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单词 affright
释义

affrightn.

Brit. /əˈfrʌɪt/, U.S. /əˈfraɪt/
Forms: 1500s– affright, 1500s– affrightes (plural), 1600s–1700s afright.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: affright v.
Etymology: < affright v. Compare fright n.Compare late Old English afyrhtu , in the same sense (one isolated attestation; apparently < a- prefix1 + Old English fyrhtu fright n., after afyrhtan affright v.):lOE Salisbury Psalter: Canticles iv. 16 Irruat super eos formido et pauor in magnitudine brachii tui : hreas ouer hi ege & afyrhto [OE Stowe Psalter fyrhto & oga] on mycelnese earmes þines.
Now rare (chiefly archaic in later use).
1. The state of being frightened; terror, fright.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > fright caused by alarm
frighta1325
affrayc1380
fray1398
gloppeninga1400
alarma1460
scare1548
affright1566
affrightment1593
aghastment1594
surprise1609
gastc1686
gliff1732
stew1806
stink1819
feeze1825
startlement1927
1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon iii. sig. Fj The soft and gentle goldilocks starte vp of her affright.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. Pv Then dead through great affright They both nigh were.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 30 Jan. (1972) VI. 25 This puts me into a most mighty affright.
1727 E. Haywood tr. M.-A. de Gomez Belle Assemblée (new ed.) II. 127 Every one consider'd it with the same affright.
1789 W. Belsham Ess. II. xl. 511 Mr. Burke, in his affright, forgets what in his calmer moments he readily concedes.
a1845 R. H. Barham Forloen One in Ingoldsby Legends (1847) 3rd Ser. 306 Thy bosom pants in wild affright.
a1860 H. Crafts Bondwoman's Narr. (2002) v. 67 She would scream with affright.
1930 N. Shepherd Weatherhouse xv. 273 Mrs. Falconer drew back in paralysed affright.
2. A cause or source of fear or fright. Also: the action or an act of frightening a person or animal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > [noun] > action of frightening
affrayinga1450
affright1573
scaring1573
affrightment1608
frighting1619
aghasting1663
1573 G. Gascoigne & F. Kinwelmersh Iocasta v. iv, in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 155 In these affrightes this frosen heart of mine, By feare of death maynteines my dying life.
1584 J. Lyly Sapho & Phao iii. iii. sig. D4v Ah, whoe is there? what sodeine affrightes bee these?
1611 B. Jonson Catiline iv. sig. H4v I see, the Gods..would humble them; By sending these affrights . View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 456 The War at hand appears with more affright.
1703 tr. Present State Europe Mar. 89 To alarum the People with renew'd Affrights.
1802 S. T. Coleridge Dejection in Morning Post 4 Oct. A tale of less affright, And temper'd with delight.
1884 H. P. Fellows Boating Trips on New Eng. Rivers ii. ii. 82 Our sudden and unexpected appearance was..an affright to the patient cow.
1912 A. T. S. Goodrick tr. H. J. C. von Grimmelshausen Adventurous Simplicissimus ii. xxxi. 192 'Tis likely you were terrified. I swear..that such affright was against my will.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

affrightadj.

Brit. /əˈfrʌɪt/, U.S. /əˈfraɪt/
Forms:

α. Old English afyriht (rare), Old English–early Middle English afyrht, late Old English afirht, early Middle English afurht (west midlands).

β. Middle English affriȝt, Middle English affryȝt, Middle English affryht, Middle English afriȝt, Middle English afriȝte, Middle English afryght, Middle English afryȝt, Middle English afryht, Middle English–1600s afright, 1500s– affright.

γ. late Middle English afroughte.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English afyrht , affright v.
Etymology: < Old English afyrht, past participle of afyrhtanaffright v. Compare affrighted adj., and later offright , past participle of offright v.With the spelling in aff- compare affright v. and discussion at that entry. The origin of the form afroughte at γ. forms is unclear; it may perhaps show a different word, a metathesized reflex of early Middle English aforht frightened, afraid (one isolated attestation; apparently < a- prefix1 + Old English forht frightened, afraid (see fright n.), after affright adj. and afear v.):a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) Prol. 9 Ne beo þu forði aforht ne afered [OE Corpus Oxf. forht and afæred; L. pauore perterrita].
Now rare (archaic in later use).
In predicative use: struck with fear; terrified, frightened, afraid. Also with with. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective]
affrightOE
ofgrisea1200
adreadc1225
ofgasta1300
aghastc1300
dreadc1300
dreadfula1325
dreadya1325
forfrighteda1325
frightfula1325
gasta1382
dareda1400
aghasteda1425
mazed1493
awfula1522
agazed1557
flaited1565
terrifiedc1586
gastereda1644
scarified1895
the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [adjective] > frightened by an alarm
radc1175
frightfula1325
afraidc1350
affrighta1400
amazedc1405
affese1614
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxviii. 4 Þa weardas wæron afyrhte [L. timore..exterriti].
OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 63 Ðurh hyre grymetunge..hi [sc. ða oðre deor] beoð swa afyrhte, þæt hi fleon ne durron.
OE tr. Gospel of Nicodemus (Cambr.) xx. §3. 213 Þa ic gehyrde þæt word hys bebodes ic wæs myd myclum ege afyriht [L. perterritus pauore].
c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 167 Þa wæren heo swiðe afyrhte.
c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 557 (MED) King charles..was swiþe sore afriȝt To lese roulond.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 1889 (MED) A-fryȝt he wax of hym sum del, so grym a was in gale.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 10551 For drede of deþ, he was affryȝt.
a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 13 (MED) An horribill tode assailid hym..he was sore afright and aferd of hym.
a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 2413 (MED) Launcelot Answeryd with hert sore, Thoughe he were nothynge A-froughte.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Rv As one affright With hellish feends, or Furies mad vprore.
1647 H. More Resolution 175 The weakned phansy sore affright With the grim shades of grisely Night.
1773 J. Johnson Let. 5 Feb. in Joshua Johnson's Letterbk. (1979) 60 I assure you without jest I am affright.
1892 J. Miller Songs of Sierras & Sunlands 202 Some far-off sounds..seem'd to call to him and pray For help, as if they were affright.
1919 Overland Monthly June 489 The earth was affright.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

