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Christianityn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French crestienté; Latin christianitat-, christianitas. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman christenté, christienté, christianitee, Anglo-Norman and Old French cristienté, Old French, Middle French crestienté, cristianté, Middle French chrestienté (French chrétienté ) Christian faith or religion (c1040 as cristientet ), Christendom (late 12th cent.), ecclesiastical jurisdiction (early 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin christianitat-, christianitas Christian religion, Christian spirit and morals (4th cent.), Christendom (5th cent.), spiritual jurisdiction, ecclesiastical law (from 11th cent. in British and continental sources), ecclesiastical court (12th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin chrīstiānus Christian adj. and n. + -tās (see -ty suffix1; compare -ity suffix). This word superseded Christenhead n. and Christenhood n.; it has become semantically differentiated from its original synonym Christendom n.Compare Catalan cristiandat (early 14th cent.), Spanish †cristiandad (a1207), Portuguese cristandade , Italian cristianità (both 13th cent.), all in the sense ‘Christendom’, in Italian and Portuguese also in the senses ‘Christian religion’ and ‘fact or quality of being Christian’. The sense ‘fact or quality of being Christian’ is not paralleled in French until later than in English (16th cent.). Development of forms and pronunciation. The β. forms probably partly reflect alteration after christen adj. and christen n., and partly reduction of the unstressed vowel cluster -ian- ; with this type, compare Christendie n. Forms with initial ch- are attested from the late Middle English period onwards and reflect alteration after the ulterior Latin etymon, as do similar forms in French. The pentasyllabic γ. forms are already attested in the Middle English period and subsequently superseded the two earlier types. society > faith > sect > Christianity > [noun] > domain of society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > collective α. a1300 (c1250) (Vitell.) (1966) l. 229 Þe tour is heie..In Cristiante [c1300 Cambr. In þe world, c1330 Auch. In Cristiente] nis swich non. c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) l. 7 in (1885) 8 117 Avaunced was al cristiante. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 2126 Þar-in es rome þe mast cite, þat now es ouer all cristiante. a1500 (?a1400) (1887) l. 889 There ys no man in crystyante, More welcome. 1581 W. Elderton (single sheet) The Bishop saide,..‘Liuings on thee I will bestowe.’..‘No no,’ quoth Browne, ‘I will not be A Traitour for all Christiantie.’ 1607 (?a1425) Last Judgment (Harl. 2124) in H. Deimling (1916) II. 434 All the Soules in Christianty that damned were. 1814 H. Weber tr. Das Heldenbuch in 63 Far have I traversed Paynim and Christiantè, But maid so fair and noble never have I seen. 1878 H. A. Beers 33 A thirstier soul than I am one Lives not in Christianté. 1908 J. Payne 125 The flower of Christiantie, The loveliest lady whom ever upon The sunbeams burned and the moonlight shone. 2. society > faith > sect > Christianity > [noun] a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 11704 Yn þe begynnyng of crystyanyte, Þe apostoles wente aboute to preche. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 5637 He was large & curtays, Þe first cristen kyng, men says..Þorh him was brouht to cristiante. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 535 (MED) Noon of the religiouns now vsid among Cristen men with the comoun hool lawe of Cristente eny man mai reproue. a1530 W. Bonde (1531) iii. f. Clxxxx All yt we byleue expresly & distinctly in christianite. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys vi. 105 Christianitie doeth not consist in lowde and shrill crying, Lord, Lord. 1611 M. Smith in Transl. Pref. The professours and teachers of Christianitie. 1773 E. Burke Speech on Toleration Bill in (1981) II. 383 I am persuaded that toleration so far from being an attack upon Christianity becomes the best and surest support. 1821 J. Baillie 46 That Monarch..had, in cause of Christentie, Fought with bold Saracens right gallantly. 1854 H. H. Milman I. Pref. p. iii The great sphere of Latin Christianity was Western Europe. 1914 123 311 The vast majority of these churchless millions are still under the influence of Christianity, recognize more or less clearly its moral ideals. 1950 M. L. King View of Cross possessing Biblical & Spiritual Justification in (1992) 311 There can hardly be any gainsaying of the fact that Christianity was greatly influenced by the Mystery religions. 2019 (Louisiana State Univ.) (Nexis) 12 Feb. 1 Christianity tells its followers to forgive unconditionally, whether someone murders a member of my family or eats the last slice of my pumpkin pie. society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > collective > part of 1653 S. Fisher v. 550 He will endlessly imbroile you in wars one against another, about your false faiths, and Anti-christian Christianities. 