chessn.¹

Brit.

/tʃɛs/, U.S.

/tʃɛs/

Forms: Middle English ches, chees, Middle English–1600s chesse, Middle English schesse, Middle English, 1600s– chess; (in combinations) 1500s cheast, Scottish chas, 1500s–1600s chest(e, 1600s ches; also Middle English–1500s chesses, 1500s chestes, cheast(e)s, 1600s chests.

Etymology: Middle English ches , chess , aphetic < Anglo-Norman and Old French eschès (Old French also eschecs , eschas , eschax , escas , modern French échecs = échè-z ) ‘chequers, chess’, plural of eschec (escac , etc.) check n.¹ So medieval Latin had scacci , scāci , scāchi , Italian scacchi , Provençal escacos , all plurals, as name of the game; Spanish and Portuguese, on the other hand, have preserved in Spanish ajedrez , Portuguese xadrez , the Arabic name shâṭ-ranj , < Old Persian chatrang , Sanskrit chaturanga lit. ‘the four angas or members of an army (elephants, horses, chariots, foot-soldiers)’. Compare check n.¹

a. A game of skill played by two persons, on a chequered board divided into sixty-four squares; each player having a set of sixteen ‘men’, consisting of king, queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and eight pawns; the object of the game is to place the adversary's king in checkmate. (In early use, often the chess.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun]

chequer1297

chessc1325

chess-playingc1400

chess-play1481

chests1561

cestes1578

obessea1629

checkmatea1661

chess-game1834

c1180 A. Neckam De Nat. Rerum [cap. De Scaccis] De scaccorum ludo..scribere non erit molestum.]

c1325 Coer de L. 2172 They found Kyng Richard at play, At the chess in his galeye.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28338 (MED) I ha me liked..Til idel gammes, chess and tablis.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 192 They dauncen and they pleyen at Ches [v.r. chesse] & tables.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) i. i. 10 Under this kynge..was this game and playe of the chesse founden.

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke ii. viii. 49 b The Chesse were inuented..by a certaine wiseman called Xerxes.

1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 170 There is no one game which may seeme to represent the state of mans life to the full, so well as the Chesse.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §19 Thus the Devill playd at Chesse with mee.

1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk I. v. 102 It requires a good capacity to play well at chess.

†b. in form chesses, chests.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun]

chequer1297

chessc1325

chess-playingc1400

chess-play1481

chests1561

cestes1578

obessea1629

checkmatea1661

chess-game1834

1440 J. Shirley Cron. Dethe James Stewarde (1818) 12 As the Kyng plaid at the chesses with oone of his knyghtis.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ii. 58 As they were playnge togyder at the chesses.

1561 T. Hoby Breef Rehersall in tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer sig. Yy.iiii^v To be meanly seene in the play at Chestes.

1562 J. Rowbottom (title) The Pleasaunt and Wittie Plaie of the Cheastes.

c1610 J. Donne 2nd Let. to Sir H. Wootton in Poems Whose deepest projects, and egregious gests Are but dull morals of a game at Chests.

1640 G. Watts tr. F. Bacon Of Advancem. Learning iv. i. 181 Chests.

c. figurative.

ΚΠ

c1657 Let. in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1704) III. xv. 497 I have often observ'd, that a desperate game at Chess has been recover'd after the loss of the Nobility, only by playing the pawns well.

1887 F. E. Gretton Classical Coincid. vii. 5 Hannibal, in his famous game of chess with Fabius.

†2. The pieces or board used in playing; the chessmen n. Obsolete. [So medieval Latin scacci, Old French eschecs.]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > chessboard

exchequera1300

chess1303

chequerc1330

quek1376

tablerc1380

chessboard1474

tablier1474

chequerboard1597

chess-table1862

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > a piece

chess1303

chequer1474

chessmen1474

piece1562

pin1688

chess man1853

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 4308 Take furþe the chesse or þe tabler.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1227 His harp, his croude was rike, His tables, his ches he bare.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1733 The Ches was al of yvery, the meyne fressh & newe.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. viii. 184 After that it is said in the chapitres of theschesses.

