agan.¹

Brit.

/ˈɑːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈɑɡə/

Forms: 1500s agar, 1500s– aga, 1600s agaes (plural), 1600s agaw, 1700s– agha, 1900s– ağa.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Etymons: French aga; Ottoman Turkish aġā.

Etymology: < (i) French aga (1542 in the passage translated in quot. 1542), and its etymon (ii) Ottoman Turkish aġā master, leader, also used as a title for various offices (military and civilian), especially among the Janissaries (Turkish ağa ), ultimately < Mongolian; compare classical Mongolian aq-a older brother or uncle, social superior, also used as respectful form of address (Mongolian akh ). Compare Persian āqā , title of respect, also used as standard form of address for a man (formerly also āġā , which is no longer used in this sense; < Mongolian). With the use in quot. 2009 compare Kurdish aġā leader of a village or larger group (probably < Ottoman Turkish).With aga of the Janissaries (e.g. in quot. 1542) compare Ottoman Turkish yeñiçeri aġāsi. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ăgā·, æ·gă) /əˈɡɑː/, /ˈæɡə/.

In Muslim countries (esp. under the Ottoman Empire): (originally) a military commander or senior officer; (subsequently also) a civil officer or tribal chieftain. Frequently as a title of distinction (e.g. in Turkey for a powerful landowner). Cf. Aga Khan n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > in Turkish or Ottoman Empire

aga1542

Reis Effendi1668

1542 tr. A. Geuffroy Order Greate Turckes Courte sig. b.i Theyr .ii. captaines named Solachbassi..obey to the Aga capitaine of the Iannissaires [Fr. a laga des Iannissaires].

1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 11^v The Liefetenant of Mustafa, and y^e Aga of y^e Giannizzers [It. dell'Aga de' Giannizzeri].

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. 386 Neither can they be judged by any but the Agaes.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 15 The Agaw, the principall officer next to the Bassa.

1667 London Gaz. cxxxv/2 The Aga of the Janisaries in quality of paymaster to the Army.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 7 We went to visit the Aga with a small present in our hands.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor lxvii. 229 Headed by a Chiaush, or the Messenger of an Aga.

1806 N. Biddle Let. 14 June in R. A. McNeal N. Biddle in Greece (1993) 173 I eat a little yourt with the Aga.

1865 Daily Tel. 6 Nov. 5/5 The different tribes..and the aghas who are to command them.

1950 H. A. R. Gibb & H. Bowen Islamic Society & West I. 329 The Lowest Aǧa was himself put on guard duty at the hours of Ablution (Âbdest) and prayers.

1958 K. Johnstone tr. I. Andríc Bosnian Story Prol. 4 He'll sit..ordering this and re-arranging that..seeing how you Begs and Agas behave yourselves and how the Christians are treated.

2009 Church Times 11 Dec. 12/3 Local Kurdish aghas have been using strong-arm tactics to bully villagers and officials.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Agan.²

Brit.

/ˈɑːɡə/, U.S.

/ˈɑɡə/

Origin: A borrowing from Swedish. Etymon: Swedish Aga.

Etymology: < Swedish Aga, acronym < the initial letters of Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator ‘Gas Accumulator Company’ (founded 1904), the original manufacturers.

A proprietary name for: a type of large, heavy heat-retaining stove or range, used for cooking and heating. Also more fully Aga cooker, Aga stove.Agas were first manufactured in the United Kingdom in 1929.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun]

range1423

buccan1611

fire-range1668

stew-stove1727

screw-range1772

stew-hole1780

cooking stove1796

range stove1803

cooking range1805

cookstove1820

kitchener1829

gas range1853

cooker1860

gas cooker1873

Soyer's stove1878

hay-box1885

blazer1889

machine oven1890

paraffin stove1891

primus1893

electric cooker1894

electric range1894

Yukon stove1898

fireless cooker1904

picnic stove1910

pressure stove1914

Tommy cooker1915

rangette1922

Aga1931

barbecue1931

Rayburn1947

sigri1949

jiko1973

1931 Trade Marks Jrnl. 15 July 972 Aga... Bell's Heat Appliances Limited, 157 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.4, Manufacturers.

1937 Trade Marks Jrnl. 10 Mar. 272/1 Aga... Cooking stoves, water heating stoves, and steam-heated hot water supply apparatus for domestic use. Aga Heat Limited,..London, W.1; manufacturers.

