical weapon, notably by the German and British armies during the First World War (1914–18).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > chlorine > [noun]

dephlogisticated marine acid1783

oxymuriatic acid1796

oxymuriatic gas1796

chlorine1810

Cl1833

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent

blancher1477

whitener1686

white steep1804

eau de Javelle1807

chlorine1810

animal charcoal1838

chemic1843

styrone1852

bleaching powder1854

oxygen1858

decolorizerc1865

still-liquor1866

bleach1898

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > [noun] > disinfectant > chemicals or solutions

eau de Javelle1807

chlorine1810

Labarraque1826

eau de Labarraque1831

carbolic acid1835

peruvin1849

styrone1852

Condy1857

Condy's fluid1857

carbolic1878

chinosol1896

Jeyes fluid1900

phenylmercuric nitrate1921

Dettol1931

hexachlorophene1948

1810 H. Davy in Trans. Royal Soc. 15 Nov. (1811) 32 It has been judged most proper..to call it Chlorine, or Chloric gas.

1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) I. i. xiv. 398 Chlorine..is supposed..to unite at once with the metals, without requiring..that the metals should be in the state of oxides.

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 56 The discovery of the disinfectant powers of chlorine.

1843 Southern Cultivator 20 Dec. 201/1 Plants by their living power select from the 55 elementary substances fifteen only; of these, three are gaseous, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen; one, chlorine, exists only as a compound.

1915 D. Haig Diary 22 Aug. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 138 The gas which we saw yesterday was chlorine, and is poisonous unless some protection in the way of gas helmets or respirators are used.

1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) iii. 53 Vinyl chloride..is a molecule with a structure similar to ethylene, except that one of the four hydrogens is replaced with chlorine.

1989 New Scientist 11 Feb. 34/2 In spring, the return of sunlight triggers photochemical reactions, involving chlorine, that destroy ozone.

b. An atom or ion of chlorine.

ΚΠ

1864 R. Macnamara Neligan's Medicines (ed. 6) 681 In the second stage of this process, on the addition of the solution of ammonia, the two chlorides of calcium are decomposed, the two chlorines uniting with the two ammoniums.

1884 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 46 996 Those chlorines can then be replaced by hydrogen, ethoxyl, the amido-group, &c., thus giving a large number of derivatives.

1921 J. J. Willaman Vocational Chem. 91 Two hydroxyls or two chlorines combine with one calcium, whereas it requires three of them to combine with one iron, and only one for a sodium, and so on.

1978 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context vii. 86 The four atoms in BCl₃ are in the same plane with the chlorines at the corners of a triangle—the shape is described as trigonal planar.

2009 C. A. Simpson & J. N. Sofos in R. Tarté Ingredients in Meat Products 323 Hypochlorite (OCl–), or bleach, is formed when a single chlorine binds a single oxygen.

2. A chlorine compound; a bleach or disinfectant containing a chlorine compound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > chlorine > [noun] > compounds > miscellaneous others

phosgene1812

dichloride1825

chlorine1832

oxychloride1840

chemic1843

chromyl chloride1869

auro-chloride1875

1832 Cholera Morbus in Rep. House of Representatives 22nd Congress, 1st. Sess. No. 225 14 Fumigations made with chlorines, were generally employed as means of disinfection, but experience does not justify us in speaking positively as to their efficacy.

1865 F. H. Hamilton Treat. Mil. Surg. & Hygiene 292 Tepid water slightly medicated with such disinfectants as the chlorines or the bromides, will answer the indications fully.

1922 Amer. Miller & Processor July 52/1 There are chlorines and chlorines just as there is flour and flour.

1978 Pop. Sci. July 112 Keep nylon Velcro out of acids or chlorines.

1994 Sun (Baltimore) Mag. 20 Mar. 23/2 One popular option [for sanitizing a pool] is a salt generator, which introduces chlorine into the pool automatically.

2013 Q. A. Acton Azo Compounds ii. 35 The combination of chlorines (e.g., a combination of chlorine, hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid and chlorine dioxide) has been proven to be many times more effective than common chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite).

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1811 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 23 Mar. 2/4 Chlorine gas and hydrogen (both simple substances) possessed, in some of their combinations with other simple bodies, the properties of acids.

