chapeln.

/ˈtʃapəl/

Forms: Middle English chapele, Middle English–1500s chapelle, Middle English–1600s chapell, Middle English– chapel; also Middle English chapaile, Middle English chapylle, schapell(e, 1500s chappelle, chappylle, capell, cappell, 1500s–1700s chappel(l.

Etymology: Middle English chapele , < Old French chapele (in Old Northern French capele , Provençal capella , Italian cappella ) < late Latin cappella , originally little cloak or cape, diminutive of cappa , cloak, cape, cope (see cap n.¹). From the cappella or cloak of St. Martin, preserved by the Frankish kings as a sacred relic, which was borne before them in battle, and used to give sanctity to oaths, the name was applied to the sanctuary in which this was preserved under the care of its cappellani or ‘chaplains’, and thence generally to a sanctuary containing holy relics, attached to a palace, etc., and so to any private sanctuary or holy place, and finally to any apartment or building for orisons or worship, not being a church, the earlier name for which was oratorium , oratory n.¹The chief data for the history are: the Monk of St. Gall ( Vita Car. Magn. i. 4) ‘Quo nomine Francorum reges propter capam St. Martini sancta sua appellare solebant’; a charter of Childebert a.d. 710 (Mabillon De Re Dipl.) containing ‘in oratorio suo seu capella S. Marthini’. In the capitularies of Charles the Great (cap. v. 182) c. 800 it is used of chapels in or attached to palaces; the Laws of the Lombards ( iii. iii. 22) have ‘ecclesiae et capellæ quæ in vestra parochia sunt’. Cappella was generally spelt capella in medieval Latin; the true form is evidenced not only by Italian cappella, but even more by the persistence of -ap- in French and of -p- in the other languages. Capella would have become in French chevelle; as capillos, caprum, capistrum become cheveux, chevre, chevétre.

1. gen. A sanctuary or place of Christian worship, not the church of a parish or the cathedral church of a diocese; an oratory. (In earlier times always consecrated, and having an altar; in modern use not necessarily so.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun]

chapela1225

a1225 St. Marher. 20 Hwa so omi nome makeð chapele oðer chirche.

c1275 Laȝamon Brut 26140 He lette þar arere ane chapel [c1205 chireche] mære.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 27198 In kyrcgarth, chapell or kyrk.

a1300 K. Horn 1380 Horn let wurche Chapeles and chirche.

1485 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1868) xvi. i. 378/1 They entered into the chapel, and there made their orisons a great while.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7^v There was an holy chappell edifyde, Wherein the Hermite dewly wont to say His holy thinges.

a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Ephes. (1643) i. 13 Where God hath His Church, we say, the Devill hath his Chapell: so on the contrary, where the Devill hath his Cathedrall, there God hath his people.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §249 The Room is a Chappel or small Church.

1645 Directory Publique Worship Ordinance In any Church, Chappell, or place of Publique Worship.

1857 A. P. Stanley Hist. Memorials Canterbury i. 19 The first object that would catch their view would be the little British chapel.

figurative.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 56 Þe tauerne ys þe scole of þe dyeule..and his oȝene chapele þer huer me deþ his seruese.

2. spec. A private oratory or place of worship.

a. A room or building for private worship in or attached to a palace, nobleman's house, castle, garrison, embassy, prison, monastery, college, school, or other institution.

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society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > private

chapel1297

closetc1400

lararium1706

proprietary chapel1873

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 472 Thulke prelat solde in is [the king's] chapele ichose be.

c1330 Amis & Amil. 2342 Sir Amis lete him ly alon, And into his chapel he went anon.

1360–80 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 65 Ȝif þei [lordes & ladies] holden wiþ goddis tresour curatis in here worldly seruyce or chapellis.

c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxv Ther-inne was a schapelle, a chambur, and a halle.

a1672 A. Wood Life (1848) 11 He was buried..in the north part of Merton Coll. outer-chappell or church.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 20 The Chappel of the Jesuites College.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 108 Thence we went to New-Coll: where the Chapell was in its antient garb, not withstanding the Scrupulositie of the Times.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 165 Domestick Chapels..built by Noblemen and others for the private Service of God in their Families..are not consecrated.

1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto 3 The company was assembled in the chapel of the Castle.

1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) iii. iv. 1003 King's College Chapel, Cambridge, has no side aisles, but in lieu of them are small chapels between the buttresses.

1880 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (1883) ix. 95 Service was sung daily in all the Chapels.

1887 J. Morley Pattison's Mem. in Crit. Misc. III. 156 He read the service in chapel when his turn came.

b. An oratory in a mausoleum, burial vault or aisle ( sepulchral chapel, or mortuary chapel), or elsewhere, having an altar at which masses might be chanted for the souls of the deceased ( chantry chapel). Hence, a cell or compartment of a cathedral or large church (usually in the aisle, and originally often sepulchral), separately dedicated and containing its own altar. See also Lady chapel n.

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society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun]

chapelc1330

porch1522

by-chapel1562

sacellum1806

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 22 Þer þei fond þe hede is now a faire chapelle.

c1394 P. Pl. Crede 119 A Chirche and A Chapaile with chambers a-lofte.

1428 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 80 The trinite schapell.

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 39 The Chirche of the holy Sepulcre ys Rounde..and hath.. Chapellys hygh and lowe, in gret nowmber.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vi. f. 73 The virgin, to whom he buylded and dedicate a chapell and an altare.

1640 W. Somner Antiq. Canterbury 46 The high altar at St. Austin's, with the Chapells about it.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 149 On the altar of this chapel is the martyrdom of St. Sebastian, in oil colours, by Domenichino.

1842 R. Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 9) I. 295 Chantry, was commonly a little chapel, or particular altar in some cathedral or parochial church, endowed..for the maintenance of a priest to pray for the souls of the founder.

1874 S. Baring-Gould & J. Fisher Lives Brit. Saints 395 Upon these remains Benedict built two oratories..and..round these chapels rose the monastery.

1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 343/1 Although very many churches built before a.d. 800 exist..scarcely any clear examples of chapels [forming parts of the main building] can be pointed out.

1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 344/1 In the East, as the rule that there should be only one altar in a church has always existed, chapels have rarely formed parts of churches.

1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 345/2 At what time the practice of placing an altar and of celebrating the eucharistic service in a sepulchral chapel was first introduced cannot be stated with precision.