1938 L. MacNeice I crossed Minch vii. 98 Four Siamese cats, very large, sat on the Aga cooker.

1956 M. Stewart Wildfire at Midnight xvi. 129 The cook was busy over the Aga.

a1961 J. Cannan All is Discovered (1962) i. 10 Her daughters returned to the..kitchen and resumed their occupation of leaning against the Aga stove and discussing their parents.

1976 ‘W. Trevor’ Children of Dynmouth viii. 169 She said it in the kitchen,..looking round from the Aga where she was frying bacon.

1986 A. Price For Good of State ii. ii. 46 A middle-aged solid fuel Aga stove.

2009 Independent on Sunday 15 Dec. 6/2 Even in slumber mode, an Aga is producing as much heat for heating the kitchen as a normal central heating radiator.

Compounds

Aga saga n. (also with lower-case initial) [so called from the association of Aga stoves with the British rural middle classes] a type of popular novel, typically set in an English village or country town, that deals with the domestic and emotional lives of articulate middle- or upper-middle-class characters.Applied spec. to the novels of Joanna Trollope (b. 1943).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > other types of novel

political novel1735

comic novel1787

epistolary1804

autobiographical novel1832

Robinsonade1837

roman1867

sea-book1867

roman à clef1882

roman expérimental1884

hill-top novel1895

saga1895

Bildungsroman1910

pulp fiction1931

American Gothic1938

Künstlerroman1941

suspense novel1952

nouveau roman1959

sword and sorcery1961

graphic novel1964

non-fiction novel1965

schlockbuster1966

dark fantasy1968

celebrity novel1969

swashbuckler1975

chick lit1988

splatterpunk1988

Aga saga1992

1992 T. Blacker in Publishing News 11 Dec. 4 The Aga Saga must come from someone who talks like a member of the Royal Family and who's never happier..than when trudging through the fields with the dogs.

1995 Guardian 28 Mar. ii. 6/4 The Best of Friends is Trollope's seventh Aga saga so far, and easily her most complex in terms of plot.