1822 Monthly Gaz. Health 1 Sept. To Correspondents The ‘Scientific Discussions’..will be noticed in our next number, with the following works:..Mr. Wallace, on Chlorine Vapour [etc.].

1832 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 1 607/3 (advt.) Seidlitz powders, chloride of soda, chlorine tooth paste.

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 235 Two bromides of phosphorus..are known, corresponding in composition and properties with the chlorine compounds.

1918 Chem. News 27 Sept. 314/2 As on and from September 16, 1918, until further notice, no person shall produce or manufacture any chlorine or chlorine compounds in quantities exceeding in the aggregate one ton during any one calendar month except under a license issued by..the Minister of Munitions.

1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. li. 869 Chlorine..was found to be a mixture of two different chlorine atoms having atomic weights 35 and 37 respectively.

2010 Independent 8 Dec. (Life section) 10/1 We may dread the chill, the shrieking kids and the chlorine reek of the local baths, but dutifully haul ourselves up and down anyway.

C2.

a. In names of compounds. Cf. chloric adj., chlorous adj. 1.

ΚΠ

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 208 By decomposing chlorine bisulphide.

1888 Encycl. Brit. V. 495/1 Chlorine peroxide is gaseous at ordinary temperatures.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxiii. 273 When the saturated solution is cooled, chlorine hydrate, Cl₂,8H₂O, crystallises out in the form of regular octahedra.

1987 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 323 645 Relatively unstable molecules such as chlorine nitrate, pernitric acid and hypochlorous acid may persist long enough in the stratosphere to reduce the rate of ozone destruction.

chlorine dioxide n. a highly reactive yellowish-red gas, ClO₂, used esp. as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.

ΚΠ

1878 Encycl. Brit. V. 495/1 When fused potassium chlorate is carefully treated with concentrated sulphuric acid, chlorine dioxide or peroxide is evolved.

1973 J. Seymour & S. Seymour Self-sufficiency xi. 143 The flour then has various additives put to it: chlorine dioxide to bleach it to an even whiter-than-white whiteness.., ammonium persulphate, potassium bromide [etc.]

2002 H. Håkansson & A. Waluszewski Managing Technol. Devel. vi. 99 The oxygen pretreatment..made it possible to use chlorine dioxide instead of elementary chlorine in the final bleaching of the pulp.

chlorine monoxide n. (a) a chlorine oxide (dichlorine monoxide), Cl₂O, an unstable yellow or orangish gas, used in chemical synthesis as a chlorinating and oxidizing agent (also called hypochlorous anhydride) (now rare); (b) a free radical, ClO·, formed esp. in the upper atmosphere by the action of ultraviolet light on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and contributing to ozone depletion.

ΚΠ

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 196 (note) Chlorine monoxide or Hypochlorous oxide..Cl₂O.

1920 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (new ed.) 374 The acid produced by the solution in water of chlorine monoxide has a pale straw-yellow colour, and a very characteristic chlorous smell.

1982 Causes & Effects Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (National Res. Council) i. 17 Stratospheric concentrations of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) may be increased as a result of emissions of CFCs and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from human activities.

1999 H. Fielding in Age of Molecule (Royal Soc. Chem.) 101/1 It turns out that, because of its stability, chlorine monoxide is of immense importance in photochemical reactions where chlorine is incorporated into a molecule in the presence of oxygen.

2010 G. Rayner-Canham & T. Overton Descriptive Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) xvii. 469 The first of these is chlorine monoxide, which is environmentally important even though it exists only in the upper atmosphere.

chlorine tetroxide n. †(a) = chlorine dioxide n. (obsolete rare); (b) any of several unstable or hypothetical oxides believed to contain chlorine in the +7 oxidation state, as ClO₄, thought to exist only as a reaction intermediate, and ClOClO₃ (dichlorine tetroxide or chlorine perchlorate), a pale greenish liquid which decomposes at room temperature.

ΚΠ

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 198 Chlorine tetroxide has a powerful odour.

1923 M. Gomberg in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 45 399 Until further experimental evidence of more positive character shall have been obtained, the new oxide will be designated simply as (ClO₄)_x, and will be spoken of in this paper as chlorine tetra-oxide.

