advocationn.

Brit.

/ˌadvəˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌædvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English 1600s aduocacion, 1500s– advocation, 1600s aduocation; Scottish pre-1700 aduocation, pre-1700 aduocatioun, pre-1700 advocatioun, pre-1700 1700s– advocation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French advocation; Latin advocātiōn-, advocātiō.

Etymology: < Middle French advocacion, advocation office or function of an advocate (mid 13th cent. in Old French as avocacion ), action of pleading on behalf of another (13th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin advocātiōn-, advocātiō body of legal advisers or advocates, function or duties of an advocate, advocacy, (of a trial) adjournment, postponement, delay, in post-classical Latin also action of calling on or invoking (4th cent. in Jerome), guardianship, protection, or patronage of a church or religious house (9th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < advocāt- , past participial stem of advocāre advocate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan avocacio (c1300), Catalan advocació (13th cent.), Spanish advocación (early 16th cent.), also Dutch advocatie (1542 as advocacie ; compare the forms cited at advocacy n.), German Advokation (1522). Compare earlier advowson n.

1. Chiefly Ecclesiastical Law. = advowson n.; guardianship, protection, or patronage of a church or religious house. historical in later use.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > advowson > [noun]

vowson1297

advowsonc1300

advocationa1325

presentationa1325

presentmenta1325

collationc1380

patronage1395

advowryc1460

avowrya1475

advowsonage1528

voisom1538

advowsante1539

donation1540

advowsement1590

beneficial1591

collating1642

advowsance1655

advocacy1711

advocateship1753

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 34 He þat is uerrei patron ne mai noȝt recoueren his aduocacion þoru non oþer writ.

c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 112 (MED) The church of Barton with þe pertinencis, whoos aduocacion they hauen of the ȝifte of Roger of Seynte John, of the same church patrone in-to þere owne vses.

1493 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1493/5/23 All giftis of patronageis and advocationis of kirkis and benificis that pertenis to the croune.

1542 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 664/2 With the advocatioun and donatioun of the parroche-clerkschip.

1566 R. Ascham Let. 14 Apr. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 151 [He] woulde..bestowe the advocation therof uppon my sonne.

1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 445 Parents, that haue the donations or aduocations of Church liuings in their hands, must needs haue some of their children..thrust into the Ministry.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 66 To the Kings of England..the Advocation and protection of all the Churches of England.

1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xviii. 366 Advocation, Donation, and right of patronage of such Kirks.

1797 R. Bell Syst. Forms of Deeds Scotl. I. 356 I hereby sell, alienate and dispone..the advocation, donation, and right of patronage of the parish and parish church.

1890 T. A. Janvier Mex. Guide ix. iii. 406 The primitive parish church..was dedicated..under the advocation of Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion.

1901 Border Mag. Nov. 218/1 James V..gave to Walter Scott of Branxhelm..the advocation of the church of Sowdoun.

2000 A. Campbell Hist. Clan Campbell I. 74 He [sc. Sir Dougall] came to an agreement with his nephew..over..the advocation of the church of Kilmartin.

†2.

a. The action or an act of summoning something; a calling of people to council. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting

synagoguea1300

councilc1340

collect1382

convent1382

convocation1387

samingc1400

advocationa1425

meetingc1425

steven1481

congress1528

concion1533

conference1575

collection1609

congression1611

divan1619

rendezvous1628

comitia1631

society1712

majlis1821

get-up1826

agora1886

a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 103 (MED) Som disciples of nygromauncye..han it in scyence for to make aduocacion of wickyd spirites.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. i. 160 Hyt apperteyneth not to hem to be of counceyllys ne at the aduocacions.

b. An act of calling upon a person for aid; an appeal for aid or defence. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > invocation or appeal

bodec1175

stevenc1200

crya1300

askingc1330

prayerc1330

beseeching1340

invocationc1384

billc1386

conjuringa1400

pealc1400

conjurationc1450

adjuration?1473

remonstrance?1473

interpellation1526

contestation1548

address1570

vocation1574

imprecation1585

appellation1587

supplantation1590

advocation1598

application1607

invoking1611

inclamation1613

conjurement1643

bespeaking1661

vocative1747

incalling1850

appeal1859

appealing1876

appealingness1876

rogative1882

cri de cœur1897

1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man vi. 586 True Religion..doth direct vs, and our prayers and advocations to one God.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Advocation, in the civil law, the act of calling another to our aid, relief, or defence.

