chafev.

Brit.

/tʃeɪf/, U.S.

/tʃeɪf/

Forms: Middle English chaufe-n, chawffe, chafen, Middle English–1500s chauffe, Middle English chawfe, Middle English–1500s chauf, Middle English–1600s chaffe, chaufe, 1500s chaafe, caff(e, chafen, 1500s–1800s chaff, Middle English– chafe. past tense and participle Middle English chauffede, chaufid, chefede, chauffit, Middle English–1500s chaufed, chauffed, Middle English chaufet, chauffid, chaffyd, 1500s caffed, chafde, chafte, chauft, chafid, 1600s chaft, Middle English–1800s chaffed, Middle English– chafed.

Etymology: Middle English chaufe-n, < Old French chaufer, modern chauffer to warm = Provençal calfar, Italian calefare < late Latin or Romance *calefāre, contracted from Latin calefacĕre to heat, make warm, < calēre to be warm + facere to make. In English the diphthong au was, as in other Anglo-Norman words, reduced to long /aː/, and this in regular phonetic course to /eɪ/: compare gauge, safe, Ralph, chamber.

I. Transitive senses.

†1. To warm, heat. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)]

lew971

anheatOE

heatc1000

warmOE

hota1200

enchafec1374

eschaufec1374

chafea1382

achafea1400

calefy1526

heaten1559

glow1599

foment1658

to hot up1846

sultry1897

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliv. 15 He toc of hem, and is chaufed [a1425 warmed].

c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxv A schimnay of charcole, to chaufen the knyȝte.

c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 455 Chauf hit over the fyre.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. cxvi[xii]. 333 His bedde was wont to be chafed with a bason with hote coles.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Giv To caffe or warme, chauffer.

1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre xlviii, in Posies sig. Hvi Whose greace hath molt all caffed as it was.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 108 To heat and chaufe any part of the bodie.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 331 Waxe when it is chafed will take an impression.

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 86 It cannot be any vulgar furnace that hath chafed so cool a Salamander.

†2. figurative. To inflame (the feelings), excite, warm, heat. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion

annealeOE

ontendeOE

anheatOE

atend1006

tindc1175

firec1225

heat?c1225

inlowa1300

inflamea1340

eschaufec1374

flamec1380

kindlec1390

chafe1393

achafea1400

to set a firec1400

lighta1413

incense1435

scaldc1480

embrase1483

incend?1504

to set on fire?1526

enkindle1561

enfire1596

flush1633

boil1649

calenturea1657

infirea1661

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xv. 68 Leste cheste chaufe ous so and choppe ech man oþere.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 128 Þat he wolde..cherisch hem alle with his cher, & chaufen her Ioye.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxiii. 165 The goddesse of loue whiche kyndeleth and chauffeth the amerous hertes.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 22 Raymondyn, whiche was chaffed, doubted not of hys lyf.

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. viii. f. 150 When he was chafed with drinking.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 81 Their continuing in their Rebellion did but chafe, and heat the spirit of the Captains.

1686 A. Horneck Crucified Jesus i. 14 The Heart must be Prepared, the Soul Chafed, the Affections warmed.

1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 79 The use now made of it [Dancing]..serves only to chaff the Blood.

3. To rub with the hand; esp. to rub (a person's limbs, etc.) in order to restore warmth or sensation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > touch or feel with the hand [verb (intransitive)] > to restore warmth or sensation

chafec1440

the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > touch or feel with the hand [verb (transitive)] > to restore warmth or sensation

chafec1440

massage1966

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > warm a person or the body > by rubbing

chafec1440

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 68 Chafyn or rubbyn, frico.

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Cvij^v Wax chaufed with the hande, is made softer.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxiv. 121 The vse of chafing, and rubbing the body.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 282 He took his Arms..and chaffed and rubbed them with his Hands.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur in Poems (new ed.) II. 13 She..laid his head upon her lap,..and chafed his hands.