1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1207 Chlorine tetroxide, (ClO₄)_n. The existence of this oxide is not certain.

1998 Jrnl. Photochem. & Photobiol. A. 112 97/2 Ab initio theoretical calculations have been performed to interpret the structure and properties of the chlorine tetroxide radical.

2001 K. H. Stern High Temperature Prop. Inorg. Salts Oxyanions vii. 209 Reacting the metal with an ethereal solution of chlorine tetroxide.

chlorine trioxide n. (a) an oxide of chlorine (dichlorine trioxide), Cl₂O₃, which is a brown crystalline substance at low temperatures and is explosively unstable; (b) a dark red oxide of chlorine formed by the reaction of chlorine dioxide and ozone, existing as a dimeric gas, Cl₂O₆, or as an ionic liquid or solid, [ClO₂⁺ClO₄⁻] (dichlorine hexoxide.)

ΚΠ

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 196 (note) Chlorine trioxide or Chlorous oxide..Cl₂O₃.

1900 S. P. Sadtler & V. Coblentz Text-bk. Chem. (ed. 3) I. 242 Chlorine trioxide is a yellowish-green gas with a very irritating odor. This gas is easily condensed to a red-brown liquid, which explodes, on the slightest provocation, with great violence.

2007 P. Patnaik Comprehensive Guide Hazardous Prop. Chem. Substances (ed. 3) 138/1 It [sc. ethanol] can explode with..chlorine trioxide.

C3.

chlorine-free adj.

ΚΠ

1865 J. L. Bullock & A. Vacher tr. C. R. Fresenius Syst. Instr. Quantitative Chem. Anal. (ed. 4) 450 As chlorine-free lime is easily obtainable (by burning marble), this body is usually preferred to effect the decomposition.

1909 Lancet 30 Oct. 174/1 Under a chlorine-free dietary the expectoration diminished but it increased again when a diet containing chlorides was tried.

2007 N.Y. Mag. 22 Jan. 49/1 Collins thought of using PEVA, a type of chlorine-free plastic, to make her own rain shield.

chlorine-resistant adj.

ΚΠ

1906 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 27 105 A number of compositions are described... Water proof... Oil Proof... Chlorine Resistant.

1979 S. E. Jørgensen Industr. Waste Water Managem. ix. 126 Ozone has the advantage of being effective against some chlorine resistant pathogens.

2004 Zest Dec. 51/1 The UK has regular outbreaks of a chlorine-resistant, diarrhoea-causing bug called cryptosporidium.

C4.

chlorine bleach n. any of various types of bleach in which the active component is a chlorine compound (typically sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, or sodium chlorite).

ΚΠ

1869 Monthly Rep. Dept. Agric. Mar.–Apr. 138 After a given time we have a pure, limpid, strong eight and one-half to ten degree Baumé chlorine bleach, free of acid, free of chloride of lime, or any other deleterious or injurious agents.

1947 Rotarian July 41/1 [This]..new textile finishing agent..provides protection against the tenderizing effects of chlorine bleaches.

2005 C. Mendelson Laundry i. x. 149 To disinfect clothes and linens that cannot tolerate chlorine bleach, the use of quaternary compounds or pine oil or other phenolic disinfectants is sometimes suggested.

chlorine gas n. the yellowish-green gas consisting of diatomic molecules of chlorine, which is highly reactive and toxic, and used as a chemical reagent, disinfectant, and, esp. in the First World War (1914–18), chemical weapon (see also sense 1a).

ΚΠ

1811chlorine gas [see Compounds 1].

1915 Times 11 May 5/2 I have also seen men..suffering from excruciating tortures and distress caused by the devilish gas launched against our forces by the barbarous and inhuman German scientists, the precise nature of which is not at present known for certain.., though chlorine gas undoubtedly enters largely into its composition.

1944 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 954. 6 Chlorine gas..has long been used in the purification of city water supplies and swimming pools and the disinfection of tannery effluents.

2008 S. D. Tuorinsky et al. Med. Aspects Chem. Warfare 66/2 A raid in Fallujah in late February 2007 revealed a homegrown factory for car bombs and cylinders of toxic chlorine gas and other chemicals.

chlorine tablet n. a soluble tablet containing a chlorine compound, used to disinfect water.