1889 N.E.D. at Chapel Mod. He is buried in Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Westminster Abbey.

3. A place of public worship of the established Church, subordinate to, or dependent upon, the church of the parish, the accommodation supplied by which it in some way supplements. These are of various kinds:

a. chapel of ease n. a chapel built for the convenience of parishioners who live far from the parish church. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > of ease

chapel of easea1552

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 30 There was another Paroche Chirch yn the Towne yet standing, but now it servith but for a Chapelle of Ease.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 180 One of those Parish Churches hath fourteene Chappels of ease within the circumference of her limits.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §32 36 Shute..is a chapel for ease to Colliton.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 166 Chapels of Ease..commonly built in very large Parishes, where all the people cannot come to the Mother Church.

1826 Petersdorff Abr. 433 A chapel of ease may..have the rights of a parochial chapel by custom.

1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 128 Bolton Church..is considered a Chapel of Ease.

figurative.a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 44 What is age But the holy place of life, Chapel of ease For all mens wearied miseries.1651 J. Cleveland Square Cap iv And making a Chappel of Ease of her Lap, First he said Grace, and then he kiss'd her.1834 T. De Quincey S. T. Coleridge in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 688/2 Sedburgh, for many years, was a sort of nursery or rural Chapel-of-ease, to Cambridge.

b. parochial chapel: the place of worship of an ancient division of a parish attached to it by custom and repute, as e.g. in the case of the numerous divisions of the parish of Kendal, and other large parishes of the Lake district; district chapel, that of a modern ‘district’ or division of a parish constituted under the Church Building Acts, from 59 Geo. III, c. 134, onwards. To both of these the name church n.¹ and adj. is now commonly given, except in remote districts or special instances.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > parochial

parochial chapelc1650

chapellany1726

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > of division of parish

district chapel1838

1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 2 §11 So that thoes espousels be solempnysed in Churche, Chapell, or Oratory.

1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 55 This yere [1547] was Barkyng chappylle at the Towre hylle pullyd downe.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 13 Chappels had beene Churches, and poore mens cottages Princes Pallaces.

c1650 Parl. Surveys of Livings, etc. XVII. 238 The Parish [Swyne] hath belonging to it Six Chappells, and a Viccaridge House.

c1650 Parl. Surveys of Livings, etc. XVII. 238 Drypoole hath a Parochiall Chappell depending upon Swyne.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 185 in Justice Vindicated Concerning the Mother-Parish-Church twenty shillings; and concerning a Chappel ten shillings.

1838 Act 2 & 3 Vict. c. 49 §2 In the case of any church or chapel, for or to which any district chapelry has been..assigned..such church or chapel..shall be and is hereby declared to be a perpetual curacy and benefice.

c1840 W. F. Hook Church Dict. 13 It is to be regretted that countenance to the assumption of the name of chapel for their place of assembly on the part of dissenters, is too often given by our designating as churches many of the new sanctuaries, which are, in fact, only chapels.

1842 R. Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 9) I. 306 The last species of chapels, those erected under the authority of the various Church-Building Acts, and usually designated District Chapels.

1855 H. Martineau Guide to Eng. Lakes 120 Wastdale Head..There is a chapel, the humblest of chapels, with eight pews, and three windows in three sides.

1868 A. Sedgwick (title) Memorial by the Trustees of Cowgill Chapel.

1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1824 A parochial chapel is that which has the parochial rights of christening and burying; and this differs in nothing from a church, but in the want of a rectory and endowment.

c. free chapel: a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized by him.

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society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > not subject to episcopal jurisdiction

free chapelc1483

c1483 W. Caxton Bk. for Travellers 21 b A cure of fre chapell.

1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 9 The Deane and Chapiter..of the free chapell of the kynge, of Sainct Martins le graunde.

1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 4 There have been divers Colleges, Free Chapels, Chantries, Hospitals, Fraternities.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. N4/1 There is of these chapels one Kinde called a free chapell, which seemeth to be such as hath maintenance perpetuall.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 165.

1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1824 The king himself visits his free chapels..and not the ordinary.

d. proprietary chapel: one that is the property of private persons.

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society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > private

chapel1297

closetc1400

lararium1706

proprietary chapel1873

1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1183 Proprietary chapels..are anomalies unknown to the ecclesiastical constitution of this kingdom, and can possess no parochial rights..Dr. Lushington said..the ancient canon law of this country knew nothing of proprietary chapels or unconsecrated chapels at all..The necessity of the times..gave rise to the erection of chapels of this kind, and to the licensing of ministers of the Church of England to perform duty therein.

1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1834 It is at any time competent to the proprietors of an unconsecrated chapel to convert it to secular purposes.

4. Applied to places of Christian worship other than those of the established church of the country: e.g. to those of Roman Catholics in Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Episcopal Church in Scotland; of the Nonconformists ejected in 1662; of Methodists since the 18th century, and, recently, of Protestant Dissenters generally (in England and Wales).These uses go back to a time when ‘church’ had still its historical value of the endowed place of worship of a parish, with its beneficed rector or vicar, tithes, etc., and when no other place of worship, whatever its architecture, ritual, or communion, was thought of as the ‘church’. Of Roman Catholic chapels the earliest mentioned were those of foreign ambassadors, and Roman Catholic queens of the Stuarts (see sense 2a); in the 18th cent., and down to 1830-40, ‘chapel’ was the regular name, as it is still in Ireland. The name first used by Protestants separating from the Church of England was apparently ‘meeting-house’; but the places of worship founded by the non-conforming clergymen ejected in 1662 were commonly ‘chapels’; after that, ‘meeting-house’ and ‘chapel’ were used more or less synonymously by Protestant Dissenters; the former became the prevailing name in the 18th century, but was mostly abandoned for ‘chapel’ in the first half of the 19th century (except by Quakers). For his connection, Wesley introduced ‘preaching-house’; but Methodist Churchmen appear to have preferred ‘chapel’; and it was in the sequel often used by Wesley as = ‘preaching-house’, and gradually took its place. During the 19th century, the custom of applying ‘church’ to the parochial and district chapels of the Church of England, was followed by the use of ‘church’ for ‘chapel’ by Roman Catholics, Scottish Episcopalians, and many Nonconformists. (See church n.¹ and adj.) But the earlier usage has made chapel in Ireland the common appellation of the Roman Catholic places of worship and service, as distinguished from those of the Protestant (Episcopal) Church; and in England and Wales of nonconformist places of worship or service, as distinguished from those of the Church of England. Hence such combinations as chapel-goer, chapel-going, chapel-people, etc.

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society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > nonconformist

conventicle?1550

meeting-place1589

meeting1593

meeting house1632

chapel1662

pantile1714

tabernacle1768

gospel-shop?1782

schism-shop1801

bethel1840

schism-house1843

Ebenezer1849

Bethesda1857

Salem1857

praise house1862

1662 S. Pepys Diary 21 Sept. (1970) III. 202 The Queene..going to her chapel at St. James's..I crowded after her..and saw the fine Alter, ornaments, and the fryers in their habits.