affrightv.

Brit. /əˈfrʌɪt/, U.S. /əˈfraɪt/
Forms:

α. Old English afyrhtan; also past tense Old English afyrhte.

β. 1500s affreyt, 1500s affryght, 1500s– affright, 1600s affrite, 1600s afright; also past tense late Middle English afrighte, late Middle English afriht; also past participle 1500s afright.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon aforhtian to frighten (Middle Low German ervrüchten (reflexive) to be afraid), Old High German irforahten , irforhten , irforihten , irfurhten (Middle High German erforihten , erfürhten , ervürhten ) to be or become afraid < the Germanic base of a- prefix1 + the Germanic base of fright v. Compare affright adj., and later offright v.In Old English a weak verb of Class I; compare also (from the same Germanic base) the weak Class II verb aforhtian to be or become afraid ( < a- prefix1 + forhtian to be or become afraid: see fright v.). Apparently re-formed in the 15th cent. In forms in aff- from the 16th cent. after formations in af- prefix (see discussion at that entry).
Chiefly archaic and poetic in later use.
1. transitive. To frighten, terrify. Formerly also: †to deter from (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > terrify [verb (transitive)]
afearOE
affrightOE
breec1000
offrightlOE
agastc1225
offearc1225
dreadc1250
agrisec1275
begallowc1320
ashunchc1325
adreadc1330
affrayc1330
fleya1400
grise1513
terrify1536
fray-bug1551
thunderbolta1586
fear-blast1593
gaster1593
hazen1593
terrorc1595
affrighten1615
ter-terrifya1618
flaite1642
pavefy1656
repall1687
hobgoblin1707
scarify1794
to scare the daylights out of1951
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > deter
fearc1380
abster1542
deter1578
affright1579
to bluff off1846
OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §28. 242 Ic wiste þæt swin wæron ðæm deorum laðe, & hiora rying hie meahte afyrhton.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xiii. 56 He getreowode on Godes fultum þæt hi no afyrhte [eOE Tanner fyrhte; L. deterreant] þæt gewin ðæs siðfætes.
c1450 (a1393) J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Harl. 3490) iii. l. 1422 Afrighte [v.r. afriht; Fairf. Merveile, which so sore aflihte A mannes herte].
1560 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Thyestes i. sig. Aiiiiv Why dooste thou me affryght?
1579 G. Gilpin tr. P. van Marnix van Sant Aldegonde Bee Hiue of Romishe Church v. i. f. 264 Rehearse some odde and strange iestes of Heretikes..to affright people from the studie of their doctrine.
1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. A So terrible was his stile..as would have affrighted our peaceable Poets, from intermedling hereafter, with that quarrelling kinde of verse.
1611 T. Heywood Golden Age ii. sig. D2 You afright me with your steele.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 53 The Chubs..will presently rise up to the top again, and lie there soaring till some shadow affrights them again.
1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 176 To affright people from vicious practises.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 118 Terrifying and affrighting me with his Threats.
1770 J. Wesley Let. 25 Jan. (1931) V. 177 I do not know whether the objection of ‘giving offence’ need to affright you from it.
1792 C. Wyvill Def. Dr. Price 27 To a Rhetorical Writer these calamities presented an easy opportunity..to affright his Readers.
1804 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry II. i. i. 7 I see no corn growing underneath, from which, a priapus, or scare-crow might affright the birds.
1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion iv. iv. 158 Never a wolf affrights them Here in the pasture's peace.
1924 Amer. Mercury Apr. 408/2 Hell no longer affrights and palsies them.
1995 Guardian 4 Feb. (Weekend Suppl.) 14/1 More moderate protesters may confine their protests to affrighting volunteers.
2. intransitive. To be or become afraid. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)]
adreadeOE
affrightOE
frightc1000
agastc1300
offrightc1300
scarec1400
resoignc1500
fray1535
feara1593
fley1768
OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (1927) 102 Iudica quod iustum est, domine,..qui respicis super terram et facis ea[m] tremere : gidoem þætte soð' is driht'..ðu ðe eft bisiist of' earðe & ðu doest ða afyrhta.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 68 (MED) Whan these woordes j vnderstood, myn herte al afrighte.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1566adj.OEv.OE
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更新时间:2024/11/11 7:54:00