chimerachimaeran.

Brit.

/kʌɪˈmɪərə/,

/kɪˈmɪərə/, U.S.

/kaɪˈmɪrə/,

/kəˈmɪrə/

Forms: Middle English chymere, Middle English–1600s chimere; Middle English–1600s chymera, (1500s chemera), 1600s chymæra, 1500s– chimæra, chimera.

Etymology: Middle English chimere, < French chimère, < Latin chimaera, < Greek χίμαιρα she-goat or monster, < χίμαρος he-goat. Since the 16th cent. the earlier form < French has been supplanted by its Latin original. As chimere was certainly /ˈtʃɪmɛr/, the two spoken forms are practically distinct words.

a. A fabled fire-breathing monster of Greek mythology, with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail (or according to others with the heads of a lion, a goat, and a serpent), killed by Bellerophon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [noun] > of classical mythology > others

chimera1382

minotaurc1385

Triton1584

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Prol. 31 Beestis clepid chymeres, that han a part of ech beest, and suche ben not, no but oonly in opynyoun.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes i. lv The Chimere of Licy.

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. D.vii By Chemeras flames.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xiii. xviii. 238 New Chimeres, Sphinges, or like monsters bred.

1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age i. sig. B4 The infernall Monster, Cal'd the Chimera bred in Cicily.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 628 All monstrous, all prodigious things..worse Then Fables yet have feign'd, or fear conceiv'd, Gorgons and Hydra's, and Chimera's dire.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxix. 252 A convocation of Chimeras breathing fire and smoke.

1831 W. S. Landor Siege Ancona in Wks. (1846) II. 584 The flames and coilings of the fell Chimæra.

b. Any fish of the family Chimæridæ; = rabbitfish n. 1. (Cf. chimaeroid adj.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > subclass Holocephali > [noun] > member of family Chimaeridae > chimaera monstrosa (rabbit-fish)

sea-cat1601

chimera1804

rabbitfish1828

sea-ape1862

1804 W. Holloway & J. Branch Brit. Museum III. 56 The Chimæra, or Chimæra Monstrosa, belongs to that class of fish which have close gills and cartilages instead of bones.

1808 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Fishes V. Pl. cxi There are two species of the Chimæra genus, Monstrosa, and Callorhynchus; the latter of which is distinguished by the name of Southern Chimera and Elephant Fish.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 365 The Northern Chimæra is represented as a fish of singular appearance and beauty, a native of the northern seas only, where it seldom exceeds three feet in length.

1848 S. Maunder Treasury Nat. Hist. 560/1 Rabbit-fish, a local name for the Northern Chimæra, or King of the Herrings.

1969 A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 111 The chimaeras are deep-water fishes, living on or below the edge of the continental shelf.

2. In Painting, Architecture, etc. A grotesque monster, formed of the parts of various animals.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > others

quathriganc1175

starc1384

yoke1415

sheafc1420

arrow1548

thunder-dart1569

memento mori1598

quadriga1600

Triton1601

anchor1621

chimera1634

forest-work1647

Bacchanaliaa1680

Bacchanal1753

subject1781

harp1785

mask1790

arrowhead1808

gorgoneion1842

Amazonomachia1845

Amazonomachy1893

mythograph1893

physicomorph1895

horns of consecration1901

double image1939

motion study1977

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxxvii. 1296 Þey..bryngeþ to lesynges, as he doþ þat peynteþ chymera wiþ þre hedes.]

1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus vii. xi Chimeras, or painted devices which represent no visible creature.

a1637 B. Jonson Timber 1568 in Wks. (1640) III He complaines of their painting Chimæra's, by the vulgar unaptly called Grottesque.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 83. ¶7 The third Artist..had an excellent Hand at a Chimera.

1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. vi. 66 The Chimæra enriching the helmet is the monster Scylla.