1669 S. Pepys Diary 11 Apr. (1976) IX. 515 I took my wife to St. James's and there carried her to the Queen's Chapel.

a1718 W. Penn Life in Wks. (1726) I. 135 I have not..look'd into any Chappel of the Roman Religion.

a1793 J. Morris in Arminian Mag. (1795) Feb. 72 I consented to go with her to the Catholic Chapel.

1794 Z. Yewdall in Arminian Mag. (1795) Aug. 371 The Episcopalians had likewise a chapel in the place [Dalkeith].

1794 Z. Yewdall in Arminian Mag. (1795) Aug. 371 He had taken the English Chapel [at Musselburgh].

c1815 G. Kennedy Anna Ross (1837) 69 I have decided on taking a pew..in one of the Church of England Chapels [in Scotland].

1836 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 421/1 About forty years ago there were only 30 Catholic chapels in Great Britain; but in 1835, we find the number increased to 510.

b.1681 R. Baxter Breviate Life Margaret Charlton vii. 58 When she saw that I could not use the Chappel which she built, she presently hired another near.a1691 R. Baxter Reliquæ Baxterianæ (1696) iii. 19 The Churches being burnt, and the Parish ministers gone..the Nonconformists..did keep their Meetings very openly, and prepared large Rooms, and some of them plain Chappels, with Pulpits, Seats, and Galleries... The Independents also set up their Meetings more openly than before.1694 Trust-deed, Brook St. Chapel, Knutsford Indent. Mch. 7 The ground on which the said new-erected Chappell or Meeting-house now stands, together with the said Chappell or Meeting-house.1715 T. Hearne Diary 29 May Last night a good part of the presbyterian Meeting-house in Oxford was pulled down..in the evening they pulled down a good part of the Quakers' and Anabaptist Chapels.1818 W. J. Fox Wks. (1865) I. 110 A Sermon preached before the Unitarian Society, at Essex-Street Chapel, on Thursday, April 16, 1818.1836 Gentleman's Mag. July 30/2 A red-brick structure, resembling a dissenting chapel.c1840 W. F. Hook Church Dict. 13 The places in which dissenters, whether Romish or Protestant, meet are not chapels, but meeting-houses.1884 R. W. Dale Man. Congregational Princ. App. i A hundred years ago it was probably the universal custom of Congregationalists to call their places of worship ‘meeting-houses’. ‘Chapel’..early in this century..displaced the older and better name.c.1747 Gentleman's Mag. Suppl. 620/1 That the said Mr. J. W——y, about two years ago, preached a sermon to the methodists at Salisbury in Mr. H——ll's chapel.1763 in Tyerman Life of Wesley II. iii. 478 The people were to be warned..Against calling our society a church, or the church. Against calling our preachers ministers, our houses meeting-houses (call them plain preaching houses).] 1789 J. Wesley Will 25 Feb. in Coke & Moore (1792) 515 I desire my Gowns, Cassocks, Sashes, and Bands, may remain at the Chapel for the use of the Clergymen attending there.1792 Coke & Moore Life J. Wesley (ed. 2) Sold..at the Chapel in the City-Road; and at all the Methodist Preaching-Houses in Town and Country.1817 S. Drew Life T. Coke ix. 180 Independently of the chapels or preaching houses that had been erected in the towns.

a. A chapel service, attendance at the service in a chapel. Hence in college phrase, to keep a chapel, to attend chapel on a single occasion; to keep one's chapels, to fulfil the prescribed number of attendances; so to miss a chapel, lose a chapel, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > kinds of rite > in chapel > [noun]

chapel1662

chapel-service-

1662 S. Pepys Diary 14 Dec. (1970) III. 281 Walked..up and down till Chappell-time.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. ix. 180 Without danger of reprobation, because chapel was missed.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis I. 168 After hall they went to Mr. Buck's to take wine; and after wine to chapel.

1882 C. Kegan Paul in Cent. Mag. XXIV. 275 At Oxford, the daily chapel, so often a formal observance, still had its effect on many minds.

1889 N.E.D. at Chapel Mod. ‘You must keep your chapels’.

b. to hold chapel (French tenir chapelle): said of certain princes, and especially of the pope attending divine service in state; said of cardinals, when they are present at solemn religious service, without the pope's intervention.

ΚΠ

1687 London Gaz. No. 2285/1 At some Chapels of late held by the Colledge of Cardinals.

6. gen. Of other than Christian worship: A lesser temple, fane, or sanctuary, having an altar to a deity (used e.g. to translate Latin sacellum).

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society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > temple > [noun] > small

chapel1533

fanacle1594

templeta1843

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 95 He tuke purpois to distroy be augury all the remanent tempillis and chapellis [L. fana sacellaque].

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos vii. B Prophecy nomore at Bethel, for it is the kynges chapel, and the kynges courte.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9149 As Achilles this choise in chapell beheld.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 77 It was an Iddl [sic] of the Sidonians, wherevnto Salomon..builded sometime a Chappell.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xl. li. 1091 Behind the church [L. fanum] of the goddesse Hope, he caused to be built the chappel [L. ædem] of Apollo the Physician.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. i. 47 Set vp altars, and groues, and chappels of idols.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 10 And in what Chappel [L. sacello] too you plaid your prize.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvi. 54 A new chapel..had been built at Delphi.

7. A choir or body of singers attached to a chapel (usually of a king or prince); ‘now extended to mean the choir or the orchestra, or both, of a church or chapel, or other musical establishment sacred or secular’ (Grove Dict. Music). Often in French form chapelle, German kapelle, or Italian capella.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > chorister > [noun] > group of

chapel1420

choir?c1430

chore1641

1420 Siege Rouen 1295 in Archæol. XXII. 381 His chapelle mette hym at the dore there, And wente bifore hym alle in fere.

1515 R. Pace in J. S. Brewer Reign Hen. VIII (1884) I. xi. 270 Surely he would have out of your chapel not children only but also men..your Graces chapel is better than his.

1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Mem. II. ii. App. A. 9 The prelats censed the corps, the chappel singing ‘Libera me, Domine’.

1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) Pref. sig. A7 The Annual Allowances of the Gentlemen of His Chappel.

8. The sacred vessels, etc., used for the services in a church or chapel. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > [noun]

halidomc1000

relica1400

utensil1650

chapel1862

bondieuserie1941

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > [noun]

chapel1862

1475 Bk. Noblesse 84 Every officer shulde have noo more silver vesselle but for a chapelle and a cupbourde.]

1862 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury II. xi. 655 He..gave to the church an excellent chapel, which in his testament he styled his best. (Note.) In the language of the period (1205) a chapel means whatever was required for the performance of divine worship.