1618 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1621) 35 Called him the son of a bastard and threw the chess in his face.

3. Loosely used to translate Greek ἀστράγαλοι, πεσσοί, Latin tesseræ, etc.

ΚΠ

1432–50 tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 75 Knyȝhtes of golde playenge with chesses of golde [L. tesseris aureis; Trevisa, dees of golde].

1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 90 And Childishly the quarrel took at Chess [ἀμϕ' ἀστραγάλοισι].

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 143 At Chess [πεσσοῖσι] they vie.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. Also chessboard n., chessmen n.

chess-game n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun]

chequer1297

chessc1325

chess-playingc1400

chess-play1481

chests1561

cestes1578

obessea1629

checkmatea1661

chess-game1834

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii. 8/1 Councillors of State sit plotting, and playing their high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men.

chess-king n.

ΚΠ

1647 J. Hall Poems i. 8 Like Chess-kings brave.

chess-pawn n.

ΚΠ

1831 T. Carlyle in Foreign Q. Rev. Oct. 379 The soldier a chess-pawn to shoot and be shot at.

chess-player n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > player

chessner1625

chess-player1656

chessist1881

1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play 121 (advt.) The Stationer to the Ingenious Chesse-player.

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 269 These machines..sink into insignificance when compared with the automaton chess-player.

chess-playing n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun]

chequer1297

chessc1325

chess-playingc1400

chess-play1481

chests1561

cestes1578

obessea1629

checkmatea1661

chess-game1834

c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 989 Of chesse pleieyng & of tablere.

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 272 The chess-playing machine..was exhibited..in Presburg, Vienna, and Paris.

chess-rook n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > chess-rook

zule1780

chess-rook1863

1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry xvi. 175 The central lozenge harged with a golden chess-rook.

C2.

chess-clock n. (see quot. 1962).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > timer or chronograph

stop-watch1740

time marker1835

time recorder1836

hourglass1852

time clock1857

time lock1858

egg-glass1867

chronograph1868

egg-timer1869

timer1869

gunner's pendulum1876

time switch1884

chess-clock1905

phototimer1942

pinger1950

shot clock1967

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > timer

chess-clock1905

1888 Brit. Chess Mag. Jan. (advt.) Chess Timing Clocks.]

1905 Brit. Chess Mag. 301 We have received from Mr A. Lehmann..a sample of a new chess clock.

1951 ‘Assiac’ Adventure in Chess iii. 92 Before Chess-clocks were in use, match-games would often drag on to twenty hours or more.

1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches 39 Chess clock, special timer for chess players with two movements and two dials, one showing the accumulating time occupied by one player in his moves, and the other the time of the other player.

† chess-maker n. Obsolete one who makes chess-men, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other articles > [noun] > of other specific finished articles

anchorsmith1296

paliser1315

sheather1379

buckler-maker1415

barrow-maker1468

chess-maker1481

belt maker1483

leg-makera1500

reel-makera1500

card maker1511

lattice-maker1550

pale cleaver1578

bead-maker1580

boss-maker1580

balloonier1598

bilbo-smith1632

block-makera1687

pen-makera1703

pipe-maker1766

platemaker1772

stickman1786

safe maker?1789

matchmaker1833

chipmaker1836

labelmaker1844

bandagist1859

hurdler1874

moon cutter1883

tie-maker1901

1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1841) 514 Pay[d] to the chesmaker for ij chesplayes viijd.

chess-master n. an expert chess-player.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > player > expert

grand master1841

master1852

chess-master1886

master1894

1886 Fortn. Rev. 40 765 To depict the masters..who cultivate the royal game, not only as chess-masters pure and simple, but as men.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 31 May 2/1 The chess master must have full control of himself at all times.