ΚΠ

1906 Patents for Inventions: Abridgm. Specif. Class 49, Food Prep. & Preserving: 1901–4 41/1 The liquid is dechlorinated by tablets of sodium sulphite or hyposulphite, which may be combined with the chlorine tablets by some adhesive substance, or may form the core of the latter.

1951 Pop. Mech. Sept. 147/1 According to tests, the new tablets, which contain iodine, are more effective against amoebic and other forms of dysentery than the old chlorine tablets.

2011 M. Stein When Disaster Strikes viii. 208 Chlorine tablets containing the necessary dosage for drinking water disinfection can be purchased in a commercially prepared form.

chlorine water n. water infused with chlorine gas (which partially disproportionates in solution to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids).

ΚΠ

1823 C. Mackenzie Five Thousand Receipts 252/2 Add to the wine a sufficient quantity of a strong solution of chlorine water, (oxygenated muriatic acid) until it is changed to a yellow colour.

1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 104/1 On the addition of chlorine-water.

2009 D. D. Ratnayaka et al. Twort's Water Supply (ed. 6) xi. 457 For large new transmission mains and reservoirs chlorine water from a gas chlorinator might be injected.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	chlorine
释义	chlorinen. Brit. /ˈklɔːriːn/, U.S. /ˈklɔˌrin/, /ˈklɔrən/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek χλωρός , -ine suffix⁵. Etymology: < ancient Greek χλωρός yellowish or light green (see chloro- comb. form¹) + -ine suffix⁵; named in 1810 by Sir Humphry Davy (see Davy n.¹), with allusion to the colour of the gas (compare quot. 1810). Compare German †Chlorine (1811 or earlier), and also French chlore (1814), German Chlor (1814 or earlier). Chemistry. 1. a. A chemical element of the halogen series, atomic number 17, which is a yellowish-green, pungent gas with diatomic molecules (Cl₂), but is found in nature only in the form of its compounds, esp. common salt (sodium chloride). Symbol Cl.Chlorine was isolated by Scheele in 1774 and became known as oxymuriatic acid; its elementary nature was established by Davy in 1809–10. It is highly reactive and used in the manufacture of bleaches and of many inorganic and organic chemicals, and is added to water as a disinfectant. It acts as a powerful irritant and asphyxiant, and has been used as a chemical weapon, notably by the German and British armies during the First World War (1914–18). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > chlorine > [noun] dephlogisticated marine acid1783 oxymuriatic acid1796 oxymuriatic gas1796 chlorine1810 Cl1833 the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > bleaching agent blancher1477 whitener1686 white steep1804 eau de Javelle1807 chlorine1810 animal charcoal1838 chemic1843 styrone1852 bleaching powder1854 oxygen1858 decolorizerc1865 still-liquor1866 bleach1898 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > [noun] > disinfectant > chemicals or solutions eau de Javelle1807 chlorine1810 Labarraque1826 eau de Labarraque1831 carbolic acid1835 peruvin1849 styrone1852 Condy1857 Condy's fluid1857 carbolic1878 chinosol1896 Jeyes fluid1900 phenylmercuric nitrate1921 Dettol1931 hexachlorophene1948 1810 H. Davy in Trans. Royal Soc. 15 Nov. (1811) 32 It has been judged most proper..to call it Chlorine, or Chloric gas. 1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) I. i. xiv. 398 Chlorine..is supposed..to unite at once with the metals, without requiring..that the metals should be in the state of oxides. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 56 The discovery of the disinfectant powers of chlorine. 1843 Southern Cultivator 20 Dec. 201/1 Plants by their living power select from the 55 elementary substances fifteen only; of these, three are gaseous, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen; one, chlorine, exists only as a compound. 1915 D. Haig Diary 22 Aug. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 138 The gas which we saw yesterday was chlorine, and is poisonous unless some protection in the way of gas helmets or respirators are used. 1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) iii. 53 Vinyl chloride..is a molecule with a structure similar to ethylene, except that one of the four hydrogens is replaced with chlorine. 1989 New Scientist 11 Feb. 34/2 In spring, the return of sunlight triggers photochemical reactions, involving chlorine, that destroy ozone. b. An atom or ion of chlorine. ΚΠ 1864 R. Macnamara Neligan's Medicines (ed. 6) 681 In the second stage of this process, on the addition of the solution of ammonia, the two chlorides of calcium are decomposed, the two chlorines uniting with the two ammoniums. 