chafferingn.

Brit.

/ˈtʃaf(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈtʃæf(ə)rɪŋ/

Forms: see chaffer v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: chaffer v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < chaffer v. + -ing suffix¹.

†a. The action of buying and selling; trading or dealing in goods. Obsolete.Also in church-chaffering n. at church n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun]

mongingOE

cheapinga1000

cheapOE

chaffer?c1225

merchandisea1300

market-making1340

merchandyc1350

corseriec1380

chafferinga1382

need-doinga1382

changea1387

chapmanhoodc1386

cossery?a1400

bargaining1401

merchandisinga1425

merchandrya1450

intercourse1473

business1478

chapmanry1483

the feat of merchandisec1503

market1525

trade1549

marting1553

contractation1555

trading1556

merchantryc1560

marketing1561

mart1562

trafficking1570

contraction1582

tract1582

nundination1586

commerce1587

chafferya1599

negotiation1601

intertraffica1603

traffic1603

commercery1604

intertrading1606

correspondence1607

mercature1611

correspondency1613

coss?1635

negotiating1640

dealing1691

chapmanship1727

merchanting1883

intertrade1915

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. iii. 14 Betere is the purchasing of it than the chaffering [a1425 L.V. marchaundie] of gold and siluer.

c1450 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Hatton) 4 (MED) If þu art a marschaunt, disceyue not þi broþir in chaffaryng.

b. The action of bargaining or haggling over a price.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > negotiating or making terms

bargain1330

treatyc1405

overture1427

chafferingc1449

treatingc1450

entreat1485

patising1530

practice1540

articulating1562

capitulation1569

entreatance1574

tractation1600

interdealing1611

negotiation1614

tractate1618

haggling1632

traffickinga1649

bargaining1669

conditioning1680

transacting1686

higgling1700

stipulation1792

treatment1828

haggle1829

coming to terms1843

society > trade and finance > bargaining > [noun]

koffry1488

hucking1551

coping1595

haggling1632

hucksterage1641

huckstering1647

huckstery1662

bargaining1669

higgling1700

chaffering1794

badgering1800

dickering1802

tig-tagging1825

haggle1829

chaffer1851

bargain-driving1902

wheeling and dealing1969

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 16 In mennis bargenyngis and cheffaringis to gidere.

1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams III. vii. 126 After some chaffering, they agreed to accept eleven guineas.

1994 Guardian 14 June ii. 15/3 The price in 1967, reached after much chaffering through the aid of a mediator, was £1,600.

2005 E. Morgan Play of Gilgamesh iv. ii. 68 May your chaffering fall on deaf ears.

2. In extended use.

†a. Engagement in any activity for gain; (in plural) affairs or dealings, esp. of a worldly as opposed to a spiritual nature. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 155 Ȝif we..medle vs ouer nede with worldely occupaciouns and chafferynges..we mowe..drede the indignacioun of Jesu.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 21119 (MED) My soule I gaff hym [sc. Sathan]..And forsook, by chaffaryng, The werkys off the myghty kyng.

b. The action of discussing terms, negotiating, or arguing; an instance of this. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie lxxv. 463 If we fall to such Chaffering with him [sc. God].

1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. v. 39 A thousand Patrons..bring Their new-falne Churches to the Chaffering.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. vi. 299 Now began a series of sharp chafferings on both sides.

1944 Economist 29 July 138/1 The determination of the quotas resembled the process of political chaffering more than an objective attempt to achieve equity.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

chafferingadj.

Etymology: Formed as chaffer v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈchaffering.

That chaffers.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [adjective]

chaffering1483

merchantlike1566

merchantablea1603

emporial1604

merchandising1616

mercantile1638

mercatorian1648

mercatory1654

mercatorial1662

commercial1757

tradal1846

tradey1855

mercantilist1881

mercantilistic1883

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [adjective] > relating to negotiation > negotiating

in terms1567

on (also upon) terms1567

haggling1589

higgling1678

in —— terms1851

chaffering1856

society > trade and finance > bargaining > [adjective]

hucking1551

huckstering1593

higgling1678

brokering1687

chaffering1870

1483 General Sentence in Festival (1532) Al maner of marchaundyse of chaffryng men and of men of craft.

1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 114 Chaffering townsmen.