1961 Guardian 17 Mar. 8/7 The formation of an ‘International Association of Chessmasters’.

† chess-play n. Obsolete (a) ? a set of materials for the game, chessboard and chessmen (see quot. 1481-90 for chess-maker n.); (b) the game of chess.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun]

chequer1297

chessc1325

chess-playingc1400

chess-play1481

chests1561

cestes1578

obessea1629

checkmatea1661

chess-game1834

1481-90Chesplayes [see chess-maker n.].

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits viii. 112 Chesse-play, is one of the things, which best discouereth the imagination.

1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play This most excellent and delightfull game of Chesse-play.

chess-table n. a small table inlaid as a chessboard.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > chessboard

exchequera1300

chess1303

chequerc1330

quek1376

tablerc1380

chessboard1474

tablier1474

chequerboard1597

chess-table1862

1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 5575 Chess-tables nacre and pearl specimen cribbage board.

1898 A. Bennett Man From North xvii. 161 They had tea on a little round chess-table.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chessn.²

Forms: Also Middle English ches, 1500s–1600s chesse, 1600s guess; plural Middle English ches, 1600s chess(e, ( chests), (1700s chase), 1500s– chesses.

Etymology: Connection with the rows of squares or men on a chessboard has been conjectured. Senses 4, 5 may not belong here; they are however parallel layers.

Obsolete exc. dialect.

1. One tier or layer above another; a storey of a house. Now only dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > horizontal layer or tier

chessc1460

loft1535

tier1569

rank1573

storey1594

degree1611

c1460 Townley Myst. 27 [Of the ark] thre ches chambre, thay ar welle maide.

1631 G. Markham Countrey Contentm. (ed. 4) i. xvi. 99 There is no better way to take him than by setting Roddes drest with water Lime, and set shoring on the edge of the water, one guess [1614 crosse] or row ouer another.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 132 Observe that every board lye direcktly over the board which is layde the next chesse beneath it save one.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. They keep 'em on trays, chess aboon chess, like cheney in a cupboard.

2. A row side by side with another. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row > side by side with another

chess1534

1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 198 ij chesses of perle abowte every of them.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxii. 122 Three or fower chesse of stones.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. liv. 377 These baie trees shall be planted in double chesse.

1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden vi. 14 A gutter..set without with three or foure chesse of Thornes.

a1722 E. Lisle in J. Britten Old Country & Farming Words (E.D.S.) (1880) Gloss. Observ. Husb. 59 Chase-row, In planting quicksets a single chase is a single row: a double chase means another row planted below the first.

†3. plural. The parallel rows of grains in an ear of corn or grass. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of > grass-seed(s)

kernelc1230

chess1562

hayseed1577

vernal1784

1562 W. Turner Herball (1568) 72 [Rice] hath comonly an Ear with ij chesses or orders of corn as barley hath.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 154 The smutty ears are perfect in the chests.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 208 The chaff of the chesses is clung.

a. Military in plural. The parallel planks of a pontoon-bridge.

ΚΠ

1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 488 Placing them at proper distances to fit the chesses or planks that cover the bridge.

1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 277 By removing the chesses over the gunnels, it may be bent.

1868 Daily Tel. 14 Apr. Into these saddles were dropped the balks of timber which support the ‘chesses’..of the bridge.

b. Hence chess man, one whose duty it is to lay the chesses in making a pontoon-bridge.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > engineer > constructor of pontoons

pontonier1757

pontooner1785

chess man1853

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > a piece

chess1303

chequer1474

chessmen1474

piece1562

pin1688

chess man1853

1853 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 3) ii. 68 Rafts Nos. 5 and 6.—Chess Men.—Nos. 1 of No. 5 Raft will bring up two half Chesses and lay them across the Balks.

5. One of the parallel sections into which an apple, etc., may be divided by cutting from pole to pole; ‘the chess or lith of an orange, one of the divisions of it’ (Jamieson). (Scottish)

ΚΠ

a1800 Popular Rhyme in Sibbald Sc. Poet. IV. lix. (Jam.) I've a cherry, I've a chess; I've a bonny blue glass.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chessn.³

Etymology: Compare chess n.² 3.