1884 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 46 996 Those chlorines can then be replaced by hydrogen, ethoxyl, the amido-group, &c., thus giving a large number of derivatives. 1921 J. J. Willaman Vocational Chem. 91 Two hydroxyls or two chlorines combine with one calcium, whereas it requires three of them to combine with one iron, and only one for a sodium, and so on. 1978 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context vii. 86 The four atoms in BCl₃ are in the same plane with the chlorines at the corners of a triangle—the shape is described as trigonal planar. 2009 C. A. Simpson & J. N. Sofos in R. Tarté Ingredients in Meat Products 323 Hypochlorite (OCl–), or bleach, is formed when a single chlorine binds a single oxygen. 2. A chlorine compound; a bleach or disinfectant containing a chlorine compound. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > chlorine > [noun] > compounds > miscellaneous others phosgene1812 dichloride1825 chlorine1832 oxychloride1840 chemic1843 chromyl chloride1869 auro-chloride1875 1832 Cholera Morbus in Rep. House of Representatives 22nd Congress, 1st. Sess. No. 225 14 Fumigations made with chlorines, were generally employed as means of disinfection, but experience does not justify us in speaking positively as to their efficacy. 1865 F. H. Hamilton Treat. Mil. Surg. & Hygiene 292 Tepid water slightly medicated with such disinfectants as the chlorines or the bromides, will answer the indications fully. 1922 Amer. Miller & Processor July 52/1 There are chlorines and chlorines just as there is flour and flour. 1978 Pop. Sci. July 112 Keep nylon Velcro out of acids or chlorines. 1994 Sun (Baltimore) Mag. 20 Mar. 23/2 One popular option [for sanitizing a pool] is a salt generator, which introduces chlorine into the pool automatically. 2013 Q. A. Acton Azo Compounds ii. 35 The combination of chlorines (e.g., a combination of chlorine, hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid and chlorine dioxide) has been proven to be many times more effective than common chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite). Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1811 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 23 Mar. 2/4 Chlorine gas and hydrogen (both simple substances) possessed, in some of their combinations with other simple bodies, the properties of acids. 1822 Monthly Gaz. Health 1 Sept. To Correspondents The ‘Scientific Discussions’..will be noticed in our next number, with the following works:..Mr. Wallace, on Chlorine Vapour [etc.]. 1832 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 1 607/3 (advt.) Seidlitz powders, chloride of soda, chlorine tooth paste. 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 235 Two bromides of phosphorus..are known, corresponding in composition and properties with the chlorine compounds. 1918 Chem. News 27 Sept. 314/2 As on and from September 16, 1918, until further notice, no person shall produce or manufacture any chlorine or chlorine compounds in quantities exceeding in the aggregate one ton during any one calendar month except under a license issued by..the Minister of Munitions. 1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. li. 869 Chlorine..was found to be a mixture of two different chlorine atoms having atomic weights 35 and 37 respectively. 2010 Independent 8 Dec. (Life section) 10/1 We may dread the chill, the shrieking kids and the chlorine reek of the local baths, but dutifully haul ourselves up and down anyway. C2. a. In names of compounds. Cf. chloric adj., chlorous adj. 1. ΚΠ 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 208 By decomposing chlorine bisulphide. 1888 Encycl. Brit. V. 495/1 Chlorine peroxide is gaseous at ordinary temperatures. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxiii. 273 When the saturated solution is cooled, chlorine hydrate, Cl₂,8H₂O, crystallises out in the form of regular octahedra. 1987 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 323 645 Relatively unstable molecules such as chlorine nitrate, pernitric acid and hypochlorous acid may persist long enough in the stratosphere to reduce the rate of ozone destruction. b. chlorine dioxide n. a highly reactive yellowish-red gas, ClO₂, used esp. as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. ΚΠ 1878 Encycl. Brit. V. 495/1 When fused potassium chlorate is carefully treated with concentrated sulphuric acid, chlorine dioxide or peroxide is evolved. 