†9. An alembic. [French ‘chapelle, couvercle d'un alambic’ (Littré), ? from original sense of cappella.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > retorts or stills

limbeckc1350

cucurbitc1386

alembicc1405

serpentaryc1450

pelican1527

retort1527

gourd1582

cucurbittel1605

horse-belly1660

long neck1660

philosophical egg1660

infuser1688

chapel1694

rencounter1694

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xxiv. 103 As for the Chappel..it shall be a Chappel, alias a Lymbeck of Rose-water.

10.

a. A printers' workshop, a printing-office.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing trade > [noun] > printing establishment

printing house1553

house?a1563

press1579

printing shop1589

printing office1600

print house1607

printery1638

typography1660

imprimery1663

chapel1688

print shop1845

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 120/1 Every Printing-House is termed a Chappel.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In this Sense, we say, The Orders, or Laws of the Chapel; the Secrets of the Chapel, &c.

a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 47 I propos'd some reasonable Alterations in their Chapel Laws.

1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1135 It is to be noted, as a ‘custom of the chapel’.

1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) xv. 341 The petty tricks by which Franklin was annoyed were said to be played him by the chapel ghost.

b. A meeting or association of the journeymen in a printing-office for promoting and enforcing order among themselves, settling disputes as to price of work, etc. It is presided over by a father of the chapel annually elected. Hence to hold a chapel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > unions of printers > meeting of

chapel1683

society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > president of printers' union

father of the chapel1879

F.O.C.1929

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 356 The Oldest Freeman is Father of the Chappel.

1740 Country Jrnl. 24 May in E. Howe London Compositor (1947) 28 The senior Freeman..is the Father or dean of the Chapel.

1842 Cleave’s Penny Gaz. 29 Jan. In the Office he represents ‘the Foreman’, ‘the Chapel’, and ‘the Father of the Chapel’, in his own proper person.

1879 Women's Suffrage Jrnl. 1 Nov. 183/2 A circular..to all ‘fathers of chapels’, i.e. trades officials in printing shops.

1888 in C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab.

1934 J. K. Commons Myself 18 The ‘father of the chapel’ held an auction every three months.

2002 Journalist Aug. 13/1 Eoin Ronayne was Father of the NUJ Chapel.

Categories »

11. slang or colloquial. House of ease, privy.

Compounds

C1. Generalattributive.

chapel-bell n.

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c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 171 Gyngle..as cleere And eek as loude as dooth the Chapel belle.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) ii. 50 The chapel-bells Call'd us.

chapel-cell n.

ΚΠ

1830 F. D. Hemans Streams in Songs of Affections 195 Ye have burst away, From your chapel-cells to the laughing day.

chapel-clerk n.

ΚΠ

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Miiij^v The cryis Of Naturis chapell Clarkis.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 382 A chapel clerk and sexton.

chapel-door n.

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c1420 Sir Amadace xi Sir Amadace..rode vn-to the chapelle dur.

chapel-prayers n.

ΚΠ

1658 I. Walton Life of Hooker 15 In four years he was but twice absent from the chapel-prayers.

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chapel-service n.

chapel shrift n.

ΚΠ

1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 78 Seldom did she go to chapel-shrift.

chapel-stead n.

chapel-tent n.

ΚΠ

1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 408 The chappel tent at the camp was open'd this day.

chapel-yard n.

ΚΠ

1485 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1868) vi. xv Beyond the chapel-yard there met him a fair damsel.

1850 Carr v. Mostyn 19 in Law Jrnl. 253 The inhabitants of the said townships..might..bury their dead in the chapelyard.

b. (In sense 4.)

chapel-goer n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > nonconformity > [noun] > person

recusant1581

disagreer1605

unconformitant1605

nonconformist1618

non-conformer1622

nonconformitan1622

nonconformitantc1630

inconformist1633

dissenter1639

unconformist1640

fanatic1644

non-conformant1654

withdrawer1677

non-consenter1680

non-con1681

meeting-house man1711

shit-sack1769

dissident1790

meetinger1802

chapel-goer1842

speckle-belly1874

1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 265 What now is the great body of dissenters? Chapel-goers, and no more.

chapel-going n.

chapel-monger n.

ΚΠ

1812 Religionism 17 Muse, drop the subject, Pluralists, adieu! Next, Chapel-mongers, hark!—a word with you.

chapel-people n.

chapel-society n.

ΚΠ

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism ii. 63 Congregationalism insulates each chapel-society.

C2.

† chapel-bed n. Obsolete ? one with a canopy.

ΚΠ

1663 Inventory Ld. J. Gordon's Furnit. in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Committee Covenanters Kirkcudbright (1855) In the chamber next to the lytle chamber, a chapell bed all of bundwork.

chapel-man n. one of the clergy or officials of a chapel.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > chaplain > [noun]

chaplaina1100

padre1584

chapel-manc1650

capellanea1661

man-minister1715

sky pilot1865

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 109 Chappellmen who haue countenanced the chappell ceremoneis and novationis.

chapel-master n. used occasionally to translate French maître de chapelle or German kapellmeister, director of the music of a royal (or other) chapel (sense 7).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > conductor or leader > [noun] > chapel-master

maestro di cappella1724

kapellmeister1838

chapel-masterc1850

c1850 Nat. Encycl. I. 1018 He became chapel-master to Cardinal Charles of Lorraine.

1880 ‘V. Lee’ Belcaro v. 113 The poor chapelmaster of Hoffmann.

chapel-rate n. a rate for the support of a chapel.