A kind of grass which grows as a weed among wheat: now chiefly in U.S.: see quotations. Cf. cheat n.¹ 9.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > grasses perceived as weeds > [noun] > other weedy grasses

drakea1325

aegilops1601

chess1736

Vassal's grassa1818

nassella1909

1736 W. Ellis New Exper. Husbandry 71 Chess Grass.

1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) May iii. 40 Chess-Seed Weed [Bromus secalinus].

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (1750) VIII. 304 Chess.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Chess, in New-England, that weed which grows among wheat, and is supposed to be wheat degenerated or changed, as it abounds most in fields where the wheat is winter-killed.

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Cheat, Cheats, or Chess, Bromus secalinus and Lolium temulentum. American C., Bromus Kalmii.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

chessn.⁴

Etymology: < French châssis, and châsse: in 17th cent. English plural chasses ; see chassis n.

Scottish.

1. A window sash; = chassis n.

ΚΠ

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Chess, the frame of wood for a window, a sash. [Still in common use.]

Categories »

2. A printer's chase n.² 2. (In Jamieson.)

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

chessn.⁵

Brit.

/tʃɛs/, U.S.

/tʃɛs/

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown.It has been suggested that chess is an alteration of cheese n.¹ (compare cheesecake n. and cheese pie n. at cheese n.¹ Compounds 2: the former at least denotes a similar dish and did not necessarily contain cheese; compare also chess cake in quot. 1860), but the form chess is not attested as a variant of cheese n.¹ Another theory is that the name is an alteration of chest n.¹ in chest pie, with reference to storing pies in a chest, but no evidence has been found of a form chest pie (or of pie chest). There is an anecdote in which the pie was described as ‘jes' pie’ (just pie), which became chess pie, but there is no evidence to support this.

U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland).

As a modifier. Designating a pie or tart filled with a mixture of eggs, butter, and sugar, to which nuts and fruit are sometimes added. Chiefly in chess pie.Though the exact type of cake mentioned in quot. 1860 is unclear, early uses of chess cake describe a dessert made with these ingredients and baked in a pastry crust, as a pie or tart (see quot. 1917).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > other pies

crustade?c1390

flampointc1390

custardc1450

standing pie1587

pudding pie1593

French pie1611

pirog1662

battalia pie1664

tourte1706

custard pie1729

raised pie1740

sea-pie1751

cream pie1816

pot-pie1823

scrap-pie1829

resurrection pie1831

chess pie1860

Washington pie1878

milk tart1896

angel pie1923

chiffon pie1929

melktert1938

plate pie1946

banoffi pie1974

banoffi1994

1860 F. L. Olmsted Journey in Back Country iii. 127 Pastry..Cranberry pies. Sliced potato pie. Chess cake. Irish pudding.

1866 Amer. Agriculturist Oct. 365/3 Chess Pie.—For two pies of common size, take 4 eggs, 2 cups sugar, 1 cup cream, ⅔ cup butter, 1 tablespoonful flour, and flavor with nutmeg.

1917 Delta Cook Bk. 56 Old-fashioned chess cake. Yolks of 8 eggs, ½ pound of butter, ½ pound of sugar... Bake in rich pie crusts.

1984 J. Choate Great Amer. Pie Bk. 131/1 I had heard of chess tarts long before I tasted one... Some are dressed up with raisins and nuts, others are plain and simple.

2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 21 Sept. (Food section) e1 We drove through the rain to an old soul-food restaurant... I had smothered pork chops, cracklin' bread, dressing, chess pie.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chessv.

Etymology: ? < chess n.²

dialect.