3. figurative with reference to the terrible character, the unreality, or the incongruous composition of the fabled monster:

a. A horrible and fear-inspiring phantasm, a bogy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin

thursec725

puckOE

puckleOE

goblina1350

hurlewaynes kin1399

Hoba1500

bogle?1507

chimera?1521

hobgoblin1530

chyppynutie?1553

bearbug1560

boggard1570

bugbear?c1570

empusa1572

puckerelc1580

puck bug1582

imp1584

urchin1584

fear-babea1586

hob-thrush1590

hodge-poker1598

lar1598

poker1598

bogle-bo1603

mormo1605

foliot1621

mormolukee1624

buggle-boo1625

pug1631

black man1656

feind1659

Tom Poker1673

duende1691

boodie?a1700

worricow1711

bolly1724

Tom Po1744

fleying1811

pooka1824

booger1827

alp1828

boll1847

bogy1857

beastie1867

boogie1880

shag boy1882

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [noun] > one who or that which terrifies > object of terror (usually imaginary)

buga1425

buggart1440

gay horse1483

bogle?1507

chimera?1521

bog1527

terriculament1548

bugbear1552

bull-bear1561

hag1563

boggard1574

scare-bug1583

bull-beggar1584

kill-cow fray1589

poker1598

bug-boy1601

bogle-bo1603

mormo1605

mock-beggar1611

mormolukee1624

Tom Poker1673

raw-head1678

hobgoblin1709

bugaboo1733

Tom Po1744

spectre1774

bogy-man1862

bogy1865

?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Cvj^v Agayne the Chymer, here stoutly must he fight.

1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xvii. sig. K7^v Chimeræs, begotten betweene Feare, and Darkenesse, which vanish with the Light.

1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 177 Full of pale fancies, and chimeras huge.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 429 The nation..exorcised the chimæra with a few resolute words for ever.

b. An unreal creature of the imagination, a mere wild fancy; an unfounded conception. (The ordinary modern use.) See also bombinate v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > unreality > an unreal thing or appearance

phantasma1398

chimera1587

mockerya1616

Scotch mist1647

tanquam1654

Plato's cave1683

unreal1825

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > [noun] > product of

chimera1587

brainbrat1630

brain-being1659

capriccio1678

whim1678

whimsy1712

caprice1721

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxv. 433 How could that Chymera haue come in any mannes mynd?

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. iii. 5 That golden myne is proved a meer Chymera, an imaginary airy myne.

1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses iii. 14 Exploded Chimera's, the perpetuum Mobile..Philosopher's Stone, [etc.]

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 18 The sea-snake, or serpent of the ocean, is no longer counted a chimera.

1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xv. 237 The ‘chimera of a north-west passage’, as it has been termed.

c. An incongruous union or medley.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > a mixture > of incongruous elements

participle?a1475

mongrel1582

centaur1606

mule1631

crossc1796

half-and-halfc1814

chimera1832

half-breed1846

hybrid1850

piebald1897

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 27 The exterior of the Church..is a chimera in architecture, being Doric below, Corinthian above, and Ionic in the middle.

d. Biology. [ < German chimäre (H. Winkler 1907, in Ber. d. Deut. Bot. Ges. XXV. 574).] An organism (commonly a plant) in which tissues of genetically different constitution co-exist as a result of grafting, mutation, or some other process.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > combination of different genetic types > cases of

mosaic1902

chimera1911

1911 D. H. Campbell in Amer. Naturalist 45 44 Such monstrous forms, for which Winkler proposes the name ‘chimæra’, are not hybrids in any true sense of the word, but have arisen from buds in which there was a mere mechanical coalescence of tissue from the two parent forms at the junction of the stock and graft.

1926 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. xviii. 259 If the front half of one species be grafted on to the back half of another species, both continue to differentiate, and a chimaera or mosaic organism is produced.

1968 Nature 9 Nov. 596 (heading) Mouse chimaeras obtained by the injection of cells into the blastocyst.

1969 New Scientist 16 Jan. 133/1 Cytogeneticists have found human mosaic individuals, trisomics and chimeras.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1620 Abp. J. Williams Serm. Apparell 20 For a woman..to come vnto a Church Chimæra-like..halfe male and halfe female.

1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph III. 138 Our sex, said he, have not such chimæra notions.

