chaferchaffern.¹

Brit.

/ˈtʃeɪfə/,

/ˈtʃafə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃeɪfər/

Forms: Old English ceafor, cefer, Middle English cheaffer, chauer, 1600s– chafer, chaffer.

Etymology: Old English cefer corresponds to Old Saxon (Middle Dutch and modern Dutch) kever , Old High German chevar (chevaro ), Middle High German kever , kefere , German käfer beetle < Old Germanic type kefro-z ; Old English ceafor , if from earlier *cafr , points to Old Germanic ablaut-variant *kafroz , -uz . Possible derivations are from a stem kaf- to gnaw (see chavel v.), or from that of chaff n.¹, an animal enclosed in scales or husks. Modern German use applies the name to all Coleoptera, from the ladybird to the stag-beetle.

A name given to certain beetles, now chiefly the cockchafer n. and rose chafer n.; used alone, it generally means the former of these. Apparently, originally applied to species destructive to plants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > genus Melolontha > member of (cockchafer)

chaferc1000

kafer1599

cockchafer1668

miller1668

May-bug1688

May-beetle1720

oak-web1720

humbuzz1756

May-chafer1766

dor-beetle1774

locust1790

fern-web1796

melolonthian1841

lamellicorn1842

furze-owl1847

rose beetle1856

melolonthid1928

billywitch1933

α. form chafer.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 121 Bruchus, ceafor.

c1000 Ags. Ps. civ. 30 [cv. 34] Sona cwoman gangan gærshoppan, and grame ceaferas [bruchus].

c1400 Trevisa's Higden (Rolls) II. 211 (MS. α) Of hors i-roted comeþ cheaffers [1387 harnettes, Caxton chauers].

1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie iv. sig. D8 These [dorres]..do openly engender with their females, as the chaffers doe.

1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) II. xxi. 254 Take one of the common chafers or dung-beetles into your hand.

β. form chaffer.1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 314 The great appearances of Chaffers, or other Insects.1770–4 A. Hunter Georgical Ess. (1803) III. 99 Cock-Chaffer..called..the Chaffer..the Jeffry-Cock, the May-bug and (in Norfolk) the Dor.1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 324 Every sparrow that flies by has a chaffer in its mouth.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

chafern.²

Brit.

/ˈtʃeɪfə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃeɪfər/

Forms: Middle English chaufour(e, Middle English chafor, chafur, chafir, chafour(e, chafowre, chaufur, chaufyr, chawfer, chaffire, chaffour, chalfer, Middle English–1600s chaufer, chaffer, 1500s chaver, chavffer, 1500s– chafer.

Etymology: < chafe v. + -er suffix¹; or (in sense 1) < French chauffoir < late Latin type *calefātōrium for calefactōrium . See chauffer n.

? Obsolete.

†1. A vessel for heating something: (a) A vessel for heating water, a saucepan; (b) a portable grate, a chafing-dish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > portable receptacle for burning fuel

fire paneOE

heartheOE

fire vessela1382

chafer1395

chimneyc1420

chafing-dish1483

coal pan1530

fire chauffer1558

brazeraine1623

brasero1652

brazier1690

firecage1770

fire-holder1789

fire basket1798

mangal1814

komfoor1841

rodney1848

Jack1849

chip pan1854

reredos1859

hibachi1863

scaldino1866

chafing-pan1867

salamander1873

α. form chauf(f)our, -er.

1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 5 A chaufour of siluer.

1427 Mem. Rip. (1882) I. 329 j chawfer.

1434 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 101 A chaufur of bras.

1558 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 162 ij fyer chavffers.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 215 Faire chaufers and goodly pots.