ΚΠ

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Chess, to pile up.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

n.¹1303

n.²c1460

n.³1736

n.⁴1808

n.⁵1860

v.1828

单词	chess
释义	chessn.¹ Brit. /tʃɛs/, U.S. /tʃɛs/ Forms: Middle English ches, chees, Middle English–1600s chesse, Middle English schesse, Middle English, 1600s– chess; (in combinations) 1500s cheast, Scottish chas, 1500s–1600s chest(e, 1600s ches; also Middle English–1500s chesses, 1500s chestes, cheast(e)s, 1600s chests. Etymology: Middle English ches , chess , aphetic < Anglo-Norman and Old French eschès (Old French also eschecs , eschas , eschax , escas , modern French échecs = échè-z ) ‘chequers, chess’, plural of eschec (escac , etc.) check n.¹ So medieval Latin had scacci , scāci , scāchi , Italian scacchi , Provençal escacos , all plurals, as name of the game; Spanish and Portuguese, on the other hand, have preserved in Spanish ajedrez , Portuguese xadrez , the Arabic name shâṭ-ranj , < Old Persian chatrang , Sanskrit chaturanga lit. ‘the four angas or members of an army (elephants, horses, chariots, foot-soldiers)’. Compare check n.¹ 1. a. A game of skill played by two persons, on a chequered board divided into sixty-four squares; each player having a set of sixteen ‘men’, consisting of king, queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and eight pawns; the object of the game is to place the adversary's king in checkmate. (In early use, often the chess.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] chequer1297 chessc1325 chess-playingc1400 chess-play1481 chests1561 cestes1578 obessea1629 checkmatea1661 chess-game1834 c1180 A. Neckam De Nat. Rerum [cap. De Scaccis] De scaccorum ludo..scribere non erit molestum.] c1325 Coer de L. 2172 They found Kyng Richard at play, At the chess in his galeye. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28338 (MED) I ha me liked..Til idel gammes, chess and tablis. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 192 They dauncen and they pleyen at Ches [v.r. chesse] & tables. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) i. i. 10 Under this kynge..was this game and playe of the chesse founden. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke ii. viii. 49 b The Chesse were inuented..by a certaine wiseman called Xerxes. 1630 R. Brathwait Eng. Gentleman 170 There is no one game which may seeme to represent the state of mans life to the full, so well as the Chesse. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §19 Thus the Devill playd at Chesse with mee. View more context for this quotation 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk I. v. 102 It requires a good capacity to play well at chess. †b. in form chesses, chests. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] chequer1297 chessc1325 chess-playingc1400 chess-play1481 chests1561 cestes1578 obessea1629 checkmatea1661 chess-game1834 1440 J. Shirley Cron. Dethe James Stewarde (1818) 12 As the Kyng plaid at the chesses with oone of his knyghtis. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ii. 58 As they were playnge togyder at the chesses. 1561 T. Hoby Breef Rehersall in tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer sig. Yy.iiii^v To be meanly seene in the play at Chestes. 1562 J. Rowbottom (title) The Pleasaunt and Wittie Plaie of the Cheastes. c1610 J. Donne 2nd Let. to Sir H. Wootton in Poems Whose deepest projects, and egregious gests Are but dull morals of a game at Chests. 1640 G. Watts tr. F. Bacon Of Advancem. Learning iv. i. 181 Chests. c. figurative. ΚΠ c1657 Let. in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1704) III. xv. 497 I have often observ'd, that a desperate game at Chess has been recover'd after the loss of the Nobility, only by playing the pawns well. 1887 F. E. Gretton Classical Coincid. vii. 5 Hannibal, in his famous game of chess with Fabius. †2. The pieces or board used in playing; the chessmen n. Obsolete. [So medieval Latin scacci, Old French eschecs.] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > chessboard exchequera1300 chess1303 chequerc1330 quek1376 tablerc1380 chessboard1474 tablier1474 chequerboard1597 chess-table1862 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > a piece chess1303 chequer1474 chessmen1474 piece1562 pin1688 chess man1853 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 4308 Take furþe the chesse or þe tabler. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1227 His harp, his croude was rike, His tables, his ches he bare. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1733 The Ches was al of yvery, the meyne fressh & newe. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. viii. 184 After that it is said in the chapitres of theschesses. 1618 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1621) 35 Called him the son of a bastard and threw the chess in his face. 3. Loosely used to translate Greek ἀστράγαλοι, πεσσοί, Latin tesseræ, etc. ΚΠ 1432–50 tr. Higden (Rolls) VII. 75 Knyȝhtes of golde playenge with chesses of golde [L. tesseris aureis; Trevisa, dees of golde]. 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 90 And Childishly the quarrel took at Chess [ἀμϕ' ἀστραγάλοισι]. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 143 At Chess [πεσσοῖσι] they vie. Compounds C1. General attributive. Also chessboard n., chessmen n. chess-game n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] chequer1297 chessc1325 chess-playingc1400 chess-play1481 chests1561 cestes1578 obessea1629 checkmatea1661 chess-game1834 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii. 8/1 Councillors of State sit plotting, and playing their high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men. chess-king n. ΚΠ 1647 J. Hall Poems i. 8 Like Chess-kings brave. chess-pawn n. ΚΠ 1831 T. Carlyle in Foreign Q. Rev. Oct. 379 The soldier a chess-pawn to shoot and be shot at. chess-player n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > player chessner1625 chess-player1656 chessist1881 1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play 121 (advt.) The Stationer to the Ingenious Chesse-player. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 269 These machines..sink into insignificance when compared with the automaton chess-player. chess-playing n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] chequer1297 chessc1325 chess-playingc1400 chess-play1481 chests1561 cestes1578 obessea1629 checkmatea1661 chess-game1834 c1400 St. Alexius (Laud 622) 989 Of chesse pleieyng & of tablere. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 272 The chess-playing machine..was exhibited..in Presburg, Vienna, and Paris. chess-rook n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > chess-rook zule1780 chess-rook1863 1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry xvi. 175 The central lozenge harged with a golden chess-rook. C2. chess-clock n. (see quot. 1962). ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > timer or chronograph stop-watch1740 time marker1835 time recorder1836 hourglass1852 time clock1857 time lock1858 egg-glass1867 chronograph1868 egg-timer1869 timer1869 gunner's pendulum1876 time switch1884 chess-clock1905 phototimer1942 pinger1950 shot clock1967 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > timer chess-clock1905 1888 Brit. Chess Mag. Jan. (advt.) Chess Timing Clocks.] 1905 Brit. Chess Mag. 301 We have received from Mr A. Lehmann..a sample of a new chess clock. 1951 ‘Assiac’ Adventure in Chess iii. 92 Before Chess-clocks were in use, match-games would often drag on to twenty hours or more. 1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches 39 Chess clock, special timer for chess players with two movements and two dials, one showing the accumulating time occupied by one player in his moves, and the other the time of the other player. † chess-maker n. Obsolete one who makes chess-men, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other articles > [noun] > of other specific finished articles anchorsmith1296 paliser1315 sheather1379 buckler-maker1415 barrow-maker1468 chess-maker1481 belt maker1483 leg-makera1500 reel-makera1500 card maker1511 lattice-maker1550 pale cleaver1578 bead-maker1580 boss-maker1580 balloonier1598 bilbo-smith1632 block-makera1687 pen-makera1703 pipe-maker1766 platemaker1772 stickman1786 safe maker?1789 matchmaker1833 chipmaker1836 labelmaker1844 bandagist1859 hurdler1874 moon cutter1883 tie-maker1901 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1841) 514 Pay[d] to the chesmaker for ij chesplayes viijd. chess-master n. an expert chess-player. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > player > expert grand master1841 master1852 chess-master1886 master1894 1886 Fortn. Rev. 40 765 To depict the masters..who cultivate the royal game, not only as chess-masters pure and simple, but as men. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 31 May 2/1 The chess master must have full control of himself at all times. 