Chickasawn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈtʃɪkəsɔː/, U.S.

/ˈtʃɪkəˌsɔ/,

/ˈtʃɪkəˌsɑ/

Inflections: Plural Chickasaws, unchanged.

Forms:

α. 1600s Checsaw, 1700s Chekasaw, 1700s Chicasaws, 1700s Chicaza, 1700s Chichasaw, 1700s Chickesaw, 1700s Chicksa, 1700s Chicksha, 1700s Chickshau, 1700s Chigasaw, 1700s Chikesaw, 1700s Chikkasah, 1700s–1900s Chikasa, 1700s– Chicasa (now historical), 1700s– Chicasaw, 1700s– Chickasa, 1700s– Chickasaw, 1700s– Chicksaw, 1800s Ceickasaw, 1800s Chicaça, 1800s Chicassa, 1800s Chickassa, 1800s Chickisaw, 1800s Chickkasah, 1800s Chikasah, 1800s Chikasaw, 1800s Chikasha, 1800s Chikkesah, 1800s Chiksah.

β. 1600s Chiquacha, 1600s Sicacha, 1600s Sicachia, 1600s Sikacha, 1600s 1800s Chikacha, 1600s– Chicacha, 1700s Chicashaw.

γ. 1600s Chikaga, 1700s–1800s Chicaca, 1800s Chikaka.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: French Chicacha, Spanish Chicaça.

Etymology: < (i) French Chicacha, †Sicaca (late 17th cent. in R.-R. de La Salle, who was familiar with earlier Spanish accounts), and its etymon (ii) Spanish Chicasa, †Chicaça (16th cent. in a place name (see note), 18th cent. denoting the people; now usually Chickasaw), ultimately < Chickasaw Čikašša, self-designation.Spanish and Portuguese accounts by members of H. de Soto's expedition (which reached the region c1540) mention a place name Chicaça (or Chicaza ), which apparently reflects the Choctaw form of the name of the people; from 1609, the place name also sometimes appears in English versions of these accounts. Variant forms. Some of the early form variation reflects errors and alterations made through written transmission. The γ. forms (with final -ga and -ca ) are probably ultimately based on misreadings of -ça in the Spanish word, with Chikaka being a subsequent development from Chicaca.

A. n.

a. A member of a Muskogean people formerly living in Mississippi and Alabama, but now in Oklahoma.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of South-Eastern America > [noun]

Floridian1589

Chickasaw1674

Yamasee1699

Alabama1708

Natchez1708

Santee1709

Cherokee1721

Choctaw1722

Coushatta1722

Creek1725

Yuchi1738

Muskogee1751

Floridan1763

Muskogee1789

Mikasuki1791

Opelousa1805

Karankawa1806

Tunica1806

Melungeon1813

Alabamian1817

Ozark1819

Alabaman1829

1674 H. Woodward Let. 31 Dec. in Coll. S. Carolina Hist. Soc. (1897) V. 461 Ye Cussetaws, Checsaws & Chiokees were intended to come downe and fight ye Westoes.

1722 D. Coxe Descr. Carolana 14 The great and powerful Nation of Chicazas.

1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) VII. 42 Those who escaped slavery or death, took refuge among the Chickasaws.

1821 Missionary Reg. Dec. 533/1 A full-blooded Chickasaw..said, ‘Master's wife is lying behind you.’

1899 Amer. Anthropologist 1 516 They removed to the frontier of South Carolina, as did a portion of the Chicasaw at another time.

1952 Ada (Okla.) Evening News 2 July (Final ed.) 11/3 As late as 1845, most Chickasaws still lived in Choctaw districts.

2015 Jrnl. Chickasaw Hist. & Culture Spring 19 If a Chickasaw of our past in the homelands did not own a dugout canoe, he or she probably knew someone who did, or where to find one.

b. The Muskogean language of the Chickasaws (see sense A. 1a).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Penutian > Gulf Penutian

Chickasaw1826

Yuki1875

1826 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 73 Of the dialects spoken in the south, and which Mr Heckewelder denominates Floridian, such as the Creek, the Choctaw, Cherokee, and Chickasaw, we know too little to hazard an opinion; and far too little presumptuously to determine, whether they are primitive or derivative.

1941 M. R. Haas in L. Spier et al. Lang., Culture, & Personality 42 Choctaw and Chickasaw are actually subvarieties of the same language.

2011 Oklahoman (Nexis) 21 Aug. (Drive ed.) 2 c Only about 100 to 150 people still speak Chickasaw fluently, and most are older than 60.