1973 J. Seymour & S. Seymour Self-sufficiency xi. 143 The flour then has various additives put to it: chlorine dioxide to bleach it to an even whiter-than-white whiteness.., ammonium persulphate, potassium bromide [etc.] 2002 H. Håkansson & A. Waluszewski Managing Technol. Devel. vi. 99 The oxygen pretreatment..made it possible to use chlorine dioxide instead of elementary chlorine in the final bleaching of the pulp. chlorine monoxide n. (a) a chlorine oxide (dichlorine monoxide), Cl₂O, an unstable yellow or orangish gas, used in chemical synthesis as a chlorinating and oxidizing agent (also called hypochlorous anhydride) (now rare); (b) a free radical, ClO·, formed esp. in the upper atmosphere by the action of ultraviolet light on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and contributing to ozone depletion. ΚΠ 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 196 (note) Chlorine monoxide or Hypochlorous oxide..Cl₂O. 1920 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. (new ed.) 374 The acid produced by the solution in water of chlorine monoxide has a pale straw-yellow colour, and a very characteristic chlorous smell. 1982 Causes & Effects Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (National Res. Council) i. 17 Stratospheric concentrations of chlorine monoxide (ClO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) may be increased as a result of emissions of CFCs and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from human activities. 1999 H. Fielding in Age of Molecule (Royal Soc. Chem.) 101/1 It turns out that, because of its stability, chlorine monoxide is of immense importance in photochemical reactions where chlorine is incorporated into a molecule in the presence of oxygen. 2010 G. Rayner-Canham & T. Overton Descriptive Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) xvii. 469 The first of these is chlorine monoxide, which is environmentally important even though it exists only in the upper atmosphere. chlorine tetroxide n. †(a) = chlorine dioxide n. (obsolete rare); (b) any of several unstable or hypothetical oxides believed to contain chlorine in the +7 oxidation state, as ClO₄, thought to exist only as a reaction intermediate, and ClOClO₃ (dichlorine tetroxide or chlorine perchlorate), a pale greenish liquid which decomposes at room temperature. ΚΠ 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 198 Chlorine tetroxide has a powerful odour. 1923 M. Gomberg in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 45 399 Until further experimental evidence of more positive character shall have been obtained, the new oxide will be designated simply as (ClO₄)_x, and will be spoken of in this paper as chlorine tetra-oxide. 1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1207 Chlorine tetroxide, (ClO₄)_n. The existence of this oxide is not certain. 1998 Jrnl. Photochem. & Photobiol. A. 112 97/2 Ab initio theoretical calculations have been performed to interpret the structure and properties of the chlorine tetroxide radical. 2001 K. H. Stern High Temperature Prop. Inorg. Salts Oxyanions vii. 209 Reacting the metal with an ethereal solution of chlorine tetroxide. chlorine trioxide n. (a) an oxide of chlorine (dichlorine trioxide), Cl₂O₃, which is a brown crystalline substance at low temperatures and is explosively unstable; (b) a dark red oxide of chlorine formed by the reaction of chlorine dioxide and ozone, existing as a dimeric gas, Cl₂O₆, or as an ionic liquid or solid, [ClO₂⁺ClO₄⁻] (dichlorine hexoxide.) ΚΠ 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 196 (note) Chlorine trioxide or Chlorous oxide..Cl₂O₃. 1900 S. P. Sadtler & V. Coblentz Text-bk. Chem. (ed. 3) I. 242 Chlorine trioxide is a yellowish-green gas with a very irritating odor. This gas is easily condensed to a red-brown liquid, which explodes, on the slightest provocation, with great violence. 2007 P. Patnaik Comprehensive Guide Hazardous Prop. Chem. Substances (ed. 3) 138/1 It [sc. ethanol] can explode with..chlorine trioxide. C3. chlorine-free adj. ΚΠ 1865 J. L. Bullock & A. Vacher tr. C. R. Fresenius Syst. Instr. Quantitative Chem. Anal. (ed. 4) 450 As chlorine-free lime is easily obtainable (by burning marble), this body is usually preferred to effect the decomposition. 1909 Lancet 30 Oct. 174/1 Under a chlorine-free dietary the expectoration diminished but it increased again when a diet containing chlorides was tried. 