aftwardadj.n.adv.

Brit.

/ˈɑːftwəd/,

/ˈaftwəd/, U.S.

/ˈæftwərd/

Forms: Old English æftanweard, Old English æftewærd, Old English æfteward, Old English æfteweard, Old English æftewerd, Old English æftewyrd, 1500s– aftward.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly inherited from Germanic. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: aft adv., -ward suffix.

Etymology: A merging of two distinct words: (i) Old English æftanweard < æftan (see aft adv.) + -ward suffix; and (ii) Old English æfteweard < the Germanic base of Gothic afta (see aft adv. and adj.) + -ward suffix; ultimately representing parallel formations with different suffixation of the same first element; the two words had apparently already merged in sense in Old English. In later use probably partly re-formed < aft adv. + -ward suffix. Compare afterward adj., afterward adv.Apparently unattested between the Old English period and the early 16th cent.

A. adj.

†1. With partitive sense.

a. The back or rear part of. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Riddle 62 5 Rinc bið on ofeste, se mec on þyð æftanweardne, hæleð mid hrægle.

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 95 Occiput, æfteweard hæfod, uel postex.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Laud) xxxiii. 23 Ic do mine hand aweg and þu gesihst me æftewearde [OE Claud. æfterweardne; L. videbis posteriora mea]. Ne miht þu mine ansine geseon.

b. The end or latter part of. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. ii. 158 Tellað þreo and twentig daga fram æfteweardum Martium upweard.

OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxxviii. Introd. And eac on æfteweardum þæm sealme he wilnode ealra swiðost þæt him God sealde sume frofre..on þys[an] andweardum life.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1114 Ðises geares on æfteward Mai wæs gesewen an selcuð steorra mid langan leoman manege niht scinende.

2. Originally Nautical. That is situated or positioned near the stern or rear.

ΚΠ

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 5 The..forward or aftward beames.

1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. iii. Heel of the mast, signifies that part of the Foot of any Mast which is par'd away slanting on the Aftward side thereof, in order that it may be Stay'd aftward on.

1762 Naval Dict. in Gen. Hist. Sieges & Battles VI. 171 Heel, of the main, fore, and mizen masts, is only that part which is pared away a little slanting on the aftward side of the foot of the mast.

1849 J. M. Murphy & W. N. Jeffers Naut. Routine & Stowage iii. 6 The aftward course of the water is indicated by the dotted arrow.

1895 A. E. Seaton Man. Marine Engin. (ed. 12) ix. 199 In double crank engines the aftward crank has not only to resist the action of its own piston, but also to transmit the twisting strain of the forward engine.

1947 Classical Q. 42 129 There is a fragment of a relief,..which shows an aftward part of the galley.

1992 J. Grant Compl. Canvasworker's Guide (ed. 2) v. 53 Only the sleeves and tails along the forward and aftward ends are likely to cause some headscratching.

†B. n.

The back, the rear part; the end, the latter part. Obsolete.Only in Old English.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 58 Ac he [sc. Benedict] tihte us on æfteweardan þæs ylcan regoles, to geðungenra lareowa lifes drohtnungum.

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 292 Haud adverbivm, þæt is on englisc nates hwon, sceal habban h on forewerdan and d on æfteweardan [OE Royal 15 B.xxii æftewerdan, c1225 Worcester bæften].

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) xxviii. 44 Hi lænað eow & ge ne lænað him; hi beoð on foreweard [OE Laud forwearde] & ge on æfteweard [L. ipse erit in caput et tu eris in caudam].

OE Prognostics (Tiber.) (2007) 405 In postera ętate erit in lecto longe recumbens : on æfteweardan ylde heo bið on bedde lange licgende.

C. adv.

Originally Nautical. Towards or in the direction of the stern of a vessel, rear of an aircraft, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [adverb] > towards the stern

aftwardc1514

afterwarda1618

aftwards1627

aft1669

sternward1832

sternways1872

c1514 Measurements for Ship in State Papers Henry VIII (P.R.O. SP 1/230) f. 201 The Kele by Sqwyar, lxxx ffootte, & to Rak fforward, xxvij ffoott, & to Rak aftward, viij ffootte.

1531 C. Morres Inv. Great Bark (Cotton App. xxviii) Item aboue the somer castel A deck from the mayne mast aftward.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 7 The ships quarter is from the maine mast aftward.

1664 E. Bushnell Compl. Ship-wright v. 12 (heading) The Description of the Rising Lines aftward on, and forward on.

1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 25 Set off the exact Length forward and aftward from the Observation of the rising of the Keel.

1829 London Encycl. IV. 455/2 All braces come aftward on.

1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xii. 229 And the mast withal fell aftward.

1912 C. E. Walk Time Lock iii. v. 305 He descended to the main deck and made his way aftward.

1985 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 89 77/1 The aftermost nail was clenched aftward along the lower edge of the starboard rabbet.