3. gen. The office, position, or function of an advocate; the action or an act of advocating something; pleading for, support for, or recommendation of a person or thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun]

erndinga1000

mediationa1387

advocacyc1390

mediacya1425

meanc1450

moyen1454

interposition1462

mean1465

myance?a1513

advocation1532

intercession1534

advocateship?1555

intercessionment1593

interceding1600

intermise1612

means-making1617

intermission1647

interposal1687

spoke1867

1532 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 312 [£10 yearly to be paid to John Lethane] for aduocatioun and procuratioun to be maid be him..in all..our actionis and causis.

1551 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880) II. 69 The seruice and aduocatioun of the said Maister Alexander.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iv. 121 Alas..My aduocation is not now in tune.

1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. xxvii. 349 [Christ] sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us.

1700 N. Beare Resurrection founded on Justice viii. 40 That very Body..is our Eternal Expiatory Sacrifice, incessantly transacting the great Work of Advocation with his Father.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xiii. 17 Rejecting your advocation in behalf of your friend.

1799 J. Townsend Nine Disc. on Prayer ix. 300 The death of Christ and his advocation before the throne of the Father..is beautifully and explicitly set forth.

1814 J. Hogg Hunting of Badlewe iii. iii. 70 Her mother's tongue pouring forth advocation On my behalf.

?1842 D. Boucicault Lover by Proxy iii. 21 She thought my advocation of your cause so excellent, that she nonsuited..the plaintiff.

1907 Typographical Jrnl. 416/2 The cause of the outrage..was the outcome of the political advocations of the paper.

1921 Soda Fountain Sept. 28/2 Governor Louis Hart has gained statewide support on his advocation of the gross sales tax.

1997 K. Schneider Loving Arms iv. 112 Her advocation of indifference constituted a deliberately extreme political strategy.

4. Law (chiefly Scots Law). The referral of a legal action from a lower court to a higher court, ordered by the higher court; an instance of this. Cf. advocate v. 1. Also: a document ordering such referral (cf. = letters of advocation n. at Phrases). Now chiefly historical.Used as a technical term in Scotland, and with reference to the papal Court of Rome (cf. advoke v. 1). Not used in ordinary English law.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs transferring cause to another court

ponea1325

procedendo1405

prohibition?1435

siserary1482

certiorari1523

advocationc1540

tolt1607

recordari1648

procedendo ad judicium1657

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > transfer of action

advocationc1540

letter of request1694

apostle1726

c1540 Image Ipocrysy ii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 427 He robbeth all nations With his fulminations..Advocations.

a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 184 [Wolsey] most earnestly travelled..to stay the advocation of the said cause..to the court of Rome.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 62 Advocation of causes, may be admitted be reason of the iniquitie of the Judge in the inferiour court: or of his doubting, or ignorance of the cause.

1677 T. Middleton App. Hist. Church Scotl. ii. 36 A Writ called an Advocation may take any Cause out of the hands of inferiour Judges, and order it to be brought before themselves.

1711 J. Spotiswood Form of Process 16 No Protestation can be granted, till the Advocation..be wakened.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 147 Wolsey, however, failed in his protest; the advocation was passed.

1938 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 2 396 Only in 1681 was an act passed which forbade advocations from the court by the lords of council and session.

2009 A. M. Godfrey Civil Justice Renaissance Sc. iv. 192 With the power of advocation, the Lords could insist that particular legal actions be brought before them.