2007 N.Y. Mag. 22 Jan. 49/1 Collins thought of using PEVA, a type of chlorine-free plastic, to make her own rain shield. chlorine-resistant adj. ΚΠ 1906 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 27 105 A number of compositions are described... Water proof... Oil Proof... Chlorine Resistant. 1979 S. E. Jørgensen Industr. Waste Water Managem. ix. 126 Ozone has the advantage of being effective against some chlorine resistant pathogens. 2004 Zest Dec. 51/1 The UK has regular outbreaks of a chlorine-resistant, diarrhoea-causing bug called cryptosporidium. C4. chlorine bleach n. any of various types of bleach in which the active component is a chlorine compound (typically sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, or sodium chlorite). ΚΠ 1869 Monthly Rep. Dept. Agric. Mar.–Apr. 138 After a given time we have a pure, limpid, strong eight and one-half to ten degree Baumé chlorine bleach, free of acid, free of chloride of lime, or any other deleterious or injurious agents. 1947 Rotarian July 41/1 [This]..new textile finishing agent..provides protection against the tenderizing effects of chlorine bleaches. 2005 C. Mendelson Laundry i. x. 149 To disinfect clothes and linens that cannot tolerate chlorine bleach, the use of quaternary compounds or pine oil or other phenolic disinfectants is sometimes suggested. chlorine gas n. the yellowish-green gas consisting of diatomic molecules of chlorine, which is highly reactive and toxic, and used as a chemical reagent, disinfectant, and, esp. in the First World War (1914–18), chemical weapon (see also sense 1a). ΚΠ 1811chlorine gas [see Compounds 1]. 1915 Times 11 May 5/2 I have also seen men..suffering from excruciating tortures and distress caused by the devilish gas launched against our forces by the barbarous and inhuman German scientists, the precise nature of which is not at present known for certain.., though chlorine gas undoubtedly enters largely into its composition. 1944 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 954. 6 Chlorine gas..has long been used in the purification of city water supplies and swimming pools and the disinfection of tannery effluents. 2008 S. D. Tuorinsky et al. Med. Aspects Chem. Warfare 66/2 A raid in Fallujah in late February 2007 revealed a homegrown factory for car bombs and cylinders of toxic chlorine gas and other chemicals. chlorine tablet n. a soluble tablet containing a chlorine compound, used to disinfect water. ΚΠ 1906 Patents for Inventions: Abridgm. Specif. Class 49, Food Prep. & Preserving: 1901–4 41/1 The liquid is dechlorinated by tablets of sodium sulphite or hyposulphite, which may be combined with the chlorine tablets by some adhesive substance, or may form the core of the latter. 1951 Pop. Mech. Sept. 147/1 According to tests, the new tablets, which contain iodine, are more effective against amoebic and other forms of dysentery than the old chlorine tablets. 2011 M. Stein When Disaster Strikes viii. 208 Chlorine tablets containing the necessary dosage for drinking water disinfection can be purchased in a commercially prepared form. chlorine water n. water infused with chlorine gas (which partially disproportionates in solution to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids). ΚΠ 1823 C. Mackenzie Five Thousand Receipts 252/2 Add to the wine a sufficient quantity of a strong solution of chlorine water, (oxygenated muriatic acid) until it is changed to a yellow colour. 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 104/1 On the addition of chlorine-water. 2009 D. D. Ratnayaka et al. Twort's Water Supply (ed. 6) xi. 457 For large new transmission mains and reservoirs chlorine water from a gas chlorinator might be injected. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). chlorineadj. /ˈklɔːrʌɪn/ Etymology: < Greek χλωρός light green + -ine suffix¹. rare. Of the colour of foliage in spring; light green, grass-green. (In quot. a1849 humorously = ‘green’.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > [adjective] > light green beryl1594 spring green1735 water-green1757 berylline1847 chlorinea1849 peppermint1868 reseda1873 absinthe1963 lily-green1965 pepperminty1981 a1849 E. A. Poe Welby in Wks. (1864) III. 204 Nothing is more clear than this proposition—although denied by the chlorine critics. 1876 W. Besant & J. Rice Golden Butterfly I. iv. 34 Trees..green with the first sweet chlorine foliage of April. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.1810adj.a1849
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chlorinen.

Compounds

chlorineadj.