†2. U.S. A variety of wild North American vine (genus Vitis). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1860 Proc. 8th Session Amer. Pomol. Soc. 119 Chickasaw, from Mr. Merrick... Found wild on the bluffs of the Mississippi. Color blue-black; large size.

1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 97 A new seedling which is called the Chickasaw, which is a very delicious grape.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating the Chickasaws or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of South-Eastern America > [adjective]

Cherokee1674

Chickasaw1726

Yamasee1741

Natchez1744

Alabama1775

Coushatta1775

Alabaman1818

Santee1833

Mobilian1840

Karankawa1852

Muskogee1891

Opelousa1911

1726 S. Penhallow Hist. Wars New-Eng. 71 Col. Gibs..commissioned..Capt. Welch, with the Assistance of the Chicksha Indians, to fall on them in several parts.

1873 J. S. Williams Old Times in W. Tennessee i. 4 DeSoto..crossed the Tombigbee somewhere near the Chickasaw village.

1889 Carbonate (Leadville) Chron. 7 Jan. 3/1 There are several Chickasaw children attending a convent school in Dennison.

1964 Ada (Okla.) Evening News 3 Sept. 8/1 Some day, we hope, it will be changed into a museum to house Chickasaw art and historical records and geological and other specimens from the former Chickasaw nation.

1973 Current Trends in Linguistics 10 1360 The ‘Mobile Jargon’..had a Choctaw or Chickasaw grammatical core.

2018 Daily Oklahoman (Nexis) 9 Oct. Postoak is Chickasaw and Choctaw, which makes him an important role model.

Compounds

Chickasaw plum n. U.S. a wild plum with small leaves, flowers, and fruits, Prunus angustifolia, found mainly in the south-eastern and Midwestern United States; the reddish fruit of this tree, used esp. for making preserves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > plum > other types of plum

bullacea1375

myxe?1440

prunelloa1450

bullace-fruit1530

wheat-plum1538

wheaten plum1542

pear plum1573

finger plum1577

perdrigon1582

damson plum1584

apple-plum1601

bullace-plum1608

amber plum1629

Christian1629

queen mother1629

cinnamon-plum1664

date1664

Orleans1674

Chickasaw plum1760

blue gage1764

golden drop1772

beach-plum1785

quetsch1839

egg-plum1859

hog plum1863

bladder-plum1869

prune1872

Carlsbad plum1885

apricot plum1893

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of

white plumc1330

bullacea1375

myxe?1440

prunelloa1450

bullace-fruit1530

horse plum1530

plum1530

wheat-plum1538

wheaten plum1542

choke-plum1556

pear plum1573

finger plum1577

scad1577

skeg1601

merchant1602

bullace-plum1608

malacadonian1608

prune plum1613

date plum1626

mussel plum1626

amber plum1629

black plum1629

primordian1629

queen mother1629

winter crack1629

myrobalan1630

Christian1651

Monsieur's plum1658

cinnamon-plum1664

date1664

primordial1664

Orleans1674

mirabelle1706

myrobalan plum1708

Mogul1718

mussel1718

Chickasaw plum1760

blue gage1764

magnum bonum1764

golden drop1772

beach-plum1785

sweet plum1796

winesour1836

wild plum1838

quetsch1839

egg-plum1859

Victoria1860

cherry plum1866

bladder-plum1869

prune1872

sour plum1874

Carlsbad plum1885

horse-jug1886

French plum1939

1760 in A. L. Fries Rec. N. Carolina Moravians (1922) I. 229 The wagon came back from Springhill..loaded with..rosemary, chickesaw plums and a kind of pine with very long leaves.

1854 R. B. Marcy & G. B. McClellan Explor. Red River 19 The plums also grow upon small bushes from two to six feet high..they are the Chickasaw plum (Prunus chicasa).

1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 18 July 4/4 Redbud trees, Chickasaw plums,..and cherries grow wild in the Arbuckles.