ΚΠ

1850 Carr v. Mostyn 19 in Law Jrnl. 255 There was no necessity for chapel-rates, as the trustees would repair.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	chapel
释义	chapeln. /ˈtʃapəl/ Forms: Middle English chapele, Middle English–1500s chapelle, Middle English–1600s chapell, Middle English– chapel; also Middle English chapaile, Middle English chapylle, schapell(e, 1500s chappelle, chappylle, capell, cappell, 1500s–1700s chappel(l. Etymology: Middle English chapele , < Old French chapele (in Old Northern French capele , Provençal capella , Italian cappella ) < late Latin cappella , originally little cloak or cape, diminutive of cappa , cloak, cape, cope (see cap n.¹). From the cappella or cloak of St. Martin, preserved by the Frankish kings as a sacred relic, which was borne before them in battle, and used to give sanctity to oaths, the name was applied to the sanctuary in which this was preserved under the care of its cappellani or ‘chaplains’, and thence generally to a sanctuary containing holy relics, attached to a palace, etc., and so to any private sanctuary or holy place, and finally to any apartment or building for orisons or worship, not being a church, the earlier name for which was oratorium , oratory n.¹The chief data for the history are: the Monk of St. Gall ( Vita Car. Magn. i. 4) ‘Quo nomine Francorum reges propter capam St. Martini sancta sua appellare solebant’; a charter of Childebert a.d. 710 (Mabillon De Re Dipl.) containing ‘in oratorio suo seu capella S. Marthini’. In the capitularies of Charles the Great (cap. v. 182) c. 800 it is used of chapels in or attached to palaces; the Laws of the Lombards ( iii. iii. 22) have ‘ecclesiae et capellæ quæ in vestra parochia sunt’. Cappella was generally spelt capella in medieval Latin; the true form is evidenced not only by Italian cappella, but even more by the persistence of -ap- in French and of -p- in the other languages. Capella would have become in French chevelle; as capillos, caprum, capistrum become cheveux, chevre, chevétre. 1. gen. A sanctuary or place of Christian worship, not the church of a parish or the cathedral church of a diocese; an oratory. (In earlier times always consecrated, and having an altar; in modern use not necessarily so.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] chapela1225 a1225 St. Marher. 20 Hwa so omi nome makeð chapele oðer chirche. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 26140 He lette þar arere ane chapel [c1205 chireche] mære. a1300 Cursor Mundi 27198 In kyrcgarth, chapell or kyrk. a1300 K. Horn 1380 Horn let wurche Chapeles and chirche. 1485 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1868) xvi. i. 378/1 They entered into the chapel, and there made their orisons a great while. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A7^v There was an holy chappell edifyde, Wherein the Hermite dewly wont to say His holy thinges. a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Ephes. (1643) i. 13 Where God hath His Church, we say, the Devill hath his Chapell: so on the contrary, where the Devill hath his Cathedrall, there God hath his people. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §249 The Room is a Chappel or small Church. 1645 Directory Publique Worship Ordinance In any Church, Chappell, or place of Publique Worship. 1857 A. P. Stanley Hist. Memorials Canterbury i. 19 The first object that would catch their view would be the little British chapel. figurative.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 56 Þe tauerne ys þe scole of þe dyeule..and his oȝene chapele þer huer me deþ his seruese. 2. spec. A private oratory or place of worship. a. A room or building for private worship in or attached to a palace, nobleman's house, castle, garrison, embassy, prison, monastery, college, school, or other institution. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > private chapel1297 closetc1400 lararium1706 proprietary chapel1873 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 472 Thulke prelat solde in is [the king's] chapele ichose be. c1330 Amis & Amil. 2342 Sir Amis lete him ly alon, And into his chapel he went anon. 1360–80 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 65 Ȝif þei [lordes & ladies] holden wiþ goddis tresour curatis in here worldly seruyce or chapellis. c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxv Ther-inne was a schapelle, a chambur, and a halle. a1672 A. Wood Life (1848) 11 He was buried..in the north part of Merton Coll. outer-chappell or church. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 20 The Chappel of the Jesuites College. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 108 Thence we went to New-Coll: where the Chapell was in its antient garb, not withstanding the Scrupulositie of the Times. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 165 Domestick Chapels..built by Noblemen and others for the private Service of God in their Families..are not consecrated. 1764 H. Walpole Castle of Otranto 3 The company was assembled in the chapel of the Castle. 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) iii. iv. 1003 King's College Chapel, Cambridge, has no side aisles, but in lieu of them are small chapels between the buttresses. 1880 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (1883) ix. 95 Service was sung daily in all the Chapels. 1887 J. Morley Pattison's Mem. in Crit. Misc. III. 156 He read the service in chapel when his turn came. b. An oratory in a mausoleum, burial vault or aisle ( sepulchral chapel, or mortuary chapel), or elsewhere, having an altar at which masses might be chanted for the souls of the deceased ( chantry chapel). Hence, a cell or compartment of a cathedral or large church (usually in the aisle, and originally often sepulchral), separately dedicated and containing its own altar. See also Lady chapel n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun] chapelc1330 porch1522 by-chapel1562 sacellum1806 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 22 Þer þei fond þe hede is now a faire chapelle. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 119 A Chirche and A Chapaile with chambers a-lofte. 1428 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 80 The trinite schapell. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 39 The Chirche of the holy Sepulcre ys Rounde..and hath.. Chapellys hygh and lowe, in gret nowmber. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. vi. f. 73 The virgin, to whom he buylded and dedicate a chapell and an altare. 1640 W. Somner Antiq. Canterbury 46 The high altar at St. Austin's, with the Chapells about it. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 149 On the altar of this chapel is the martyrdom of St. Sebastian, in oil colours, by Domenichino. 1842 R. Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 9) I. 295 Chantry, was commonly a little chapel, or particular altar in some cathedral or parochial church, endowed..for the maintenance of a priest to pray for the souls of the founder. 1874 S. Baring-Gould & J. Fisher Lives Brit. Saints 395 Upon these remains Benedict built two oratories..and..round these chapels rose the monastery. 1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 343/1 Although very many churches built before a.d. 800 exist..scarcely any clear examples of chapels [forming parts of the main building] can be pointed out. 1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 344/1 In the East, as the rule that there should be only one altar in a church has always existed, chapels have rarely formed parts of churches. 1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham Dict. Christian Antiq. I. 345/2 At what time the practice of placing an altar and of celebrating the eucharistic service in a sepulchral chapel was first introduced cannot be stated with precision. 1889 N.E.D. at Chapel Mod. He is buried in Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Westminster Abbey. 