2007 M. C. Beaton Agatha Raisin & Fairies of Fryfam 62 The next [book] was an Aga saga, a novel set in a village where a well-heeled middle-aged woman found out her husband was unfaithful.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aga
释义	agan.¹ Brit. /ˈɑːɡə/, U.S. /ˈɑɡə/ Forms: 1500s agar, 1500s– aga, 1600s agaes (plural), 1600s agaw, 1700s– agha, 1900s– ağa. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Etymons: French aga; Ottoman Turkish aġā. Etymology: < (i) French aga (1542 in the passage translated in quot. 1542), and its etymon (ii) Ottoman Turkish aġā master, leader, also used as a title for various offices (military and civilian), especially among the Janissaries (Turkish ağa ), ultimately < Mongolian; compare classical Mongolian aq-a older brother or uncle, social superior, also used as respectful form of address (Mongolian akh ). Compare Persian āqā , title of respect, also used as standard form of address for a man (formerly also āġā , which is no longer used in this sense; < Mongolian). With the use in quot. 2009 compare Kurdish aġā leader of a village or larger group (probably < Ottoman Turkish).With aga of the Janissaries (e.g. in quot. 1542) compare Ottoman Turkish yeñiçeri aġāsi. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ăgā·, æ·gă) /əˈɡɑː/, /ˈæɡə/. In Muslim countries (esp. under the Ottoman Empire): (originally) a military commander or senior officer; (subsequently also) a civil officer or tribal chieftain. Frequently as a title of distinction (e.g. in Turkey for a powerful landowner). Cf. Aga Khan n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces praetor?a1439 aga1542 emir1542 imperator1590 crownerc1600 ban1614 sardar1615 duke1652 dey1656 hetman1710 stratopedarch1788 commandant1791 tuchun1917 war-lord1922 myriarch1949 society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > in Turkish or Ottoman Empire aga1542 Reis Effendi1668 1542 tr. A. Geuffroy Order Greate Turckes Courte sig. b.i Theyr .ii. captaines named Solachbassi..obey to the Aga capitaine of the Iannissaires [Fr. a laga des Iannissaires]. 1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 11^v The Liefetenant of Mustafa, and y^e Aga of y^e Giannizzers [It. dell'Aga de' Giannizzeri]. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. 386 Neither can they be judged by any but the Agaes. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 15 The Agaw, the principall officer next to the Bassa. 1667 London Gaz. cxxxv/2 The Aga of the Janisaries in quality of paymaster to the Army. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 7 We went to visit the Aga with a small present in our hands. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor lxvii. 229 Headed by a Chiaush, or the Messenger of an Aga. 1806 N. Biddle Let. 14 June in R. A. McNeal N. Biddle in Greece (1993) 173 I eat a little yourt with the Aga. 1865 Daily Tel. 6 Nov. 5/5 The different tribes..and the aghas who are to command them. 1950 H. A. R. Gibb & H. Bowen Islamic Society & West I. 329 The Lowest Aǧa was himself put on guard duty at the hours of Ablution (Âbdest) and prayers. 1958 K. Johnstone tr. I. Andríc Bosnian Story Prol. 4 He'll sit..ordering this and re-arranging that..seeing how you Begs and Agas behave yourselves and how the Christians are treated. 2009 Church Times 11 Dec. 12/3 Local Kurdish aghas have been using strong-arm tactics to bully villagers and officials. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Agan.² Brit. /ˈɑːɡə/, U.S. /ˈɑɡə/ Origin: A borrowing from Swedish. Etymon: Swedish Aga. Etymology: < Swedish Aga, acronym < the initial letters of Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator ‘Gas Accumulator Company’ (founded 1904), the original manufacturers. A proprietary name for: a type of large, heavy heat-retaining stove or range, used for cooking and heating. Also more fully Aga cooker, Aga stove.Agas were first manufactured in the United Kingdom in 1929. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] range1423 buccan1611 fire-range1668 stew-stove1727 screw-range1772 stew-hole1780 cooking stove1796 range stove1803 cooking range1805 cookstove1820 kitchener1829 gas range1853 cooker1860 gas cooker1873 Soyer's stove1878 hay-box1885 blazer1889 machine oven1890 paraffin stove1891 primus1893 electric cooker1894 electric range1894 Yukon stove1898 fireless cooker1904 picnic stove1910 pressure stove1914 Tommy cooker1915 rangette1922 Aga1931 barbecue1931 Rayburn1947 sigri1949 jiko1973 1931 Trade Marks Jrnl. 15 July 972 Aga... Bell's Heat Appliances Limited, 157 Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.4, Manufacturers. 1937 Trade Marks Jrnl. 10 Mar. 272/1 Aga... Cooking stoves, water heating stoves, and steam-heated hot water supply apparatus for domestic use. Aga Heat Limited,..London, W.1; manufacturers. 1938 L. MacNeice I crossed Minch vii. 98 Four Siamese cats, very large, sat on the Aga cooker. 1956 M. Stewart Wildfire at Midnight xvi. 129 The cook was busy over the Aga. a1961 J. Cannan All is Discovered (1962) i. 10 Her daughters returned to the..kitchen and resumed their occupation of leaning against the Aga stove and discussing their parents. 1976 ‘W. Trevor’ Children of Dynmouth viii. 169 She said it in the kitchen,..looking round from the Aga where she was frying bacon. 1986 A. Price For Good of State ii. ii. 46 A middle-aged solid fuel Aga stove. 2009 Independent on Sunday 15 Dec. 6/2 Even in slumber mode, an Aga is producing as much heat for heating the kitchen as a normal central heating radiator. Compounds Aga saga n. (also with lower-case initial) [so called from the association of Aga stoves with the British rural middle classes] a type of popular novel, typically set in an English village or country town, that deals with the domestic and emotional lives of articulate middle- or upper-middle-class characters.Applied spec. to the novels of Joanna Trollope (b. 1943). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > other types of novel political novel1735 comic novel1787 epistolary1804 autobiographical novel1832 Robinsonade1837 roman1867 sea-book1867 roman à clef1882 roman expérimental1884 hill-top novel1895 saga1895 Bildungsroman1910 pulp fiction1931 American Gothic1938 Künstlerroman1941 suspense novel1952 nouveau roman1959 sword and sorcery1961 graphic novel1964 non-fiction novel1965 schlockbuster1966 dark fantasy1968 celebrity novel1969 swashbuckler1975 chick lit1988 splatterpunk1988 Aga saga1992 1992 T. Blacker in Publishing News 11 Dec. 4 The Aga Saga must come from someone who talks like a member of the Royal Family and who's never happier..than when trudging through the fields with the dogs. 1995 Guardian 28 Mar. ii. 6/4 The Best of Friends is Trollope's seventh Aga saga so far, and easily her most complex in terms of plot. 2007 M. C. Beaton Agatha Raisin & Fairies of Fryfam 62 The next [book] was an Aga saga, a novel set in a village where a well-heeled middle-aged woman found out her husband was unfaithful. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1542n.²1931
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agan.1

Agan.2

Compounds

agan.¹

Agan.²