β. form chafour, -er.1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 46 Þe best of yren broches, & a chafur.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 68 Chafowre to make whote a thynge as watur, calefactorium.1488 in P. F. Tytler Inventory Jewels James III (1864) II. 392 A chalfer, of silver ouregilt.a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. C Enter Mephastophilis with a chafer of coles.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 398/1 Barbers..carry about with them..a small Chafer.1721–33 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. i. i. i. 2 Basin and chavers of silver and gilt..to wash the Prince.1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1257 These [barbers'] chafers are no longer made in London.γ. form chaffer.a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 161 Lay þem vppon youre galantyne stondynge on a chaffire hoote.1505 Will of John Horwood (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/14) f. 294 A large chaffer of laton.1629 Inventory Hatfield Priory in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1889) New Ser. 3 160 j great brasse chaffer to heat water in.

†2. = chafe-wax n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts

alderman1275

steward of the manor1303

Queen's (also King's) Proctor?a1425

remembrancer1451

augmentationer1550

associate1552

procurator-fiscal1564

proctor-fiscal1565

chafer1587

custos brevium1589

examiner1594

chafe-wax1607

exceptor1728

procurator general1740

Marshal of the (Court of) Admiralty1769

Pundit of the Supreme Court1827

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 920/2 A clearke of the hamper; and a chafer of the wax.

1647 L. Haward Charges Crown Revenue 2 Chafer of Wax. Fee.—7l. 6s. 7d.

1805 Lett. Patent in Law Times 81 442/2 The office or place of chaffer of the wax.

3. One who chafes or fumes. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > irritability > [noun] > irritable person

impatient1502

chafer1598

fume1768

Scot1819

fumer1894

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Bronfatore..a snorter, a huff snuff, a chafer.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) iv. ii. §1. 127 Chafers in play are couetous, great gamesters are foolish.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

chaferv.

Etymology: ? misprint for chafe v.

ΚΠ

1678 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother (rev. ed.) iv. ii. 36 Mir Do they chafer [1637 chafe] roundly? And. As they were rubb'd with Soap, Sir..Mir. Long may they chafe, and long may we laugh at 'em.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online January 2018).