1998 S. Pace Lockheed's Constellation iii. 60 After I boarded the C-121, I was very surprised to see that its seats faced aftward.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aftward
释义	aftwardadj.n.adv. Brit. /ˈɑːftwəd/, /ˈaftwəd/, U.S. /ˈæftwərd/ Forms: Old English æftanweard, Old English æftewærd, Old English æfteward, Old English æfteweard, Old English æftewerd, Old English æftewyrd, 1500s– aftward. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly inherited from Germanic. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: aft adv., -ward suffix. Etymology: A merging of two distinct words: (i) Old English æftanweard < æftan (see aft adv.) + -ward suffix; and (ii) Old English æfteweard < the Germanic base of Gothic afta (see aft adv. and adj.) + -ward suffix; ultimately representing parallel formations with different suffixation of the same first element; the two words had apparently already merged in sense in Old English. In later use probably partly re-formed < aft adv. + -ward suffix. Compare afterward adj., afterward adv.Apparently unattested between the Old English period and the early 16th cent. A. adj. †1. With partitive sense. a. The back or rear part of. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Riddle 62 5 Rinc bið on ofeste, se mec on þyð æftanweardne, hæleð mid hrægle. OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 95 Occiput, æfteweard hæfod, uel postex. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Laud) xxxiii. 23 Ic do mine hand aweg and þu gesihst me æftewearde [OE Claud. æfterweardne; L. videbis posteriora mea]. Ne miht þu mine ansine geseon. b. The end or latter part of. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) iii. ii. 158 Tellað þreo and twentig daga fram æfteweardum Martium upweard. OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xxxviii. Introd. And eac on æfteweardum þæm sealme he wilnode ealra swiðost þæt him God sealde sume frofre..on þys[an] andweardum life. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1114 Ðises geares on æfteward Mai wæs gesewen an selcuð steorra mid langan leoman manege niht scinende. 2. Originally Nautical. That is situated or positioned near the stern or rear. ΚΠ 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 5 The..forward or aftward beames. 1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. iii. Heel of the mast, signifies that part of the Foot of any Mast which is par'd away slanting on the Aftward side thereof, in order that it may be Stay'd aftward on. 1762 Naval Dict. in Gen. Hist. Sieges & Battles VI. 171 Heel, of the main, fore, and mizen masts, is only that part which is pared away a little slanting on the aftward side of the foot of the mast. 1849 J. M. Murphy & W. N. Jeffers Naut. Routine & Stowage iii. 6 The aftward course of the water is indicated by the dotted arrow. 1895 A. E. Seaton Man. Marine Engin. (ed. 12) ix. 199 In double crank engines the aftward crank has not only to resist the action of its own piston, but also to transmit the twisting strain of the forward engine. 1947 Classical Q. 42 129 There is a fragment of a relief,..which shows an aftward part of the galley. 1992 J. Grant Compl. Canvasworker's Guide (ed. 2) v. 53 Only the sleeves and tails along the forward and aftward ends are likely to cause some headscratching. †B. n. The back, the rear part; the end, the latter part. Obsolete.Only in Old English. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 58 Ac he [sc. Benedict] tihte us on æfteweardan þæs ylcan regoles, to geðungenra lareowa lifes drohtnungum. OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 292 Haud adverbivm, þæt is on englisc nates hwon, sceal habban h on forewerdan and d on æfteweardan [OE Royal 15 B.xxii æftewerdan, c1225 Worcester bæften]. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) xxviii. 44 Hi lænað eow & ge ne lænað him; hi beoð on foreweard [OE Laud forwearde] & ge on æfteweard [L. ipse erit in caput et tu eris in caudam]. OE Prognostics (Tiber.) (2007) 405 In postera ętate erit in lecto longe recumbens : on æfteweardan ylde heo bið on bedde lange licgende. C. adv. Originally Nautical. Towards or in the direction of the stern of a vessel, rear of an aircraft, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > rear part of vessel > [adverb] > towards the stern aftwardc1514 afterwarda1618 aftwards1627 aft1669 sternward1832 sternways1872 c1514 Measurements for Ship in State Papers Henry VIII (P.R.O. SP 1/230) f. 201 The Kele by Sqwyar, lxxx ffootte, & to Rak fforward, xxvij ffoott, & to Rak aftward, viij ffootte. 1531 C. Morres Inv. Great Bark (Cotton App. xxviii) Item aboue the somer castel A deck from the mayne mast aftward. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 7 The ships quarter is from the maine mast aftward. 1664 E. Bushnell Compl. Ship-wright v. 12 (heading) The Description of the Rising Lines aftward on, and forward on. 1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 25 Set off the exact Length forward and aftward from the Observation of the rising of the Keel. 1762 Naval Dict. in Gen. Hist. Sieges & Battles VI. 171 Heel, of the main, fore, and mizen masts, is only that part which is pared away a little slanting on the aftward side of the foot of the mast, like a heel, to give it leave to be stay'd aftward on. 1829 London Encycl. IV. 455/2 All braces come aftward on. 1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xii. 229 And the mast withal fell aftward. 1912 C. E. Walk Time Lock iii. v. 305 He descended to the main deck and made his way aftward. 1985 Amer. Jrnl. Archeol. 89 77/1 The aftermost nail was clenched aftward along the lower edge of the starboard rabbet. 1998 S. Pace Lockheed's Constellation iii. 60 After I boarded the C-121, I was very surprised to see that its seats faced aftward. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.adv.OE
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