Phrases

In sense 4.

bill (also †note) of advocation n. Scots Law (a) a written application for a legal action to be referred from a lower court to a higher court, made to the higher court; (b) a document ordering such referral; = letters of advocation n.

ΚΠ

1681 J. Dalrymple Modus Litigandi 24 If any Party appear, he will get a sight of the Bill of Advocation, and be heard thereupon.

1798 Decisions Court of Session 1792–1796 24 John Macausland..complained of the judgment of the Magistrates by bill of advocation, and at that same time brought an action of declarator.

1808 J. Bentham Sc. Reform 15 Instruments of usurpation, in English practice, pone and certiorari; in Scottish, bills of advocation.

1845 Northern Star (Leeds) 31 May 7/5 She then presented a note of advocation (appealed to the Court of Session).

1999 Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. The High Court of Justiciary, sitting as the Court of Criminal Appeal..passing bills of advocation..in respect of a summary complaint by the Procurator Fiscal at Linlithgow.

letters of advocation n. chiefly Scots Law (now historical) a document ordering the referral of a legal action from a lower court to a higher court, issued by the higher court.The equivalent order in English law is a writ of certiorari (see certiorari n.).

ΚΠ

1681 J. Dalrymple Modus Litigandi 24 Letters of Advocation are pass'd under the Signet. commanding the inferior Judge to proceed no further.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) If after letters of advocation are intimated to that judge, he yet proceeds, his decree will be null.