2014 New Yorker 1 Dec. 45/2 Or I would pick a couple of buckets of wild plums—they were called Chickasaw plums.

Chickasaw rose n. U.S. a white rose used for hedging in the southeastern United States (probably either of two species introduced from China and now naturalized, the Cherokee rose, Rosa laevigata, and the Macartney rose, R. bracteata).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush

summer rosea1456

French rose1538

damask rose?a1547

musk rose1559

province1562

winter rose1577

Austrian brier1590

rose of Provence1597

velvet rose1597

damasine-rose1607

Provence rose1614

blush-rose1629

maiden's blush1648

monthly rose tree1664

Provinsa1678

York and Lancaster rose1688

cinnamon rose1699

muscat rose1707

cabbage rose1727

China-rose1731

old-fashioned rose1773

moss rose1777

swamp rose1785

alba1797

Cherokee rose1804

Macartney rose1811

shepherd's rose1818

multiflora1820

prairie rose1822

Boursault1826

Banksian rose1827

maiden rose1827

moss1829

Noisette1829

seven sisters rose1830

Dundee rambler1834

Banksia rose1835

Chickasaw rose1835

Bourbon1836

climbing rose1836

green rose1837

hybrid China1837

Jaune Desprez1837

Lamarque1837

perpetual1837

pillar rose1837

rambler1837

wax rose1837

rugosa1840

China1844

Manetti1846

Banksian1847

remontant1847

gallica1848

hybrid perpetual1848

Persian Yellow1848

pole rose1848

monthly1849

tea rose1850

quarter sessions rose1851

Gloire de Dijon1854

Jacqueminot1857

Maréchal Niel1864

primrose1864

jack1867

La France1868

tea1869

Ramanas rose1876

Japanese rose1883

polyantha1883

old rose1885

American Beauty1887

hybrid tea1890

Japan rose1895

roselet1896

floribunda1898

Zéphirine Drouhin1901

Penzance briar1902

Dorothy Perkins1903

sweetheart1905

wichuraiana1907

mermaid1918

species rose1930

sweetheart rose1936

peace1944

shrub rose1948

1835 C. J. Latrobe Rambler in N. Amer. II. i. 8 The Chickasaw-rose, a beautiful briar with snow-white expanded flowers and yellow stamina, was abundant near the plantations [in South Carolina].

1887 Harper's Mag. Feb. 350/1 Along one side of his home..runs a superb hedge of Chickasaw roses.

1902 Birds & Nature Apr. 187/1 I always associate the coming of the orchard oriole with the opening of the Chickasaw roses.

