Chilternn.

/ˈtʃɪltən/

Forms: Also 1500s chylturne, chiltorne, 1700s chilturn.

Etymology: Ciltern occurs as a proper name in the Old English Chron. anno 1009; but also, since 16th cent., applied to a kind of soil or country. This may be from the proper name, though the converse is also possible; at present no explanation of the word is known.

1. Proper name of a range of hills, in some parts wooded, which extend from the south of Oxfordshire, near Wallingford, quite across Buckinghamshire into Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire.

a1125 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1009 Ða æfter middan wintra hi namon þa ænne upgang ut þurh Ciltern, and swa to Oxneforda.

1747 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. I. 483 The woodlands on the edge of Bucks and Hertfordshire, called the Chiltern.

2. Chiltern Hundreds n. a name given to five (or more strictly four and a half) hundreds in Oxfordshire, and three in Buckinghamshire, which contain the Chiltern Hills. The manorial rights of these belonged to the Crown, which appointed over them Stewards and Bailiffs. These offices have long been obsolete or merely nominal, but that of the three Buckinghamshire hundreds (Stoke, Desborough, and Burnham) is the best known of several fictitious offices, now used for a special purpose. No member of parliament is by law at liberty to resign his seat, so long as he is duly qualified; on the other hand, a member who accepts an office of profit under the Crown must vacate his seat, subject to re-election. A member desiring to resign therefore applies for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds, or other similar appointment, which is, by a legal figment, held to be such an office; the appointment necessitates his resignation, and, having thus fulfilled its purpose, is again resigned, so as to be ready for conferment upon the next member that wishes to make the same use of it.The holding of an office of profit under the Crown became a disqualification in 1707. It was not till 1740 that the Stewardship of a royal manor was used in order to create a disqualification. In that year Sir Watkin Wynn took the Stewardship of H. M. Lordship and Manor of Bromfield and Yale (which was again taken in 1749). In 1742 Ld. Middlesex took the Head Stewardship of H. M. Honour of Otford in Kent. In January 1750-51 John Pitt, M.P. for Wrexham, took the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds, which has come to be the ordinary form, except when a second resignation takes place before this is vacant.

ΘΠ

society > authority > office > withdrawing from or vacating office > [noun] > means to resign from a seat in parliament

Chiltern Hundreds1751

c1273 in W. Illingworth Rotuli Hundredorum (1812) I. 22/2 Aria hundreda Ciltrie sunt in manu domini Regis, scilicet Dosteberge, Stokes & Burnham.

1653 Parl. Survey, Bucks No. 4 (MS. Recd. Off.) A Survey of the Rents, issues, and profitts of the three Hundreds commonly called or knowne by the name of y^e Three Hundreds of Chilturne, with y^e Courts and Bayliwick thereunto belonging..within y^e county of Bucks, parcell of the possessions of Charles Stuart late King of England, made and taken by us whose names are hereunto subscribed.

1751 Entry in Jrnl. of Ho. Comm. Who since his election..hath accepted the Office of Steward or Bailiff of H. M.'s Three Chiltern Hundreds of Stoke, Desborough and Bonenham in the County of Buckingham.

1763 Brit. Mag. 4 276 Norborne Berkley, Esq. steward of the manor of the three Chiltern Hundreds.

1781 Hatsell Precedents (1818) II. 55.

1817 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 1303 A representative of the city of London, in the room of Harvey Combe, Esq. who had accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

1844 T. E. May Parl. Pract. 340.

1883 T. E. May Parl. Pract. 709.

1888 Newspr. ‘If he doubts it, let him apply for the Chiltern Hundreds, and present himself for re-election.’

3. adj.n. Applied to a kind of soil, and to districts having this soil: see quots.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > other soils

white earth1448

Chiltern?1530

light land1589

deads1653

rosil1691

moorland1753

prairie soil1817

residuum1828

rendzina1905

podzol1908

solonetz1924

solod1925

solonchak1925

pedalfer1928

pedocal1928

skeletal soil1932

peloid1933

sierozem1934

planosol1938

lithosol1939

regosol1949

andosol1958

Alfisol1960

Aridisol1960

Histosol1960

Spodosol1960

Andisol1978

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > [noun]

downlandeOE

downOE

highlandOE

high country1445

wold1472

high ground1489

upland1566

hill-country1582

Chiltern1627

downs country1791

altitude1853

upwold1875

top-land1877

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > other types of soil

redeOE

Armeniac?a1425

rosiny1613

Chiltern1669

light land1770

acid1806

residuary1829

mottled1845

sedentary1870

residual1876

azonal1896

Bulli1904

immature1921

mature1924

intrazonal1927

podzolic1927

pedalferic1928

pedocalic1928

solonetzic1935

planosolic1949

solodic1968

cryptogamic1973

cryptobiotic1992

?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. i There be many maner of groundes and soyle. Some whyte clay, some reed clay, som grauell, som chylturne.

1627 T. Jackson Treat. Catholike Faith x. 80 Agar or Sinai is not such a generall name of the whole mountaine-country in Arabia, as Wold or chilterne is in English.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 13 Compare such Counties and Places in England, that are for the most part upon Enclosure, with the Champion or Chilterne Counties or Places.