1961 Guardian 17 Mar. 8/7 The formation of an ‘International Association of Chessmasters’. † chess-play n. Obsolete (a) ? a set of materials for the game, chessboard and chessmen (see quot. 1481-90 for chess-maker n.); (b) the game of chess. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] chequer1297 chessc1325 chess-playingc1400 chess-play1481 chests1561 cestes1578 obessea1629 checkmatea1661 chess-game1834 1481-90Chesplayes [see chess-maker n.]. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits viii. 112 Chesse-play, is one of the things, which best discouereth the imagination. 1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play This most excellent and delightfull game of Chesse-play. chess-table n. a small table inlaid as a chessboard. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > chessboard exchequera1300 chess1303 chequerc1330 quek1376 tablerc1380 chessboard1474 tablier1474 chequerboard1597 chess-table1862 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 5575 Chess-tables nacre and pearl specimen cribbage board. 1898 A. Bennett Man From North xvii. 161 They had tea on a little round chess-table. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). chessn.² Forms: Also Middle English ches, 1500s–1600s chesse, 1600s guess; plural Middle English ches, 1600s chess(e, ( chests), (1700s chase), 1500s– chesses. Etymology: Connection with the rows of squares or men on a chessboard has been conjectured. Senses 4, 5 may not belong here; they are however parallel layers. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. One tier or layer above another; a storey of a house. Now only dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > horizontal layer or tier chessc1460 loft1535 tier1569 rank1573 storey1594 degree1611 c1460 Townley Myst. 27 [Of the ark] thre ches chambre, thay ar welle maide. 1631 G. Markham Countrey Contentm. (ed. 4) i. xvi. 99 There is no better way to take him than by setting Roddes drest with water Lime, and set shoring on the edge of the water, one guess [1614 crosse] or row ouer another. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 132 Observe that every board lye direcktly over the board which is layde the next chesse beneath it save one. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. They keep 'em on trays, chess aboon chess, like cheney in a cupboard. 2. A row side by side with another. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row > side by side with another chess1534 1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 198 ij chesses of perle abowte every of them. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxii. 122 Three or fower chesse of stones. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. liv. 377 These baie trees shall be planted in double chesse. 1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden vi. 14 A gutter..set without with three or foure chesse of Thornes. a1722 E. Lisle in J. Britten Old Country & Farming Words (E.D.S.) (1880) Gloss. Observ. Husb. 59 Chase-row, In planting quicksets a single chase is a single row: a double chase means another row planted below the first. †3. plural. The parallel rows of grains in an ear of corn or grass. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of > grass-seed(s) kernelc1230 chess1562 hayseed1577 vernal1784 1562 W. Turner Herball (1568) 72 [Rice] hath comonly an Ear with ij chesses or orders of corn as barley hath. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 154 The smutty ears are perfect in the chests. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 208 The chaff of the chesses is clung. 4. a. Military in plural. The parallel planks of a pontoon-bridge. ΚΠ 1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 488 Placing them at proper distances to fit the chesses or planks that cover the bridge. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 277 By removing the chesses over the gunnels, it may be bent. 1868 Daily Tel. 14 Apr. Into these saddles were dropped the balks of timber which support the ‘chesses’..of the bridge. b. Hence chess man, one whose duty it is to lay the chesses in making a pontoon-bridge. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > engineer > constructor of pontoons pontonier1757 pontooner1785 chess man1853 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > a piece chess1303 chequer1474 chessmen1474 piece1562 pin1688 chess man1853 1853 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 3) ii. 68 Rafts Nos. 5 and 6.—Chess Men.—Nos. 1 of No. 5 Raft will bring up two half Chesses and lay them across the Balks. 