2004 D. F. Austin Florida Ethnobot. 578/1 In spite of their names, the Chickasaw rose (R[osa] bracteata) and Cherokee rose (R. laevigata) are not native species used by those tribes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chickasaw
释义	Chickasawn.adj. Brit. /ˈtʃɪkəsɔː/, U.S. /ˈtʃɪkəˌsɔ/, /ˈtʃɪkəˌsɑ/ Inflections: Plural Chickasaws, unchanged. Forms: α. 1600s Checsaw, 1700s Chekasaw, 1700s Chicasaws, 1700s Chicaza, 1700s Chichasaw, 1700s Chickesaw, 1700s Chicksa, 1700s Chicksha, 1700s Chickshau, 1700s Chigasaw, 1700s Chikesaw, 1700s Chikkasah, 1700s–1900s Chikasa, 1700s– Chicasa (now historical), 1700s– Chicasaw, 1700s– Chickasa, 1700s– Chickasaw, 1700s– Chicksaw, 1800s Ceickasaw, 1800s Chicaça, 1800s Chicassa, 1800s Chickassa, 1800s Chickisaw, 1800s Chickkasah, 1800s Chikasah, 1800s Chikasaw, 1800s Chikasha, 1800s Chikkesah, 1800s Chiksah. β. 1600s Chiquacha, 1600s Sicacha, 1600s Sicachia, 1600s Sikacha, 1600s 1800s Chikacha, 1600s– Chicacha, 1700s Chicashaw. γ. 1600s Chikaga, 1700s–1800s Chicaca, 1800s Chikaka. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: French Chicacha, Spanish Chicaça. Etymology: < (i) French Chicacha, †Sicaca (late 17th cent. in R.-R. de La Salle, who was familiar with earlier Spanish accounts), and its etymon (ii) Spanish Chicasa, †Chicaça (16th cent. in a place name (see note), 18th cent. denoting the people; now usually Chickasaw), ultimately < Chickasaw Čikašša, self-designation.Spanish and Portuguese accounts by members of H. de Soto's expedition (which reached the region c1540) mention a place name Chicaça (or Chicaza ), which apparently reflects the Choctaw form of the name of the people; from 1609, the place name also sometimes appears in English versions of these accounts. Variant forms. Some of the early form variation reflects errors and alterations made through written transmission. The γ. forms (with final -ga and -ca ) are probably ultimately based on misreadings of -ça in the Spanish word, with Chikaka being a subsequent development from Chicaca. A. n. 1. a. A member of a Muskogean people formerly living in Mississippi and Alabama, but now in Oklahoma. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of South-Eastern America > [noun] Floridian1589 Chickasaw1674 Yamasee1699 Alabama1708 Natchez1708 Santee1709 Cherokee1721 Choctaw1722 Coushatta1722 Creek1725 Yuchi1738 Muskogee1751 Floridan1763 Muskogee1789 Mikasuki1791 Opelousa1805 Karankawa1806 Tunica1806 Melungeon1813 Alabamian1817 Ozark1819 Alabaman1829 1674 H. Woodward Let. 31 Dec. in Coll. S. Carolina Hist. Soc. (1897) V. 461 Ye Cussetaws, Checsaws & Chiokees were intended to come downe and fight ye Westoes. 1722 D. Coxe Descr. Carolana 14 The great and powerful Nation of Chicazas. 1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) VII. 42 Those who escaped slavery or death, took refuge among the Chickasaws. 1821 Missionary Reg. Dec. 533/1 A full-blooded Chickasaw..said, ‘Master's wife is lying behind you.’ 1899 Amer. Anthropologist 1 516 They removed to the frontier of South Carolina, as did a portion of the Chicasaw at another time. 1952 Ada (Okla.) Evening News 2 July (Final ed.) 11/3 As late as 1845, most Chickasaws still lived in Choctaw districts. 2015 Jrnl. Chickasaw Hist. & Culture Spring 19 If a Chickasaw of our past in the homelands did not own a dugout canoe, he or she probably knew someone who did, or where to find one. b. The Muskogean language of the Chickasaws (see sense A. 1a). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Penutian > Gulf Penutian Chickasaw1826 Yuki1875 1826 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 73 Of the dialects spoken in the south, and which Mr Heckewelder denominates Floridian, such as the Creek, the Choctaw, Cherokee, and Chickasaw, we know too little to hazard an opinion; and far too little presumptuously to determine, whether they are primitive or derivative. 1941 M. R. Haas in L. Spier et al. Lang., Culture, & Personality 42 Choctaw and Chickasaw are actually subvarieties of the same language. 2011 Oklahoman (Nexis) 21 Aug. (Drive ed.) 2 c Only about 100 to 150 people still speak Chickasaw fluently, and most are older than 60. †2. U.S. A variety of wild North American vine (genus Vitis). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1860 Proc. 8th Session Amer. Pomol. Soc. 119 Chickasaw, from Mr. Merrick... Found wild on the bluffs of the Mississippi. Color blue-black; large size. 1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 97 A new seedling which is called the Chickasaw, which is a very delicious grape. B. adj. Of, relating to, or designating the Chickasaws or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of South-Eastern America > [adjective] Cherokee1674 Chickasaw1726 Yamasee1741 Natchez1744 Alabama1775 Coushatta1775 Alabaman1818 Santee1833 Mobilian1840 Karankawa1852 Muskogee1891 Opelousa1911 1726 S. Penhallow Hist. Wars New-Eng. 71 Col. Gibs..commissioned..Capt. Welch, with the Assistance of the Chicksha Indians, to fall on them in several parts. 1873 J. S. Williams Old Times in W. Tennessee i. 4 DeSoto..crossed the Tombigbee somewhere near the Chickasaw village. 