3. A place of public worship of the established Church, subordinate to, or dependent upon, the church of the parish, the accommodation supplied by which it in some way supplements. These are of various kinds: a. chapel of ease n. a chapel built for the convenience of parishioners who live far from the parish church. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > of ease chapel of easea1552 a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 30 There was another Paroche Chirch yn the Towne yet standing, but now it servith but for a Chapelle of Ease. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 180 One of those Parish Churches hath fourteene Chappels of ease within the circumference of her limits. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §32 36 Shute..is a chapel for ease to Colliton. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 166 Chapels of Ease..commonly built in very large Parishes, where all the people cannot come to the Mother Church. 1826 Petersdorff Abr. 433 A chapel of ease may..have the rights of a parochial chapel by custom. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 128 Bolton Church..is considered a Chapel of Ease. figurative.a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 44 What is age But the holy place of life, Chapel of ease For all mens wearied miseries.1651 J. Cleveland Square Cap iv And making a Chappel of Ease of her Lap, First he said Grace, and then he kiss'd her.1834 T. De Quincey S. T. Coleridge in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 688/2 Sedburgh, for many years, was a sort of nursery or rural Chapel-of-ease, to Cambridge. b. parochial chapel: the place of worship of an ancient division of a parish attached to it by custom and repute, as e.g. in the case of the numerous divisions of the parish of Kendal, and other large parishes of the Lake district; district chapel, that of a modern ‘district’ or division of a parish constituted under the Church Building Acts, from 59 Geo. III, c. 134, onwards. To both of these the name church n.¹ and adj. is now commonly given, except in remote districts or special instances. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > parochial parochial chapelc1650 chapellany1726 society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > of division of parish district chapel1838 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 2 §11 So that thoes espousels be solempnysed in Churche, Chapell, or Oratory. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 55 This yere [1547] was Barkyng chappylle at the Towre hylle pullyd downe. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 13 Chappels had beene Churches, and poore mens cottages Princes Pallaces. View more context for this quotation c1650 Parl. Surveys of Livings, etc. XVII. 238 The Parish [Swyne] hath belonging to it Six Chappells, and a Viccaridge House. c1650 Parl. Surveys of Livings, etc. XVII. 238 Drypoole hath a Parochiall Chappell depending upon Swyne. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 185 in Justice Vindicated Concerning the Mother-Parish-Church twenty shillings; and concerning a Chappel ten shillings. 1838 Act 2 & 3 Vict. c. 49 §2 In the case of any church or chapel, for or to which any district chapelry has been..assigned..such church or chapel..shall be and is hereby declared to be a perpetual curacy and benefice. c1840 W. F. Hook Church Dict. 13 It is to be regretted that countenance to the assumption of the name of chapel for their place of assembly on the part of dissenters, is too often given by our designating as churches many of the new sanctuaries, which are, in fact, only chapels. 1842 R. Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 9) I. 306 The last species of chapels, those erected under the authority of the various Church-Building Acts, and usually designated District Chapels. 1855 H. Martineau Guide to Eng. Lakes 120 Wastdale Head..There is a chapel, the humblest of chapels, with eight pews, and three windows in three sides. 1868 A. Sedgwick (title) Memorial by the Trustees of Cowgill Chapel. 1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1824 A parochial chapel is that which has the parochial rights of christening and burying; and this differs in nothing from a church, but in the want of a rectory and endowment. c. free chapel: a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized by him. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > not subject to episcopal jurisdiction free chapelc1483 c1483 W. Caxton Bk. for Travellers 21 b A cure of fre chapell. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 9 The Deane and Chapiter..of the free chapell of the kynge, of Sainct Martins le graunde. 1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 4 There have been divers Colleges, Free Chapels, Chantries, Hospitals, Fraternities. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. N4/1 There is of these chapels one Kinde called a free chapell, which seemeth to be such as hath maintenance perpetuall. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 165. 1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1824 The king himself visits his free chapels..and not the ordinary. d. proprietary chapel: one that is the property of private persons. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > private chapel1297 closetc1400 lararium1706 proprietary chapel1873 1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1183 Proprietary chapels..are anomalies unknown to the ecclesiastical constitution of this kingdom, and can possess no parochial rights..Dr. Lushington said..the ancient canon law of this country knew nothing of proprietary chapels or unconsecrated chapels at all..The necessity of the times..gave rise to the erection of chapels of this kind, and to the licensing of ministers of the Church of England to perform duty therein. 1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law II. 1834 It is at any time competent to the proprietors of an unconsecrated chapel to convert it to secular purposes. 4. Applied to places of Christian worship other than those of the established church of the country: e.g. to those of Roman Catholics in Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Episcopal Church in Scotland; of the Nonconformists ejected in 1662; of Methodists since the 18th century, and, recently, of Protestant Dissenters generally (in England and Wales).These uses go back to a time when ‘church’ had still its historical value of the endowed place of worship of a parish, with its beneficed rector or vicar, tithes, etc., and when no other place of worship, whatever its architecture, ritual, or communion, was thought of as the ‘church’. Of Roman Catholic chapels the earliest mentioned were those of foreign ambassadors, and Roman Catholic queens of the Stuarts (see sense 2a); in the 18th cent., and down to 1830-40, ‘chapel’ was the regular name, as it is still in Ireland. The name first used by Protestants separating from the Church of England was apparently ‘meeting-house’; but the places of worship founded by the non-conforming clergymen ejected in 1662 were commonly ‘chapels’; after that, ‘meeting-house’ and ‘chapel’ were used more or less synonymously by Protestant Dissenters; the former became the prevailing name in the 18th century, but was mostly abandoned for ‘chapel’ in the first half of the 19th century (except by Quakers). For his connection, Wesley introduced ‘preaching-house’; but Methodist Churchmen appear to have preferred ‘chapel’; and it was in the sequel often used by Wesley as = ‘preaching-house’, and gradually took its place. During the 19th century, the custom of applying ‘church’ to the parochial and district chapels of the Church of England, was followed by the use of ‘church’ for ‘chapel’ by Roman Catholics, Scottish Episcopalians, and many Nonconformists. (See church n.¹ and adj.) But the earlier usage has made chapel in Ireland the common appellation of the Roman Catholic places of worship and service, as distinguished from those of the Protestant (Episcopal) Church; and in England and Wales of nonconformist places of worship or service, as distinguished from those of the Church of England. Hence such combinations as chapel-goer, chapel-going, chapel-people, etc. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > nonconformist conventicle?1550 meeting-place1589 meeting1593 meeting house1632 chapel1662 pantile1714 tabernacle1768 gospel-shop?1782 schism-shop1801 bethel1840 schism-house1843 Ebenezer1849 Bethesda1857 Salem1857 praise house1862 a. 1662 S. Pepys Diary 21 Sept. (1970) III. 202 The Queene..going to her chapel at St. James's..I crowded after her..and saw the fine Alter, ornaments, and the fryers in their habits. 1669 S. Pepys Diary 11 Apr. (1976) IX. 515 I took my wife to St. James's and there carried her to the Queen's Chapel. a1718 W. Penn Life in Wks. (1726) I. 135 I have not..look'd into any Chappel of the Roman Religion. a1793 J. Morris in Arminian Mag. (1795) Feb. 72 I consented to go with her to the Catholic Chapel. 1794 Z. Yewdall in Arminian Mag. (1795) Aug. 371 The Episcopalians had likewise a chapel in the place [Dalkeith]. 1794 Z. Yewdall in Arminian Mag. (1795) Aug. 371 He had taken the English Chapel [at Musselburgh]. c1815 G. Kennedy Anna Ross (1837) 69 I have decided on taking a pew..in one of the Church of England Chapels [in Scotland]. 1836 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 421/1 About forty years ago there were only 30 Catholic chapels in Great Britain; but in 1835, we find the number increased to 510. b.1681 R. Baxter Breviate Life Margaret Charlton vii. 58 When she saw that I could not use the Chappel which she built, she presently hired another near.a1691 R. Baxter Reliquæ Baxterianæ (1696) iii. 19 The Churches being burnt, and the Parish ministers gone..the Nonconformists..did keep their Meetings very openly, and prepared large Rooms, and some of them plain Chappels, with Pulpits, Seats, and Galleries... The Independents also set up their Meetings more openly than before.1694 Trust-deed, Brook St. Chapel, Knutsford Indent. Mch. 7 The ground on which the said new-erected Chappell or Meeting-house now stands, together with the said Chappell or Meeting-house.1715 T. Hearne Diary 29 May Last night a good part of the presbyterian Meeting-house in Oxford was pulled down..in the evening they pulled down a good part of the Quakers' and Anabaptist Chapels.1818 W. J. Fox Wks. (1865) I. 110 A Sermon preached before the Unitarian Society, at Essex-Street Chapel, on Thursday, April 16, 1818.1836 Gentleman's Mag. July 30/2 A red-brick structure, resembling a dissenting chapel.c1840 W. F. Hook Church Dict. 13 The places in which dissenters, whether Romish or Protestant, meet are not chapels, but meeting-houses.1884 R. W. Dale Man. Congregational Princ. App. i A hundred years ago it was probably the universal custom of Congregationalists to call their places of worship ‘meeting-houses’. ‘Chapel’..early in this century..displaced the older and better name.c.1747 Gentleman's Mag. Suppl. 620/1 That the said Mr. J. W——y, about two years ago, preached a sermon to the methodists at Salisbury in Mr. H——ll's chapel.1763 in Tyerman Life of Wesley II. iii. 478 The people were to be warned..Against calling our society a church, or the church. Against calling our preachers ministers, our houses meeting-houses (call them plain preaching houses).] 1789 J. Wesley Will 25 Feb. in Coke & Moore (1792) 515 I desire my Gowns, Cassocks, Sashes, and Bands, may remain at the Chapel for the use of the Clergymen attending there.1792 Coke & Moore Life J. Wesley (ed. 2) Sold..at the Chapel in the City-Road; and at all the Methodist Preaching-Houses in Town and Country.1817 S. Drew Life T. Coke ix. 180 Independently of the chapels or preaching houses that had been erected in the towns. 5. a. A chapel service, attendance at the service in a chapel. Hence in college phrase, to keep a chapel, to attend chapel on a single occasion; to keep one's chapels, to fulfil the prescribed number of attendances; so to miss a chapel, lose a chapel, etc. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > kinds of rite > in chapel > [noun] chapel1662 chapel-service- 1662 S. Pepys Diary 14 Dec. (1970) III. 281 Walked..up and down till Chappell-time. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. ix. 180 Without danger of reprobation, because chapel was missed. View more context for this quotation 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis I. 168 After hall they went to Mr. Buck's to take wine; and after wine to chapel. 1882 C. Kegan Paul in Cent. Mag. XXIV. 275 At Oxford, the daily chapel, so often a formal observance, still had its effect on many minds. 1889 N.E.D. at Chapel Mod. ‘You must keep your chapels’. b. to hold chapel (French tenir chapelle): said of certain princes, and especially of the pope attending divine service in state; said of cardinals, when they are present at solemn religious service, without the pope's intervention. ΚΠ 1687 London Gaz. No. 2285/1 At some Chapels of late held by the Colledge of Cardinals. 6. gen. Of other than Christian worship: A lesser temple, fane, or sanctuary, having an altar to a deity (used e.g. to translate Latin sacellum). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > temple > [noun] > small chapel1533 fanacle1594 templeta1843 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 95 He tuke purpois to distroy be augury all the remanent tempillis and chapellis [L. fana sacellaque]. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos vii. B Prophecy nomore at Bethel, for it is the kynges chapel, and the kynges courte. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9149 As Achilles this choise in chapell beheld. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 77 It was an Iddl [sic] of the Sidonians, wherevnto Salomon..builded sometime a Chappell. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xl. li. 1091 Behind the church [L. fanum] of the goddesse Hope, he caused to be built the chappel [L. ædem] of Apollo the Physician. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. i. 47 Set vp altars, and groues, and chappels of idols. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 10 And in what Chappel [L. sacello] too you plaid your prize. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvi. 54 A new chapel..had been built at Delphi. 7. A choir or body of singers attached to a chapel (usually of a king or prince); ‘now extended to mean the choir or the orchestra, or both, of a church or chapel, or other musical establishment sacred or secular’ (Grove Dict. Music). Often in French form chapelle, German kapelle, or Italian capella. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > chorister > [noun] > group of chapel1420 choir?c1430 chore1641 1420 Siege Rouen 1295 in Archæol. XXII. 381 His chapelle mette hym at the dore there, And wente bifore hym alle in fere. 1515 R. Pace in J. S. Brewer Reign Hen. VIII (1884) I. xi. 270 Surely he would have out of your chapel not children only but also men..your Graces chapel is better than his. 1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Mem. II. ii. App. A. 9 The prelats censed the corps, the chappel singing ‘Libera me, Domine’. 1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) Pref. sig. A7 The Annual Allowances of the Gentlemen of His Chappel. 8. The sacred vessels, etc., used for the services in a church or chapel. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > [noun] halidomc1000 relica1400 utensil1650 chapel1862 bondieuserie1941 society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > [noun] chapel1862 1475 Bk. Noblesse 84 Every officer shulde have noo more silver vesselle but for a chapelle and a cupbourde.] 1862 W. F. Hook Lives Archbishops Canterbury II. xi. 655 He..gave to the church an excellent chapel, which in his testament he styled his best. (Note.) In the language of the period (1205) a chapel means whatever was required for the performance of divine worship. †9. An alembic. [French ‘chapelle, couvercle d'un alambic’ (Littré), ? from original sense of cappella.] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > retorts or stills limbeckc1350 cucurbitc1386 alembicc1405 serpentaryc1450 pelican1527 retort1527 gourd1582 cucurbittel1605 horse-belly1660 long neck1660 philosophical egg1660 infuser1688 chapel1694 rencounter1694 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xxiv. 103 As for the Chappel..it shall be a Chappel, alias a Lymbeck of Rose-water. 10. a. A printers' workshop, a printing-office. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing trade > [noun] > printing establishment printing house1553 house?a1563 press1579 printing shop1589 printing office1600 print house1607 printery1638 typography1660 imprimery1663 chapel1688 print shop1845 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 120/1 Every Printing-House is termed a Chappel. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In this Sense, we say, The Orders, or Laws of the Chapel; the Secrets of the Chapel, &c. a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 47 I propos'd some reasonable Alterations in their Chapel Laws. 1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1135 It is to be noted, as a ‘custom of the chapel’. 1854 H. Miller Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) xv. 341 The petty tricks by which Franklin was annoyed were said to be played him by the chapel ghost. b. A meeting or association of the journeymen in a printing-office for promoting and enforcing order among themselves, settling disputes as to price of work, etc. It is presided over by a father of the chapel annually elected. Hence to hold a chapel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > association of employers or employees > [noun] > trade union > unions of printers > meeting of chapel1683 society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of trade union > president of printers' union father of the chapel1879 F.O.C.1929 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 356 The Oldest Freeman is Father of the Chappel. 1740 Country Jrnl. 24 May in E. Howe London Compositor (1947) 28 The senior Freeman..is the Father or dean of the Chapel. 1842 Cleave’s Penny Gaz. 29 Jan. In the Office he represents ‘the Foreman’, ‘the Chapel’, and ‘the Father of the Chapel’, in his own proper person. 1879 Women's Suffrage Jrnl. 1 Nov. 183/2 A circular..to all ‘fathers of chapels’, i.e. trades officials in printing shops. 1888 in C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 1934 J. K. Commons Myself 18 The ‘father of the chapel’ held an auction every three months. 2002 Journalist Aug. 13/1 Eoin Ronayne was Father of the NUJ Chapel. Categories » 11. slang or colloquial. House of ease, privy. Compounds C1. Generalattributive. a. chapel-bell n. ΚΠ c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 171 Gyngle..as cleere And eek as loude as dooth the Chapel belle. 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) ii. 50 The chapel-bells Call'd us. chapel-cell n. ΚΠ 1830 F. D. Hemans Streams in Songs of Affections 195 Ye have burst away, From your chapel-cells to the laughing day. chapel-clerk n. ΚΠ 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Miiij^v The cryis Of Naturis chapell Clarkis. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 382 A chapel clerk and sexton. chapel-door n. ΚΠ c1420 Sir Amadace xi Sir Amadace..rode vn-to the chapelle dur. chapel-prayers n. ΚΠ 1658 I. Walton Life of Hooker 15 In four years he was but twice absent from the chapel-prayers. Thesaurus » Categories » chapel-service n. chapel shrift n. ΚΠ 1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 78 Seldom did she go to chapel-shrift. chapel-stead n. chapel-tent n. ΚΠ 1687 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 408 The chappel tent at the camp was open'd this day. chapel-yard n. ΚΠ 1485 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1868) vi. xv Beyond the chapel-yard there met him a fair damsel. 1850 Carr v. Mostyn 19 in Law Jrnl. 253 The inhabitants of the said townships..might..bury their dead in the chapelyard. b. (In sense 4.) chapel-goer n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > nonconformity > [noun] > person recusant1581 disagreer1605 unconformitant1605 nonconformist1618 non-conformer1622 nonconformitan1622 nonconformitantc1630 inconformist1633 dissenter1639 unconformist1640 fanatic1644 non-conformant1654 withdrawer1677 non-consenter1680 non-con1681 meeting-house man1711 shit-sack1769 dissident1790 meetinger1802 chapel-goer1842 speckle-belly1874 1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 265 What now is the great body of dissenters? Chapel-goers, and no more. chapel-going n. chapel-monger n. ΚΠ 1812 Religionism 17 Muse, drop the subject, Pluralists, adieu! Next, Chapel-mongers, hark!—a word with you. chapel-people n. chapel-society n. ΚΠ 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism ii. 63 Congregationalism insulates each chapel-society. C2. † chapel-bed n. Obsolete ? one with a canopy. ΚΠ 1663 Inventory Ld. J. Gordon's Furnit. in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Committee Covenanters Kirkcudbright (1855) In the chamber next to the lytle chamber, a chapell bed all of bundwork. chapel-man n. one of the clergy or officials of a chapel. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > chaplain > [noun] chaplaina1100 padre1584 chapel-manc1650 capellanea1661 man-minister1715 sky pilot1865 c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 109 Chappellmen who haue countenanced the chappell ceremoneis and novationis. chapel-master n. used occasionally to translate French maître de chapelle or German kapellmeister, director of the music of a royal (or other) chapel (sense 7). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > conductor or leader > [noun] > chapel-master maestro di cappella1724 kapellmeister1838 chapel-masterc1850 c1850 Nat. Encycl. I. 1018 He became chapel-master to Cardinal Charles of Lorraine. 1880 ‘V. Lee’ Belcaro v. 113 The poor chapelmaster of Hoffmann. chapel-rate n. a rate for the support of a chapel. ΚΠ 1850 Carr v. Mostyn 19 in Law Jrnl. 255 There was no necessity for chapel-rates, as the trustees would repair. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020). chapeladj. Etymology: < chapel n. colloquial. Belonging to, or attending regularly, a chapel (sense 4). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > nonconformity > [adjective] dissentiousa1568 unconformed?1608 unconformable1611 unconforming1622 unconformist1640 nonconformist1641 dissenting1644 nonconforming1646 non-conform1648 non-conformable1653 unconform1655 fanatical1678 non-consenting1680 nonconformistical1808 dissident1837 Dissenterish1841 unconformitable1888 chapel1946 1946 J. Cary Moonlight 234 Mrs. Wilmot was chapel. I'm sure she never went to a play. 1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. (new ed.) viii. 275 I suppose you're Church of England? I'm chapel. 1965 New Statesman 23 Apr. 646/3 Half the parish might be pagan and the zealous few, Chapel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2019). chapelv.¹ Etymology: < chapel n. Compare to church.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈchapel. transitive. To put (bury, etc.) in a chapel.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) i. i. 50 Give us the Bones Of our dead Kings, that we may Chappell them. View more context for this quotation This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online September 2019). chapelv.² Etymology: < chapel n.: compare French faire chapelle.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈchapel. Nautical. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Chapeling a ship, the act of turning her round in a light breeze of wind when..close-hauled, so as that she will lie the same way she did before..occasioned by the negligence of the steersman, or by a sudden change of wind. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Chapelle To build a chapel at sea, or chapel a ship. 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 248* Chappelling. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.a1225adj.1946v.¹a1625v.²1769
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chapeln.

Compounds

chapeladj.

chapelv.1

chapelv.2

chapelv.¹

chapelv.²