1834 T. Carlyle iii. iii. 80/1 What make ye of your Christianities, and Chivalries, and Reformations? 1850 R. W. Emerson Swedenborg in iii. 135 The moral sentiment, which carries innumerable christianities, humanities, divinities in its bosom. 1940 6/1 There is only one gospel but there are many Christianities. 2011 K. Flake Enduring Contest in C. A. Brekus & W. C. Gilpin iv. 491 America's seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Christianities were overtly establishmentarian. society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > condition a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 232 Men clepyn hym god of cristianite; For ȝyf he wyl hym mercy craue, Redyly mercy shal he haue. 1536 T. Starkey sig. Z.iiiv May we..passe this lyfe in mooste pure and perfyte christianitie. 1588 J. Udall v. 32 Concerning his state of Christianitie, & abilitie to that place where to he is to be called. c1665 L. Hutchinson (1973) To Children 5 The head and spring of them all [sc. his virtues], his Christianity. a1716 O. Blackall (1723) I. xix. 180 If he practises according to this Opinion, he so far renounces his Christianity. 1833 C. F. Crusé tr. Eusebius (ed. 2) viii. xiii. 376 A venerable example of genuine Christianity. 1886 27 Feb. 202/3 Englishmen whose Christianity consists in going to Church once upon a Sunday. 1930 E. Waugh (1938) xiii. 205 If you practised a little more Christianity yourself we might be more willing to subscribe to your foreign missions and Boy Scouts and organ funds. 2003 15 Dec. 53/2 His left-wing enemies..see his Christianity as a further indication of his essential conservatism. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > rural dean > [noun] > district of rural dean > in specific localities 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. 1009/2 In this citie [sc. Exeter] in the yeare 1222..the parish churches were limited, and increased to the number of nineteene churches within the citie and suburbs, and were called by the name of the christianitie euen to this daie. 1606 R. Chambers tr. P. Numan 89 M. Iames de Castro Doctor of diuinitie, Archpriest or dean of the Christianitie [Fr. Doyen de la Chrestienneté] in Diest. 1743 86 There are twelve Deaneries, the Names of which stand thus, in the Consistorial Registry of this Diocese, the Deanery of the Christianity in Dublin, 2dly, Swords, 3dly, Lusk, [etc.] 1863 W. H. Dixon & J. Raine I. 484/2 On Oct. 12, 1365, the dean of the Christianity of York was ordered to levy the recent subsidy to the fabric of 4d. in each mark from the clergy of his deanery. 2011 (Nexis) 10 June He was Honorary Canon at Leicester Cathedral and from 1995 to 1998 he was Rural Dean of Christianity South. Phrasesthe mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > (originally) with reference to Christianity a1500 (?a1400) (1935) l. 289 (MED) By god..and be my cristyante, Syr Olyuer, ȝe sey soȝt. 1601 Ld. Mountjoy Let. 5 Sept. in T. Stafford (1633) ii. ix. 187 Upon my Christianity, I doe acknowledge him to haue deserved more of mee. a1645 W. Laud (1695) xxi. 219 But upon my Christianity this Story is Truth. 1790 R. Robinson xxviii. 324 Such a man, where attestation among his Fellow-Christians was required, might with a good grace lay his hand on his breast, and say, I protest by my baptism, or I declare by my Christianity, it is, it was, or it shall be so and so. P2. a. society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > [noun] 1573 G. Gifford tr. W. Fulke sig. M.vv To acknowledge it in the courts of Christianitie as they call them [L. in curijs quas vocant Christianitatis], in which the popes lawe is exercised. 1835 W. Dansey II. 41 Our ruridecanal conventions..were acknowledged..as rural courts of Christianity. 1956 86 185 In 1403..Mary widow of Thomas Comyn claimed in the Court of Christianity the advowson of the church of St. Sampson's of Balygriffyn. b. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > rural dean > [noun] 1695 W. Kennett Gloss. at Christianitatis Curia Courts of Christianity were not only held by the Bishops in Synods, and the Archdeacons and Chancellors in Consistories. But they were also the Rural Chapters, where the Rural Dean or Dean of Christianity presided, and the Clergy were Assessors. 1835 W. Dansey II. 54 Extensive duties of arbitration and pacification are charged on the deans of Christianity..of the diocese of Ypres. 2011 R. Oram ii. x. 347 The first dean of Christianity there..was recorded only in the later 1150s. c. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > rural dean > [noun] > district of rural dean > in specific localities 1782 13 (heading) Deanery of Christianity alias Exeter. 1878 413 Diocese of Peterborough, Archdeaconry of Leicester, Deanery of Christianity, or Leicester. 1950 6 Oct. 10/2 Many church dignitaries, including..the clergy of the deanery of Christianity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.a1300 |