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 35 Near all the birds Will sing at dawn,—and yet we do not take The chaffering swallow for the holy lark.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 117 In the market-place He stood and saw the chaffering folk go by.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	chaffering
释义	chafferingn. Brit. /ˈtʃaf(ə)rɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈtʃæf(ə)rɪŋ/ Forms: see chaffer v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: chaffer v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < chaffer v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. †a. The action of buying and selling; trading or dealing in goods. Obsolete.Also in church-chaffering n. at church n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] mongingOE cheapinga1000 cheapOE chaffer?c1225 merchandisea1300 market-making1340 merchandyc1350 corseriec1380 chafferinga1382 need-doinga1382 changea1387 chapmanhoodc1386 cossery?a1400 bargaining1401 merchandisinga1425 merchandrya1450 intercourse1473 business1478 chapmanry1483 the feat of merchandisec1503 market1525 trade1549 marting1553 contractation1555 trading1556 merchantryc1560 marketing1561 mart1562 trafficking1570 contraction1582 tract1582 nundination1586 commerce1587 chafferya1599 negotiation1601 intertraffica1603 traffic1603 commercery1604 intertrading1606 correspondence1607 mercature1611 correspondency1613 coss?1635 negotiating1640 dealing1691 chapmanship1727 merchanting1883 intertrade1915 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. iii. 14 Betere is the purchasing of it than the chaffering [a1425 L.V. marchaundie] of gold and siluer. c1450 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Hatton) 4 (MED) If þu art a marschaunt, disceyue not þi broþir in chaffaryng. b. The action of bargaining or haggling over a price. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > negotiating or making terms bargain1330 treatyc1405 overture1427 chafferingc1449 treatingc1450 entreat1485 patising1530 practice1540 articulating1562 capitulation1569 entreatance1574 tractation1600 interdealing1611 negotiation1614 tractate1618 haggling1632 traffickinga1649 bargaining1669 conditioning1680 transacting1686 higgling1700 stipulation1792 treatment1828 haggle1829 coming to terms1843 society > trade and finance > bargaining > [noun] koffry1488 hucking1551 coping1595 haggling1632 hucksterage1641 huckstering1647 huckstery1662 bargaining1669 higgling1700 chaffering1794 badgering1800 dickering1802 tig-tagging1825 haggle1829 chaffer1851 bargain-driving1902 wheeling and dealing1969 c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 16 In mennis bargenyngis and cheffaringis to gidere. 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams III. vii. 126 After some chaffering, they agreed to accept eleven guineas. 1994 Guardian 14 June ii. 15/3 The price in 1967, reached after much chaffering through the aid of a mediator, was £1,600. 2005 E. Morgan Play of Gilgamesh iv. ii. 68 May your chaffering fall on deaf ears. 2. In extended use. †a. Engagement in any activity for gain; (in plural) affairs or dealings, esp. of a worldly as opposed to a spiritual nature. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1430 N. Love Mirror Blessed Life (Brasenose e.9) (1908) 155 Ȝif we..medle vs ouer nede with worldely occupaciouns and chafferynges..we mowe..drede the indignacioun of Jesu. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 21119 (MED) My soule I gaff hym [sc. Sathan]..And forsook, by chaffaryng, The werkys off the myghty kyng. b. The action of discussing terms, negotiating, or arguing; an instance of this. Now rare. ΚΠ 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie lxxv. 463 If we fall to such Chaffering with him [sc. God]. 1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. ii. v. 39 A thousand Patrons..bring Their new-falne Churches to the Chaffering. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. vi. 299 Now began a series of sharp chafferings on both sides. 1944 Economist 29 July 138/1 The determination of the quotas resembled the process of political chaffering more than an objective attempt to achieve equity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). chafferingadj. Etymology: Formed as chaffer v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈchaffering. That chaffers. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [adjective] chaffering1483 merchantlike1566 merchantablea1603 emporial1604 merchandising1616 mercantile1638 mercatorian1648 mercatory1654 mercatorial1662 commercial1757 tradal1846 tradey1855 mercantilist1881 mercantilistic1883 the mind > language > speech > agreement > [adjective] > relating to negotiation > negotiating in terms1567 on (also upon) terms1567 haggling1589 higgling1678 in —— terms1851 chaffering1856 society > trade and finance > bargaining > [adjective] hucking1551 huckstering1593 higgling1678 brokering1687 chaffering1870 1483 General Sentence in Festival (1532) Al maner of marchaundyse of chaffryng men and of men of craft. 1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 114 Chaffering townsmen. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 35 Near all the birds Will sing at dawn,—and yet we do not take The chaffering swallow for the holy lark. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 117 In the market-place He stood and saw the chaffering folk go by. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.a1382adj.1483
随便看	well-conscienced well-consenting well-considered well-consorted well-constituted well-constructed well-constructedness well-content well-contented well-contenting well-continued well-contrived well-controlled well-cooked well-corked well-corned well-corrected well-couched well-counterfeited well-coupled well-covered well-crafted well-crammed well-creamed well-created