1800 Porcupine 24 Dec. It is also enacted, that no certiorari, letters of advocation or of suspension, shall be granted.

1905 Sc. Hist. Rev. 3 95 The decisions of the local courts became more subject to review on letters of advocation.

1974 W. E. Wilkie Cardinal Protectors Eng. vi. 197 The formal letters of advocation, inhibiting further action by the legatine court in England, were issued in Rome.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	advocation
释义	advocationn. Brit. /ˌadvəˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌædvəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English 1600s aduocacion, 1500s– advocation, 1600s aduocation; Scottish pre-1700 aduocation, pre-1700 aduocatioun, pre-1700 advocatioun, pre-1700 1700s– advocation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French advocation; Latin advocātiōn-, advocātiō. Etymology: < Middle French advocacion, advocation office or function of an advocate (mid 13th cent. in Old French as avocacion ), action of pleading on behalf of another (13th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin advocātiōn-, advocātiō body of legal advisers or advocates, function or duties of an advocate, advocacy, (of a trial) adjournment, postponement, delay, in post-classical Latin also action of calling on or invoking (4th cent. in Jerome), guardianship, protection, or patronage of a church or religious house (9th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < advocāt- , past participial stem of advocāre advocate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan avocacio (c1300), Catalan advocació (13th cent.), Spanish advocación (early 16th cent.), also Dutch advocatie (1542 as advocacie ; compare the forms cited at advocacy n.), German Advokation (1522). Compare earlier advowson n. 1. Chiefly Ecclesiastical Law. = advowson n.; guardianship, protection, or patronage of a church or religious house. historical in later use. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > advowson > [noun] vowson1297 advowsonc1300 advocationa1325 presentationa1325 presentmenta1325 collationc1380 patronage1395 advowryc1460 avowrya1475 advowsonage1528 voisom1538 advowsante1539 donation1540 advowsement1590 beneficial1591 collating1642 advowsance1655 advocacy1711 advocateship1753 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 34 He þat is uerrei patron ne mai noȝt recoueren his aduocacion þoru non oþer writ. c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 112 (MED) The church of Barton with þe pertinencis, whoos aduocacion they hauen of the ȝifte of Roger of Seynte John, of the same church patrone in-to þere owne vses. 1493 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1493/5/23 All giftis of patronageis and advocationis of kirkis and benificis that pertenis to the croune. 1542 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 664/2 With the advocatioun and donatioun of the parroche-clerkschip. 1566 R. Ascham Let. 14 Apr. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 151 [He] woulde..bestowe the advocation therof uppon my sonne. 1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 445 Parents, that haue the donations or aduocations of Church liuings in their hands, must needs haue some of their children..thrust into the Ministry. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 66 To the Kings of England..the Advocation and protection of all the Churches of England. 1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. xviii. 366 Advocation, Donation, and right of patronage of such Kirks. 1797 R. Bell Syst. Forms of Deeds Scotl. I. 356 I hereby sell, alienate and dispone..the advocation, donation, and right of patronage of the parish and parish church. 1890 T. A. Janvier Mex. Guide ix. iii. 406 The primitive parish church..was dedicated..under the advocation of Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion. 1901 Border Mag. Nov. 218/1 James V..gave to Walter Scott of Branxhelm..the advocation of the church of Sowdoun. 2000 A. Campbell Hist. Clan Campbell I. 74 He [sc. Sir Dougall] came to an agreement with his nephew..over..the advocation of the church of Kilmartin. †2. a. The action or an act of summoning something; a calling of people to council. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting synagoguea1300 councilc1340 collect1382 convent1382 convocation1387 samingc1400 advocationa1425 meetingc1425 steven1481 congress1528 concion1533 conference1575 collection1609 congression1611 divan1619 rendezvous1628 comitia1631 society1712 majlis1821 get-up1826 agora1886 a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 103 (MED) Som disciples of nygromauncye..han it in scyence for to make aduocacion of wickyd spirites. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. i. 160 Hyt apperteyneth not to hem to be of counceyllys ne at the aduocacions. b. An act of calling upon a person for aid; an appeal for aid or defence. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > invocation or appeal bodec1175 stevenc1200 crya1300 askingc1330 prayerc1330 beseeching1340 invocationc1384 billc1386 conjuringa1400 pealc1400 conjurationc1450 adjuration?1473 remonstrance?1473 interpellation1526 contestation1548 address1570 vocation1574 imprecation1585 appellation1587 supplantation1590 advocation1598 application1607 invoking1611 inclamation1613 conjurement1643 bespeaking1661 vocative1747 incalling1850 appeal1859 appealing1876 appealingness1876 rogative1882 cri de cœur1897 1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man vi. 586 True Religion..doth direct vs, and our prayers and advocations to one God. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Advocation, in the civil law, the act of calling another to our aid, relief, or defence. 3. gen. The office, position, or function of an advocate; the action or an act of advocating something; pleading for, support for, or recommendation of a person or thing. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun] erndinga1000 mediationa1387 advocacyc1390 mediacya1425 meanc1450 moyen1454 interposition1462 mean1465 myance?a1513 advocation1532 intercession1534 advocateship?1555 intercessionment1593 interceding1600 intermise1612 means-making1617 intermission1647 interposal1687 spoke1867 1532 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 312 [£10 yearly to be paid to John Lethane] for aduocatioun and procuratioun to be maid be him..in all..our actionis and causis. 1551 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880) II. 69 The seruice and aduocatioun of the said Maister Alexander. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iv. 121 Alas..My aduocation is not now in tune. View more context for this quotation 1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. xxvii. 349 [Christ] sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us. 1700 N. Beare Resurrection founded on Justice viii. 40 That very Body..is our Eternal Expiatory Sacrifice, incessantly transacting the great Work of Advocation with his Father. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xiii. 17 Rejecting your advocation in behalf of your friend. 1799 J. Townsend Nine Disc. on Prayer ix. 300 The death of Christ and his advocation before the throne of the Father..is beautifully and explicitly set forth. 1814 J. Hogg Hunting of Badlewe iii. iii. 70 Her mother's tongue pouring forth advocation On my behalf. ?1842 D. Boucicault Lover by Proxy iii. 21 She thought my advocation of your cause so excellent, that she nonsuited..the plaintiff. 1907 Typographical Jrnl. 416/2 The cause of the outrage..was the outcome of the political advocations of the paper. 1921 Soda Fountain Sept. 28/2 Governor Louis Hart has gained statewide support on his advocation of the gross sales tax. 1997 K. Schneider Loving Arms iv. 112 Her advocation of indifference constituted a deliberately extreme political strategy. 4. Law (chiefly Scots Law). The referral of a legal action from a lower court to a higher court, ordered by the higher court; an instance of this. Cf. advocate v. 1. Also: a document ordering such referral (cf. = letters of advocation n. at Phrases). Now chiefly historical.Used as a technical term in Scotland, and with reference to the papal Court of Rome (cf. advoke v. 1). Not used in ordinary English law. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs transferring cause to another court ponea1325 procedendo1405 prohibition?1435 siserary1482 certiorari1523 advocationc1540 tolt1607 recordari1648 procedendo ad judicium1657 society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > transfer of action advocationc1540 letter of request1694 apostle1726 c1540 Image Ipocrysy ii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 427 He robbeth all nations With his fulminations..Advocations. a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 184 [Wolsey] most earnestly travelled..to stay the advocation of the said cause..to the court of Rome. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 62 Advocation of causes, may be admitted be reason of the iniquitie of the Judge in the inferiour court: or of his doubting, or ignorance of the cause. 1677 T. Middleton App. Hist. Church Scotl. ii. 36 A Writ called an Advocation may take any Cause out of the hands of inferiour Judges, and order it to be brought before themselves. 1711 J. Spotiswood Form of Process 16 No Protestation can be granted, till the Advocation..be wakened. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 147 Wolsey, however, failed in his protest; the advocation was passed. 1938 Univ. Toronto Law Jrnl. 2 396 Only in 1681 was an act passed which forbade advocations from the court by the lords of council and session. 2009 A. M. Godfrey Civil Justice Renaissance Sc. iv. 192 With the power of advocation, the Lords could insist that particular legal actions be brought before them. Phrases In sense 4. bill (also †note) of advocation n. Scots Law (a) a written application for a legal action to be referred from a lower court to a higher court, made to the higher court; (b) a document ordering such referral; = letters of advocation n. ΚΠ 1681 J. Dalrymple Modus Litigandi 24 If any Party appear, he will get a sight of the Bill of Advocation, and be heard thereupon. 1798 Decisions Court of Session 1792–1796 24 John Macausland..complained of the judgment of the Magistrates by bill of advocation, and at that same time brought an action of declarator. 1808 J. Bentham Sc. Reform 15 Instruments of usurpation, in English practice, pone and certiorari; in Scottish, bills of advocation. 1845 Northern Star (Leeds) 31 May 7/5 She then presented a note of advocation (appealed to the Court of Session). 1999 Times (Nexis) 17 Nov. The High Court of Justiciary, sitting as the Court of Criminal Appeal..passing bills of advocation..in respect of a summary complaint by the Procurator Fiscal at Linlithgow. letters of advocation n. chiefly Scots Law (now historical) a document ordering the referral of a legal action from a lower court to a higher court, issued by the higher court.The equivalent order in English law is a writ of certiorari (see certiorari n.). ΚΠ 1681 J. Dalrymple Modus Litigandi 24 Letters of Advocation are pass'd under the Signet. commanding the inferior Judge to proceed no further. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) If after letters of advocation are intimated to that judge, he yet proceeds, his decree will be null. 1800 Porcupine 24 Dec. It is also enacted, that no certiorari, letters of advocation or of suspension, shall be granted. 1905 Sc. Hist. Rev. 3 95 The decisions of the local courts became more subject to review on letters of advocation. 1974 W. E. Wilkie Cardinal Protectors Eng. vi. 197 The formal letters of advocation, inhibiting further action by the legatine court in England, were issued in Rome. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1325
随便看	cleruchs cleruchy clerum cles clet cletch clete clethra clett clettis cleuch cleuchs cleugh cleve cleveite cleveites clevel cleveland bay clevelandite clever clever dick clever-boots clever-clever clever-cleverness clever-clogs