单词 | affright |
释义 | affrightn. Now rare (chiefly archaic in later use). 1. The state of being frightened; terror, fright. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > fright caused by alarm frighta1325 affrayc1380 fray1398 gloppeninga1400 alarma1460 scare1548 affright1566 affrightment1593 aghastment1594 surprise1609 gastc1686 gliff1732 stew1806 stink1819 feeze1825 startlement1927 1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon iii. sig. Fj The soft and gentle goldilocks starte vp of her affright. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. Pv Then dead through great affright They both nigh were. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 30 Jan. (1972) VI. 25 This puts me into a most mighty affright. 1727 E. Haywood tr. M.-A. de Gomez Belle Assemblée (new ed.) II. 127 Every one consider'd it with the same affright. 1789 W. Belsham Ess. II. xl. 511 Mr. Burke, in his affright, forgets what in his calmer moments he readily concedes. a1845 R. H. Barham Forloen One in Ingoldsby Legends (1847) 3rd Ser. 306 Thy bosom pants in wild affright. a1860 H. Crafts Bondwoman's Narr. (2002) v. 67 She would scream with affright. 1930 N. Shepherd Weatherhouse xv. 273 Mrs. Falconer drew back in paralysed affright. 2. A cause or source of fear or fright. Also: the action or an act of frightening a person or animal. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > [noun] > action of frightening affrayinga1450 affright1573 scaring1573 affrightment1608 frighting1619 aghasting1663 1573 G. Gascoigne & F. Kinwelmersh Iocasta v. iv, in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 155 In these affrightes this frosen heart of mine, By feare of death maynteines my dying life. 1584 J. Lyly Sapho & Phao iii. iii. sig. D4v Ah, whoe is there? what sodeine affrightes bee these? 1611 B. Jonson Catiline iv. sig. H4v I see, the Gods..would humble them; By sending these affrights . View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 456 The War at hand appears with more affright. 1703 tr. Present State Europe Mar. 89 To alarum the People with renew'd Affrights. 1802 S. T. Coleridge Dejection in Morning Post 4 Oct. A tale of less affright, And temper'd with delight. 1884 H. P. Fellows Boating Trips on New Eng. Rivers ii. ii. 82 Our sudden and unexpected appearance was..an affright to the patient cow. 1912 A. T. S. Goodrick tr. H. J. C. von Grimmelshausen Adventurous Simplicissimus ii. xxxi. 192 'Tis likely you were terrified. I swear..that such affright was against my will. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). affrightadj.α. Old English afyriht (rare), Old English–early Middle English afyrht, late Old English afirht, early Middle English afurht (west midlands). β. Middle English affriȝt, Middle English affryȝt, Middle English affryht, Middle English afriȝt, Middle English afriȝte, Middle English afryght, Middle English afryȝt, Middle English afryht, Middle English–1600s afright, 1500s– affright. γ. late Middle English afroughte. Now rare (archaic in later use). In predicative use: struck with fear; terrified, frightened, afraid. Also with with. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective] affrightOE ofgrisea1200 adreadc1225 ofgasta1300 aghastc1300 dreadc1300 dreadfula1325 dreadya1325 forfrighteda1325 frightfula1325 gasta1382 dareda1400 aghasteda1425 mazed1493 awfula1522 agazed1557 flaited1565 terrifiedc1586 gastereda1644 scarified1895 the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [adjective] > frightened by an alarm radc1175 frightfula1325 afraidc1350 affrighta1400 amazedc1405 affese1614 OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxviii. 4 Þa weardas wæron afyrhte [L. timore..exterriti]. OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 63 Ðurh hyre grymetunge..hi [sc. ða oðre deor] beoð swa afyrhte, þæt hi fleon ne durron. OE tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (Cambr.) xx. §3. 213 Þa ic gehyrde þæt word hys bebodes ic wæs myd myclum ege afyriht [L. perterritus pauore]. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 167 Þa wæren heo swiðe afyrhte. c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 557 (MED) King charles..was swiþe sore afriȝt To lese roulond. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 1889 (MED) A-fryȝt he wax of hym sum del, so grym a was in gale. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 10551 For drede of deþ, he was affryȝt. a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 13 (MED) An horribill tode assailid hym..he was sore afright and aferd of hym. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 2413 (MED) Launcelot Answeryd with hert sore, Thoughe he were nothynge A-froughte. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Rv As one affright With hellish feends, or Furies mad vprore. 1647 H. More Resolution 175 The weakned phansy sore affright With the grim shades of grisely Night. 1773 J. Johnson Let. 5 Feb. in Joshua Johnson's Letterbk. (1979) 60 I assure you without jest I am affright. 1892 J. Miller Songs of Sierras & Sunlands 202 Some far-off sounds..seem'd to call to him and pray For help, as if they were affright. 1919 Overland Monthly June 489 The earth was affright. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). affrightv.α. Old English afyrhtan; also past tense Old English afyrhte. β. 1500s affreyt, 1500s affryght, 1500s– affright, 1600s affrite, 1600s afright; also past tense late Middle English afrighte, late Middle English afriht; also past participle 1500s afright. Chiefly archaic and poetic in later use. 1. transitive. To frighten, terrify. Formerly also: †to deter from (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)] afearOE affrightOE breec1000 offrightlOE agastc1225 offearc1225 dreadc1250 agrisec1275 begallowc1320 ashunchc1325 adreadc1330 affrayc1330 fleya1400 grise1513 terrify1536 fray-bug1551 thunderbolta1586 fear-blast1593 gaster1593 hazen1593 terrorc1595 affrighten1615 ter-terrifya1618 flaite1642 pavefy1656 repall1687 hobgoblin1707 scarify1794 to scare the daylights out of1951 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > deter fearc1380 abster1542 deter1578 affright1579 to bluff off1846 OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §28. 242 Ic wiste þæt swin wæron ðæm deorum laðe, & hiora rying hie meahte afyrhton. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xiii. 56 He getreowode on Godes fultum þæt hi no afyrhte [eOE Tanner fyrhte; L. deterreant] þæt gewin ðæs siðfætes. c1450 (a1393) J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Harl. 3490) iii. l. 1422 Afrighte [v.r. afriht; Fairf. Merveile, which so sore aflihte A mannes herte]. 1560 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Thyestes i. sig. Aiiiiv Why dooste thou me affryght? 1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church v. i. f. 264 Rehearse some odde and strange iestes of Heretikes..to affright people from the studie of their doctrine. 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. A So terrible was his stile..as would have affrighted our peaceable Poets, from intermedling hereafter, with that quarrelling kinde of verse. 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age ii. sig. D2 You afright me with your steele. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 53 The Chubs..will presently rise up to the top again, and lie there soaring till some shadow affrights them again. 1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 176 To affright people from vicious practises. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 118 Terrifying and affrighting me with his Threats. 1770 J. Wesley Let. 25 Jan. (1931) V. 177 I do not know whether the objection of ‘giving offence’ need to affright you from it. 1792 C. Wyvill Def. Dr. Price 27 To a Rhetorical Writer these calamities presented an easy opportunity..to affright his Readers. 1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry II. i. i. 7 I see no corn growing underneath, from which, a priapus, or scare-crow might affright the birds. 1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion iv. iv. 158 Never a wolf affrights them Here in the pasture's peace. 1924 Amer. Mercury Apr. 408/2 Hell no longer affrights and palsies them. 1995 Guardian 4 Feb. (Weekend Suppl.) 14/1 More moderate protesters may confine their protests to affrighting volunteers. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)] adreadeOE affrightOE frightc1000 agastc1300 offrightc1300 scarec1400 resoignc1500 fray1535 feara1593 fley1768 OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 102 Iudica quod iustum est, domine,..qui respicis super terram et facis ea[m] tremere : gidoem þætte soð' is driht'..ðu ðe eft bisiist of' earðe & ðu doest ða afyrhta. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 68 (MED) Whan these woordes j vnderstood, myn herte al afrighte. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1566adj.OEv.OE |
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