5. One of the parallel sections into which an apple, etc., may be divided by cutting from pole to pole; ‘the chess or lith of an orange, one of the divisions of it’ (Jamieson). (Scottish) ΚΠ a1800 Popular Rhyme in Sibbald Sc. Poet. IV. lix. (Jam.) I've a cherry, I've a chess; I've a bonny blue glass. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). chessn.³ Etymology: Compare chess n.² 3. A kind of grass which grows as a weed among wheat: now chiefly in U.S.: see quotations. Cf. cheat n.¹ 9. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > grasses perceived as weeds > [noun] > other weedy grasses drakea1325 aegilops1601 chess1736 Vassal's grassa1818 nassella1909 1736 W. Ellis New Exper. Husbandry 71 Chess Grass. 1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) May iii. 40 Chess-Seed Weed [Bromus secalinus]. 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (1750) VIII. 304 Chess. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Chess, in New-England, that weed which grows among wheat, and is supposed to be wheat degenerated or changed, as it abounds most in fields where the wheat is winter-killed. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Cheat, Cheats, or Chess, Bromus secalinus and Lolium temulentum. American C., Bromus Kalmii. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021). chessn.⁴ Etymology: < French châssis, and châsse: in 17th cent. English plural chasses ; see chassis n. Scottish. 1. A window sash; = chassis n. ΚΠ 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Chess, the frame of wood for a window, a sash. [Still in common use.] Categories » 2. A printer's chase n.² 2. (In Jamieson.) This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021). chessn.⁵ Brit. /tʃɛs/, U.S. /tʃɛs/ Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.It has been suggested that chess is an alteration of cheese n.¹ (compare cheesecake n. and cheese pie n. at cheese n.¹ Compounds 2: the former at least denotes a similar dish and did not necessarily contain cheese; compare also chess cake in quot. 1860), but the form chess is not attested as a variant of cheese n.¹ Another theory is that the name is an alteration of chest n.¹ in chest pie, with reference to storing pies in a chest, but no evidence has been found of a form chest pie (or of pie chest). There is an anecdote in which the pie was described as ‘jes' pie’ (just pie), which became chess pie, but there is no evidence to support this. U.S. regional (chiefly southern and south Midland). As a modifier. Designating a pie or tart filled with a mixture of eggs, butter, and sugar, to which nuts and fruit are sometimes added. Chiefly in chess pie.Though the exact type of cake mentioned in quot. 1860 is unclear, early uses of chess cake describe a dessert made with these ingredients and baked in a pastry crust, as a pie or tart (see quot. 1917). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > other pies crustade?c1390 flampointc1390 custardc1450 standing pie1587 pudding pie1593 French pie1611 pirog1662 battalia pie1664 tourte1706 custard pie1729 raised pie1740 sea-pie1751 cream pie1816 pot-pie1823 scrap-pie1829 resurrection pie1831 chess pie1860 Washington pie1878 milk tart1896 angel pie1923 chiffon pie1929 melktert1938 plate pie1946 banoffi pie1974 banoffi1994 1860 F. L. Olmsted Journey in Back Country iii. 127 Pastry..Cranberry pies. Sliced potato pie. Chess cake. Irish pudding. 1866 Amer. Agriculturist Oct. 365/3 Chess Pie.—For two pies of common size, take 4 eggs, 2 cups sugar, 1 cup cream, ⅔ cup butter, 1 tablespoonful flour, and flavor with nutmeg. 1917 Delta Cook Bk. 56 Old-fashioned chess cake. Yolks of 8 eggs, ½ pound of butter, ½ pound of sugar... Bake in rich pie crusts. 1984 J. Choate Great Amer. Pie Bk. 131/1 I had heard of chess tarts long before I tasted one... Some are dressed up with raisins and nuts, others are plain and simple. 2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 21 Sept. (Food section) e1 We drove through the rain to an old soul-food restaurant... I had smothered pork chops, cracklin' bread, dressing, chess pie. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). chessv. Etymology: ? < chess n.² dialect. ΚΠ 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Chess, to pile up. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.¹1303n.²c1460n.³1736n.⁴1808n.⁵1860v.1828
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chessn.1

Compounds

chessn.2

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chessn.5

chessv.

chessn.¹

chessn.²

chessn.³

chessn.⁴

chessn.⁵