Derivatives

chiˈmeraship n. Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. xvii. 173 His serene Chimeraship.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chimera
释义	chimerachimaeran. Brit. /kʌɪˈmɪərə/, /kɪˈmɪərə/, U.S. /kaɪˈmɪrə/, /kəˈmɪrə/ Forms: Middle English chymere, Middle English–1600s chimere; Middle English–1600s chymera, (1500s chemera), 1600s chymæra, 1500s– chimæra, chimera. Etymology: Middle English chimere, < French chimère, < Latin chimaera, < Greek χίμαιρα she-goat or monster, < χίμαρος he-goat. Since the 16th cent. the earlier form < French has been supplanted by its Latin original. As chimere was certainly /ˈtʃɪmɛr/, the two spoken forms are practically distinct words. 1. a. A fabled fire-breathing monster of Greek mythology, with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail (or according to others with the heads of a lion, a goat, and a serpent), killed by Bellerophon. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [noun] > of classical mythology > others chimera1382 minotaurc1385 Triton1584 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Prol. 31 Beestis clepid chymeres, that han a part of ech beest, and suche ben not, no but oonly in opynyoun. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes i. lv The Chimere of Licy. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. D.vii By Chemeras flames. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xiii. xviii. 238 New Chimeres, Sphinges, or like monsters bred. 1613 T. Heywood Siluer Age i. sig. B4 The infernall Monster, Cal'd the Chimera bred in Cicily. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 628 All monstrous, all prodigious things..worse Then Fables yet have feign'd, or fear conceiv'd, Gorgons and Hydra's, and Chimera's dire. View more context for this quotation 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle II. lxix. 252 A convocation of Chimeras breathing fire and smoke. 1831 W. S. Landor Siege Ancona in Wks. (1846) II. 584 The flames and coilings of the fell Chimæra. b. Any fish of the family Chimæridæ; = rabbitfish n. 1. (Cf. chimaeroid adj.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > subclass Holocephali > [noun] > member of family Chimaeridae > chimaera monstrosa (rabbit-fish) sea-cat1601 chimera1804 rabbitfish1828 sea-ape1862 1804 W. Holloway & J. Branch Brit. Museum III. 56 The Chimæra, or Chimæra Monstrosa, belongs to that class of fish which have close gills and cartilages instead of bones. 1808 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Fishes V. Pl. cxi There are two species of the Chimæra genus, Monstrosa, and Callorhynchus; the latter of which is distinguished by the name of Southern Chimera and Elephant Fish. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 365 The Northern Chimæra is represented as a fish of singular appearance and beauty, a native of the northern seas only, where it seldom exceeds three feet in length. 1848 S. Maunder Treasury Nat. Hist. 560/1 Rabbit-fish, a local name for the Northern Chimæra, or King of the Herrings. 1969 A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 111 The chimaeras are deep-water fishes, living on or below the edge of the continental shelf. 2. In Painting, Architecture, etc. A grotesque monster, formed of the parts of various animals. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > others quathriganc1175 starc1384 yoke1415 sheafc1420 arrow1548 thunder-dart1569 memento mori1598 quadriga1600 Triton1601 anchor1621 chimera1634 forest-work1647 Bacchanaliaa1680 Bacchanal1753 subject1781 harp1785 mask1790 arrowhead1808 gorgoneion1842 Amazonomachia1845 Amazonomachy1893 mythograph1893 physicomorph1895 horns of consecration1901 double image1939 motion study1977 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxxvii. 1296 Þey..bryngeþ to lesynges, as he doþ þat peynteþ chymera wiþ þre hedes.] 1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus vii. xi Chimeras, or painted devices which represent no visible creature. a1637 B. Jonson Timber 1568 in Wks. (1640) III He complaines of their painting Chimæra's, by the vulgar unaptly called Grottesque. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 83. ¶7 The third Artist..had an excellent Hand at a Chimera. 1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. vi. 66 The Chimæra enriching the helmet is the monster Scylla. 3. figurative with reference to the terrible character, the unreality, or the incongruous composition of the fabled monster: a. A horrible and fear-inspiring phantasm, a bogy. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin thursec725 puckOE puckleOE goblina1350 hurlewaynes kin1399 Hoba1500 bogle?1507 chimera?1521 hobgoblin1530 chyppynutie?1553 bearbug1560 boggard1570 bugbear?c1570 empusa1572 puckerelc1580 puck bug1582 imp1584 urchin1584 fear-babea1586 hob-thrush1590 hodge-poker1598 lar1598 poker1598 bogle-bo1603 mormo1605 foliot1621 mormolukee1624 buggle-boo1625 pug1631 black man1656 feind1659 Tom Poker1673 duende1691 boodie?a1700 worricow1711 bolly1724 Tom Po1744 fleying1811 pooka1824 booger1827 alp1828 boll1847 bogy1857 beastie1867 boogie1880 shag boy1882 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [noun] > one who or that which terrifies > object of terror (usually imaginary) buga1425 buggart1440 gay horse1483 bogle?1507 chimera?1521 bog1527 terriculament1548 bugbear1552 bull-bear1561 hag1563 boggard1574 scare-bug1583 bull-beggar1584 kill-cow fray1589 poker1598 bug-boy1601 bogle-bo1603 mormo1605 mock-beggar1611 mormolukee1624 Tom Poker1673 raw-head1678 hobgoblin1709 bugaboo1733 Tom Po1744 spectre1774 bogy-man1862 bogy1865 ?1521 A. Barclay Bk. Codrus & Mynalcas sig. Cvj^v Agayne the Chymer, here stoutly must he fight. 1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xvii. sig. K7^v Chimeræs, begotten betweene Feare, and Darkenesse, which vanish with the Light. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 177 Full of pale fancies, and chimeras huge. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 429 The nation..exorcised the chimæra with a few resolute words for ever. b. An unreal creature of the imagination, a mere wild fancy; an unfounded conception. (The ordinary modern use.) See also bombinate v. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [noun] > unreality > an unreal thing or appearance phantasma1398 chimera1587 mockerya1616 Scotch mist1647 tanquam1654 Plato's cave1683 unreal1825 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > fancy or fantastic notion > [noun] > product of chimera1587 brainbrat1630 brain-being1659 capriccio1678 whim1678 whimsy1712 caprice1721 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxv. 433 How could that Chymera haue come in any mannes mynd? 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. iii. 5 That golden myne is proved a meer Chymera, an imaginary airy myne. 1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses iii. 14 Exploded Chimera's, the perpetuum Mobile..Philosopher's Stone, [etc.] 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 18 The sea-snake, or serpent of the ocean, is no longer counted a chimera. 1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage xv. 237 The ‘chimera of a north-west passage’, as it has been termed. c. An incongruous union or medley. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > a mixture > of incongruous elements participle?a1475 mongrel1582 centaur1606 mule1631 crossc1796 half-and-halfc1814 chimera1832 half-breed1846 hybrid1850 piebald1897 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 27 The exterior of the Church..is a chimera in architecture, being Doric below, Corinthian above, and Ionic in the middle. d. Biology. [ < German chimäre (H. Winkler 1907, in Ber. d. Deut. Bot. Ges. XXV. 574).] An organism (commonly a plant) in which tissues of genetically different constitution co-exist as a result of grafting, mutation, or some other process. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > combination of different genetic types > cases of mosaic1902 chimera1911 1911 D. H. Campbell in Amer. Naturalist 45 44 Such monstrous forms, for which Winkler proposes the name ‘chimæra’, are not hybrids in any true sense of the word, but have arisen from buds in which there was a mere mechanical coalescence of tissue from the two parent forms at the junction of the stock and graft. 1926 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. xviii. 259 If the front half of one species be grafted on to the back half of another species, both continue to differentiate, and a chimaera or mosaic organism is produced. 1968 Nature 9 Nov. 596 (heading) Mouse chimaeras obtained by the injection of cells into the blastocyst. 1969 New Scientist 16 Jan. 133/1 Cytogeneticists have found human mosaic individuals, trisomics and chimeras. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1620 Abp. J. Williams Serm. Apparell 20 For a woman..to come vnto a Church Chimæra-like..halfe male and halfe female. 1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph III. 138 Our sex, said he, have not such chimæra notions. Derivatives chiˈmeraship n. Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. xvii. 173 His serene Chimeraship. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1382
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