chemiosmoticadj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmɪɒzˈmɒtɪk/, U.S.

/ˌkɛmiɑzˈmɑdɪk/,

/ˌkɛmiɑˈsmɑdɪk/

Forms:

α. 1800s– chemosmotic.

β. 1900s– chemiosmotic.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: chemiosmosis n., -otic suffix.

Etymology: < chemiosmosis n. (see -otic suffix), originally after German chemosmotisch (O. Loew 1871, in Jrnl. f. praktische Chemie 112 271).

†1. Chemistry. (Usually in form chemosmotic.) Of a chemical interaction or phenomenon: involving the diffusion of a substance, esp. across a membrane. Cf. chemiosmosis n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1872 O. Loew in Amer. Chemist 2 293/2 (title) On some chemosmotic phenomena and a new theory of fermentation.

1872 O. Loew in Amer. Chemist 2 294/1 If these interstices are too small to permit such motions, then a ‘chemosmotic’ decomposition will set in.

2. Biochemistry. Of, relating to, or involving a process in which ions are translocated across a membrane to produce an electrochemical gradient, or diffuse passively down such a gradient; spec. designating a theory (now generally accepted) that energy for biochemical processes is supplied by creation of a gradient of hydrogen ion (proton) concentration across a membrane; relating to or conforming to this theory.The theory was proposed by Peter Mitchell to explain how the energy for oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) arose from the pumping of protons across the membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, coupled with electron transport within the membranes.

ΚΠ

1957 P. Mitchell in E. M. Crook Structure & Function Subcellular Components (1959) 91 I would venture to suggest that the function of the membranes of mitochondria and of the endoplasmic reticulum may be, like that of the plasma-membrane, to act as chemi-osmotic links between the media that they separate.

1965 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 27 68A/2 The chemosmotic hypothesis of respiratory chain phosphorylation.

1971 Water Resources Res. 7 659/2 The chemosmotic potential..is present whenever two aqueous solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

1984 E. Holtzman & A. B. Novikoff Cells & Organelles (ed. 3) ii. vi. 189 Chemiosmotic mechanisms like the one suggested for mitochondria have provided convincing explanations for the functioning of other membrane systems with which mitochondria share some features.

1998 Plant Cell 10 267/1 The prevailing chemosmotic model for energy-dependent transport in plants.

2003 A. E. Shamoo & D. B. Resnik Responsible Conduct of Res. ii. 34 The chemiosmotic theory was originally considered heresy because it contradicted the long-held phosphorylated intermediate theory for the synthesis of ATP.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chemiosmotic
释义	chemiosmoticadj. Brit. /ˌkɛmɪɒzˈmɒtɪk/, U.S. /ˌkɛmiɑzˈmɑdɪk/, /ˌkɛmiɑˈsmɑdɪk/ Forms: α. 1800s– chemosmotic. β. 1900s– chemiosmotic. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: chemiosmosis n., -otic suffix. Etymology: < chemiosmosis n. (see -otic suffix), originally after German chemosmotisch (O. Loew 1871, in Jrnl. f. praktische Chemie 112 271). †1. Chemistry. (Usually in form chemosmotic.) Of a chemical interaction or phenomenon: involving the diffusion of a substance, esp. across a membrane. Cf. chemiosmosis n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1872 O. Loew in Amer. Chemist 2 293/2 (title) On some chemosmotic phenomena and a new theory of fermentation. 1872 O. Loew in Amer. Chemist 2 294/1 If these interstices are too small to permit such motions, then a ‘chemosmotic’ decomposition will set in. 2. Biochemistry. Of, relating to, or involving a process in which ions are translocated across a membrane to produce an electrochemical gradient, or diffuse passively down such a gradient; spec. designating a theory (now generally accepted) that energy for biochemical processes is supplied by creation of a gradient of hydrogen ion (proton) concentration across a membrane; relating to or conforming to this theory.The theory was proposed by Peter Mitchell to explain how the energy for oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) arose from the pumping of protons across the membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, coupled with electron transport within the membranes. ΚΠ 1957 P. Mitchell in E. M. Crook Structure & Function Subcellular Components (1959) 91 I would venture to suggest that the function of the membranes of mitochondria and of the endoplasmic reticulum may be, like that of the plasma-membrane, to act as chemi-osmotic links between the media that they separate. 1965 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 27 68A/2 The chemosmotic hypothesis of respiratory chain phosphorylation. 1971 Water Resources Res. 7 659/2 The chemosmotic potential..is present whenever two aqueous solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semipermeable membrane. 1984 E. Holtzman & A. B. Novikoff Cells & Organelles (ed. 3) ii. vi. 189 Chemiosmotic mechanisms like the one suggested for mitochondria have provided convincing explanations for the functioning of other membrane systems with which mitochondria share some features. 1998 Plant Cell 10 267/1 The prevailing chemosmotic model for energy-dependent transport in plants. 2003 A. E. Shamoo & D. B. Resnik Responsible Conduct of Res. ii. 34 The chemiosmotic theory was originally considered heresy because it contradicted the long-held phosphorylated intermediate theory for the synthesis of ATP. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1872
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