n.¹c1000

n.²1395

v.1678

单词	chafer
释义	chaferchaffern.¹ Brit. /ˈtʃeɪfə/, /ˈtʃafə/, U.S. /ˈtʃeɪfər/ Forms: Old English ceafor, cefer, Middle English cheaffer, chauer, 1600s– chafer, chaffer. Etymology: Old English cefer corresponds to Old Saxon (Middle Dutch and modern Dutch) kever , Old High German chevar (chevaro ), Middle High German kever , kefere , German käfer beetle < Old Germanic type kefro-z ; Old English ceafor , if from earlier cafr , points to Old Germanic ablaut-variant kafroz , -uz . Possible derivations are from a stem kaf- to gnaw (see chavel v.), or from that of chaff n.¹, an animal enclosed in scales or husks. Modern German use applies the name to all Coleoptera, from the ladybird to the stag-beetle. A name given to certain beetles, now chiefly the cockchafer n. and rose chafer n.; used alone, it generally means the former of these. Apparently, originally applied to species destructive to plants. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > genus Melolontha > member of (cockchafer) chaferc1000 kafer1599 cockchafer1668 miller1668 May-bug1688 May-beetle1720 oak-web1720 humbuzz1756 May-chafer1766 dor-beetle1774 locust1790 fern-web1796 melolonthian1841 lamellicorn1842 furze-owl1847 rose beetle1856 melolonthid1928 billywitch1933 α. form chafer. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 121 Bruchus, ceafor. c1000 Ags. Ps. civ. 30 [cv. 34] Sona cwoman gangan gærshoppan, and grame ceaferas [bruchus]. c1400 Trevisa's Higden (Rolls) II. 211 (MS. α) Of hors i-roted comeþ cheaffers [1387 harnettes, Caxton chauers]. 1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie iv. sig. D8 These [dorres]..do openly engender with their females, as the chaffers doe. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) II. xxi. 254 Take one of the common chafers or dung-beetles into your hand. β. form chaffer.1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 314 The great appearances of Chaffers, or other Insects.1770–4 A. Hunter Georgical Ess. (1803) III. 99 Cock-Chaffer..called..the Chaffer..the Jeffry-Cock, the May-bug and (in Norfolk) the Dor.1829 J. L. Knapp Jrnl. Naturalist 324 Every sparrow that flies by has a chaffer in its mouth. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). chafern.² Brit. /ˈtʃeɪfə/, U.S. /ˈtʃeɪfər/ Forms: Middle English chaufour(e, Middle English chafor, chafur, chafir, chafour(e, chafowre, chaufur, chaufyr, chawfer, chaffire, chaffour, chalfer, Middle English–1600s chaufer, chaffer, 1500s chaver, chavffer, 1500s– chafer. Etymology: < chafe v. + -er suffix¹; or (in sense 1) < French chauffoir < late Latin type calefātōrium for calefactōrium* . See chauffer n. ? Obsolete. †1. A vessel for heating something: (a) A vessel for heating water, a saucepan; (b) a portable grate, a chafing-dish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > portable receptacle for burning fuel fire paneOE heartheOE fire vessela1382 chafer1395 chimneyc1420 chafing-dish1483 coal pan1530 fire chauffer1558 brazeraine1623 brasero1652 brazier1690 firecage1770 fire-holder1789 fire basket1798 mangal1814 komfoor1841 rodney1848 Jack1849 chip pan1854 reredos1859 hibachi1863 scaldino1866 chafing-pan1867 salamander1873 α. form chauf(f)our, -er. 1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 5 A chaufour of siluer. 1427 Mem. Rip. (1882) I. 329 j chawfer. 1434 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 101 A chaufur of bras. 1558 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 162 ij fyer chavffers. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 215 Faire chaufers and goodly pots. β. form chafour, -er.1420 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 46 Þe best of yren broches, & a chafur.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 68 Chafowre to make whote a thynge as watur, calefactorium.1488 in P. F. Tytler Inventory Jewels James III (1864) II. 392 A chalfer, of silver ouregilt.a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. C Enter Mephastophilis with a chafer of coles.1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 398/1 Barbers..carry about with them..a small Chafer.1721–33 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. i. i. i. 2 Basin and chavers of silver and gilt..to wash the Prince.1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 1257 These [barbers'] chafers are no longer made in London.γ. form chaffer.a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 161 Lay þem vppon youre galantyne stondynge on a chaffire hoote.1505 Will of John Horwood (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/14) f. 294 A large chaffer of laton.1629 Inventory Hatfield Priory in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1889) New Ser. 3 160 j great brasse chaffer to heat water in. †2. = chafe-wax n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts alderman1275 steward of the manor1303 Queen's (also King's) Proctor?a1425 remembrancer1451 augmentationer1550 associate1552 procurator-fiscal1564 proctor-fiscal1565 chafer1587 custos brevium1589 examiner1594 chafe-wax1607 exceptor1728 procurator general1740 Marshal of the (Court of) Admiralty1769 Pundit of the Supreme Court1827 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 920/2 A clearke of the hamper; and a chafer of the wax. 1647 L. Haward Charges Crown Revenue 2 Chafer of Wax. Fee.—7l. 6s. 7d. 1805 Lett. Patent in Law Times 81 442/2 The office or place of chaffer of the wax. 3. One who chafes or fumes. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > irritability > [noun] > irritable person impatient1502 chafer1598 fume1768 Scot1819 fumer1894 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Bronfatore..a snorter, a huff snuff, a chafer. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) iv. ii. §1. 127 Chafers in play are couetous, great gamesters are foolish. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). chaferv. Etymology: ? misprint for chafe v. ΚΠ 1678 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Elder Brother (rev. ed.) iv. ii. 36 Mir Do they chafer [1637 chafe] roundly? And. As they were rubb'd with Soap, Sir..Mir. Long may they chafe, and long may we laugh at 'em. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online January 2018). < n.¹c1000n.²1395v.1678
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chaferchaffern.1

chafern.2

chaferv.

chaferchaffern.¹

chafern.²