1733 W. Ellis (title) Chiltern and Vale farming explained.

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Mar. iv. 27 Hertfordshire in general, most Part of Kent, Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Berkshire, Wiltshire, and many other Counties abounding in chalky, sandy, gravelly, and loamy Soils, are deservedly called Chilturn Countries, as being of a dry short Nature, and lying in dry Situations.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	chiltern
释义	Chilternn. /ˈtʃɪltən/ Forms: Also 1500s chylturne, chiltorne, 1700s chilturn. Etymology: Ciltern occurs as a proper name in the Old English Chron. anno 1009; but also, since 16th cent., applied to a kind of soil or country. This may be from the proper name, though the converse is also possible; at present no explanation of the word is known. 1. Proper name of a range of hills, in some parts wooded, which extend from the south of Oxfordshire, near Wallingford, quite across Buckinghamshire into Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire. Π a1125 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1009 Ða æfter middan wintra hi namon þa ænne upgang ut þurh Ciltern, and swa to Oxneforda. 1747 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. I. 483 The woodlands on the edge of Bucks and Hertfordshire, called the Chiltern. 2. Chiltern Hundreds n. a name given to five (or more strictly four and a half) hundreds in Oxfordshire, and three in Buckinghamshire, which contain the Chiltern Hills. The manorial rights of these belonged to the Crown, which appointed over them Stewards and Bailiffs. These offices have long been obsolete or merely nominal, but that of the three Buckinghamshire hundreds (Stoke, Desborough, and Burnham) is the best known of several fictitious offices, now used for a special purpose. No member of parliament is by law at liberty to resign his seat, so long as he is duly qualified; on the other hand, a member who accepts an office of profit under the Crown must vacate his seat, subject to re-election. A member desiring to resign therefore applies for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds, or other similar appointment, which is, by a legal figment, held to be such an office; the appointment necessitates his resignation, and, having thus fulfilled its purpose, is again resigned, so as to be ready for conferment upon the next member that wishes to make the same use of it.The holding of an office of profit under the Crown became a disqualification in 1707. It was not till 1740 that the Stewardship of a royal manor was used in order to create a disqualification. In that year Sir Watkin Wynn took the Stewardship of H. M. Lordship and Manor of Bromfield and Yale (which was again taken in 1749). In 1742 Ld. Middlesex took the Head Stewardship of H. M. Honour of Otford in Kent. In January 1750-51 John Pitt, M.P. for Wrexham, took the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds, which has come to be the ordinary form, except when a second resignation takes place before this is vacant. ΘΠ society > authority > office > withdrawing from or vacating office > [noun] > means to resign from a seat in parliament Chiltern Hundreds1751 c1273 in W. Illingworth Rotuli Hundredorum (1812) I. 22/2 Aria hundreda Ciltrie sunt in manu domini Regis, scilicet Dosteberge, Stokes & Burnham. 1653 Parl. Survey, Bucks No. 4 (MS. Recd. Off.) A Survey of the Rents, issues, and profitts of the three Hundreds commonly called or knowne by the name of y^e Three Hundreds of Chilturne, with y^e Courts and Bayliwick thereunto belonging..within y^e county of Bucks, parcell of the possessions of Charles Stuart late King of England, made and taken by us whose names are hereunto subscribed. 1751 Entry in Jrnl. of Ho. Comm. Who since his election..hath accepted the Office of Steward or Bailiff of H. M.'s Three Chiltern Hundreds of Stoke, Desborough and Bonenham in the County of Buckingham. 1763 Brit. Mag. 4 276 Norborne Berkley, Esq. steward of the manor of the three Chiltern Hundreds. 1781 Hatsell Precedents (1818) II. 55. 1817 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 1303 A representative of the city of London, in the room of Harvey Combe, Esq. who had accepted the Chiltern Hundreds. 1844 T. E. May Parl. Pract. 340. 1883 T. E. May Parl. Pract. 709. 1888 Newspr. ‘If he doubts it, let him apply for the Chiltern Hundreds, and present himself for re-election.’ 3. adj.n. Applied to a kind of soil, and to districts having this soil: see quots. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > other soils white earth1448 Chiltern?1530 light land1589 deads1653 rosil1691 moorland1753 prairie soil1817 residuum1828 rendzina1905 podzol1908 solonetz1924 solod1925 solonchak1925 pedalfer1928 pedocal1928 skeletal soil1932 peloid1933 sierozem1934 planosol1938 lithosol1939 regosol1949 andosol1958 Alfisol1960 Aridisol1960 Histosol1960 Spodosol1960 Andisol1978 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > [noun] downlandeOE downOE highlandOE high country1445 wold1472 high ground1489 upland1566 hill-country1582 Chiltern1627 downs country1791 altitude1853 upwold1875 top-land1877 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > other types of soil redeOE Armeniac?a1425 rosiny1613 Chiltern1669 light land1770 acid1806 residuary1829 mottled1845 sedentary1870 residual1876 azonal1896 Bulli1904 immature1921 mature1924 intrazonal1927 podzolic1927 pedalferic1928 pedocalic1928 solonetzic1935 planosolic1949 solodic1968 cryptogamic1973 cryptobiotic1992 ?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. i There be many maner of groundes and soyle. Some whyte clay, some reed clay, som grauell, som chylturne. 1627 T. Jackson Treat. Catholike Faith x. 80 Agar or Sinai is not such a generall name of the whole mountaine-country in Arabia, as Wold or chilterne is in English. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 13 Compare such Counties and Places in England, that are for the most part upon Enclosure, with the Champion or Chilterne Counties or Places. 1733 W. Ellis (title) Chiltern and Vale farming explained. 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Mar. iv. 27 Hertfordshire in general, most Part of Kent, Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Berkshire, Wiltshire, and many other Counties abounding in chalky, sandy, gravelly, and loamy Soils, are deservedly called Chilturn Countries, as being of a dry short Nature, and lying in dry Situations. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.a1125
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