chi-squaren.

Brit.

/ˈkʌɪskwɛː/,

/ˌkʌɪˈskwɛː/, U.S.

/ˈkaɪˌskwɛ(ə)r/,

/ˌkaɪˈskwɛ(ə)r/

Etymology: < chi n.¹ + square n. 8.

Applied (usually attributively) to a test for, or statistic of, comparison between observed and theoretical values (see also quot. 1960).K. Pearson, who devised this test in 1900, called it the ‘goodness of fit test’ or ‘χ² test’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > test to compare observed and theoretical values

Pearson1912

chi-square1936

1936 Davenport & Ekas Statist. Methods Biol. (ed. 4) 47 The χ² (‘chi square’) test. Find for each class the difference (δ₁) between the theoretical value (y) and the observed frequency (f). Divide the square of this difference in each case by y. The sum of the quotients is χ².

1939 A. K. Kurtz & H. A. Edgerton Statistical Dict. 24 Chi square test of goodness of fit, a function from which can be obtained approximately the probability that a given set of data..might arise if a certain law or cause were in operation.

1946 C. E. Weatherburn First Course in Math. Statistics 177 (heading) Additive property of chi-square.

1949 Brit. Birds 42 256 Application of the chi-square test to a comparison of my figures and Höhn's..shows that the chance of his part A and my column 3 differing only by chance is much less than 1 in 100.

1957 P. Lafitte Person in Psychol. 150 This kind of analysis..uses only non-parametric methods, mostly chi-square.

1957 P. Lafitte Person in Psychol. 151 These variables are compared with the criterion by means of chi-square (or the t-test, if the criterion is quasi-physical).

1960 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statistical Terms 41 Chi-squared Statistic..For historical reasons..it more usually relates to a statistic of a particular kind which is, as a general rule, distributed more or less approximately in the χ² form.

1961 L. F. Brosnahan Sounds of Lang. iii. 66 It was decided to test the significance of the co-incidence of the two distributions by the Chi-square technique.

Derivatives

chi-squared adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > of tests

two-tailed1904

non-parametric1942

one-tailed1942

one-tail1947

Mann–Whitney1951

chi-squared1960

1960 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statistical Terms 42 Chi-squared Test..Such tests occur in many ways, the most prominent being: (i) An overall goodness-of-fit comparison of observed with hypothetical frequencies falling into specified classes; (ii) Comparison of an observed with a hypothetic variance in normal samples; (iii) Combination of probabilities from a number of tests of significance.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chi-square
释义	chi-squaren. Brit. /ˈkʌɪskwɛː/, /ˌkʌɪˈskwɛː/, U.S. /ˈkaɪˌskwɛ(ə)r/, /ˌkaɪˈskwɛ(ə)r/ Etymology: < chi n.¹ + square n. 8. Applied (usually attributively) to a test for, or statistic of, comparison between observed and theoretical values (see also quot. 1960).K. Pearson, who devised this test in 1900, called it the ‘goodness of fit test’ or ‘χ² test’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > test to compare observed and theoretical values Pearson1912 chi-square1936 1936 Davenport & Ekas Statist. Methods Biol. (ed. 4) 47 The χ² (‘chi square’) test. Find for each class the difference (δ₁) between the theoretical value (y) and the observed frequency (f). Divide the square of this difference in each case by y. The sum of the quotients is χ². 1939 A. K. Kurtz & H. A. Edgerton Statistical Dict. 24 Chi square test of goodness of fit, a function from which can be obtained approximately the probability that a given set of data..might arise if a certain law or cause were in operation. 1946 C. E. Weatherburn First Course in Math. Statistics 177 (heading) Additive property of chi-square. 1949 Brit. Birds 42 256 Application of the chi-square test to a comparison of my figures and Höhn's..shows that the chance of his part A and my column 3 differing only by chance is much less than 1 in 100. 1957 P. Lafitte Person in Psychol. 150 This kind of analysis..uses only non-parametric methods, mostly chi-square. 1957 P. Lafitte Person in Psychol. 151 These variables are compared with the criterion by means of chi-square (or the t-test, if the criterion is quasi-physical). 1960 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statistical Terms 41 Chi-squared Statistic..For historical reasons..it more usually relates to a statistic of a particular kind which is, as a general rule, distributed more or less approximately in the χ² form. 1961 L. F. Brosnahan Sounds of Lang. iii. 66 It was decided to test the significance of the co-incidence of the two distributions by the Chi-square technique. Derivatives chi-squared adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > of tests two-tailed1904 non-parametric1942 one-tailed1942 one-tail1947 Mann–Whitney1951 chi-squared1960 1960 M. G. Kendall & W. R. Buckland Dict. Statistical Terms 42 Chi-squared Test..Such tests occur in many ways, the most prominent being: (i) An overall goodness-of-fit comparison of observed with hypothetical frequencies falling into specified classes; (ii) Comparison of an observed with a hypothetic variance in normal samples; (iii) Combination of probabilities from a number of tests of significance. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1936
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