1889 Carbonate (Leadville) Chron. 7 Jan. 3/1 There are several Chickasaw children attending a convent school in Dennison. 1964 Ada (Okla.) Evening News 3 Sept. 8/1 Some day, we hope, it will be changed into a museum to house Chickasaw art and historical records and geological and other specimens from the former Chickasaw nation. 1973 Current Trends in Linguistics 10 1360 The ‘Mobile Jargon’..had a Choctaw or Chickasaw grammatical core. 2018 Daily Oklahoman (Nexis) 9 Oct. Postoak is Chickasaw and Choctaw, which makes him an important role model. Compounds Chickasaw plum n. U.S. a wild plum with small leaves, flowers, and fruits, Prunus angustifolia, found mainly in the south-eastern and Midwestern United States; the reddish fruit of this tree, used esp. for making preserves. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > plum > other types of plum bullacea1375 myxe?1440 prunelloa1450 bullace-fruit1530 wheat-plum1538 wheaten plum1542 pear plum1573 finger plum1577 perdrigon1582 damson plum1584 apple-plum1601 bullace-plum1608 amber plum1629 Christian1629 queen mother1629 cinnamon-plum1664 date1664 Orleans1674 Chickasaw plum1760 blue gage1764 golden drop1772 beach-plum1785 quetsch1839 egg-plum1859 hog plum1863 bladder-plum1869 prune1872 Carlsbad plum1885 apricot plum1893 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of white plumc1330 bullacea1375 myxe?1440 prunelloa1450 bullace-fruit1530 horse plum1530 plum1530 wheat-plum1538 wheaten plum1542 choke-plum1556 pear plum1573 finger plum1577 scad1577 skeg1601 merchant1602 bullace-plum1608 malacadonian1608 prune plum1613 date plum1626 mussel plum1626 amber plum1629 black plum1629 primordian1629 queen mother1629 winter crack1629 myrobalan1630 Christian1651 Monsieur's plum1658 cinnamon-plum1664 date1664 primordial1664 Orleans1674 mirabelle1706 myrobalan plum1708 Mogul1718 mussel1718 Chickasaw plum1760 blue gage1764 magnum bonum1764 golden drop1772 beach-plum1785 sweet plum1796 winesour1836 wild plum1838 quetsch1839 egg-plum1859 Victoria1860 cherry plum1866 bladder-plum1869 prune1872 sour plum1874 Carlsbad plum1885 horse-jug1886 French plum1939 1760 in A. L. Fries Rec. N. Carolina Moravians (1922) I. 229 The wagon came back from Springhill..loaded with..rosemary, chickesaw plums and a kind of pine with very long leaves. 1854 R. B. Marcy & G. B. McClellan Explor. Red River 19 The plums also grow upon small bushes from two to six feet high..they are the Chickasaw plum (Prunus chicasa). 1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 18 July 4/4 Redbud trees, Chickasaw plums,..and cherries grow wild in the Arbuckles. 2014 New Yorker 1 Dec. 45/2 Or I would pick a couple of buckets of wild plums—they were called Chickasaw plums. Chickasaw rose n. U.S. a white rose used for hedging in the southeastern United States (probably either of two species introduced from China and now naturalized, the Cherokee rose, Rosa laevigata, and the Macartney rose, R. bracteata). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush summer rosea1456 French rose1538 damask rose?a1547 musk rose1559 province1562 winter rose1577 Austrian brier1590 rose of Provence1597 velvet rose1597 damasine-rose1607 Provence rose1614 blush-rose1629 maiden's blush1648 monthly rose tree1664 Provinsa1678 York and Lancaster rose1688 cinnamon rose1699 muscat rose1707 cabbage rose1727 China-rose1731 old-fashioned rose1773 moss rose1777 swamp rose1785 alba1797 Cherokee rose1804 Macartney rose1811 shepherd's rose1818 multiflora1820 prairie rose1822 Boursault1826 Banksian rose1827 maiden rose1827 moss1829 Noisette1829 seven sisters rose1830 Dundee rambler1834 Banksia rose1835 Chickasaw rose1835 Bourbon1836 climbing rose1836 green rose1837 hybrid China1837 Jaune Desprez1837 Lamarque1837 perpetual1837 pillar rose1837 rambler1837 wax rose1837 rugosa1840 China1844 Manetti1846 Banksian1847 remontant1847 gallica1848 hybrid perpetual1848 Persian Yellow1848 pole rose1848 monthly1849 tea rose1850 quarter sessions rose1851 Gloire de Dijon1854 Jacqueminot1857 Maréchal Niel1864 primrose1864 jack1867 La France1868 tea1869 Ramanas rose1876 Japanese rose1883 polyantha1883 old rose1885 American Beauty1887 hybrid tea1890 Japan rose1895 roselet1896 floribunda1898 Zéphirine Drouhin1901 Penzance briar1902 Dorothy Perkins1903 sweetheart1905 wichuraiana1907 mermaid1918 species rose1930 sweetheart rose1936 peace1944 shrub rose1948 1835 C. J. Latrobe Rambler in N. Amer. II. i. 8 The Chickasaw-rose, a beautiful briar with snow-white expanded flowers and yellow stamina, was abundant near the plantations [in South Carolina]. 1887 Harper's Mag. Feb. 350/1 Along one side of his home..runs a superb hedge of Chickasaw roses. 1902 Birds & Nature Apr. 187/1 I always associate the coming of the orchard oriole with the opening of the Chickasaw roses. 2004 D. F. Austin Florida Ethnobot. 578/1 In spite of their names, the Chickasaw rose (R[osa] bracteata) and Cherokee rose (R. laevigata) are not native species used by those tribes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1674
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