1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 290 They..bore her home, and chafed her tender limbs.

absolute.1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. v. 188 She fell to chafing more violently. 1879 R. Browning Ivan Ivanovitch in Idyls I. 54 Chafe away, keep chafing, for she moans: She's coming to!

a. To rub so as to abrade or injure the surface; to fret, gall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > chafe or excoriate

flayc1250

to-shell1377

gallc1440

excoriate1497

chafe1526

to pare to (also beyond, etc.) the quick1538

spur-galla1555

gald1555

raw1593

begall1597

rub1618

rind1893

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)]

gnidec1000

frot?c1225

gnoddec1230

rudc1300

ruba1325

wipe1362

freta1400

labour?a1475

wrive1481

scrud1483

chafe1526

friga1529

fricace1579

perfricate1598

affricate1656

fricate1716

frictionize1853

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. UUUv All his ioyntes were..losed..his body so chafed.

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Ciii^v Wyth theyr [sc. ants'] trauayle chafed is eche pathe.

1602 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 136 Wiche old book was frett and chafed.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Seamen say..The Cable is chafed in the Hawse, when it is fretted or begun to be worn out there.

1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 15 The flap of your saddle..chafing you between the confines of the boots and breeches.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxvi. 264 All the boats were badly chafed.

1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 92 How easily its tender skin gets chafed.

b. With some mixture of sense 10 (to rage, fume).

ΚΠ

1813 W. Scott Rokeby ii. vii. 64 He..May view [the torrent] chafe her waves to spray, O'er every rock.

5. figurative. To heat or ruffle in temper; to vex, irritate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]

gremec893

grillc897

teenOE

mispay?c1225

agrillec1275

oftenec1275

tarya1300

tarc1300

atenec1320

enchafec1374

to-tarc1384

stingc1386

chafe?a1400

pokec1400

irec1420

ertc1440

rehete1447

nettlec1450

bog1546

tickle1548

touch1581

urge1593

aggravate1598

irritate1598

dishumour1600

to wind up1602

to pick at ——1603

outhumour1607

vex1625

bloody1633

efferate1653

rankle1659

spleen1689

splenetize1700

rile1724

roil1742

to put out1796

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

roughen1837

acerbate1845

to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846

nag1849

to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859

frump1862

rattle1865

to set up any one's bristles1873

urticate1873

needle1874

draw1876

to rough up1877

to stick pins into1879

to get on ——1880

to make (someone) tiredc1883

razoo1890

to get under a person's skin1896

to get a person's goat1905

to be on at1907

to get a person's nanny1909

cag1919

to get a person's nanny-goat1928

cagmag1932

peeve1934

tick-off1934

to get on a person's tits1945

to piss off1946

bug1947

to get up a person's nose1951

tee1955

bum1970

tick1975

?a1400 Arthur 95 Arthour was chafed & wexed wrothe.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 75 To theym that be fyrst chaffed and angry.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 97 Whan the see was well chaffed and..ayenst them sore moeued.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Sam. xvii. 8.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 236 I chafe you if I tarrie. Let me go.

1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth i. 89 Being frustrate of his hope, and sore chafed in minde.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake Concl. 327 The youth was chafed, and with disdain Refused to touch his harp again.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lix. 130 To chafe and vex me is a part of her nature.

†6.

a. To scold. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > scold

chidec1230

ban1340

tongue1388

rate1393

flite14..

rehetec1400

janglec1430

chafec1485

rattle1542

berate1548

quarrel1587

hazen?1608

bequarrel1624

huff1674

shrewa1687

to claw away, off1692

tongue-pad1707

to blow up1710

scold1718

rag1739

redd1776

bullyraga1790

jaw1810

targe1825

haze1829

overhaul1840

tongue-walk1841

trim1882

to call down1883

tongue-lash1887

roar1917

to go off at (a person)1941

chew1948

wrinch2009

c1485 Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 11 For his hyre he doth me chawfe.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 7th Serm. sig. Ccv^v We wyll crye out vpon theym, vpbrayde them, chyde, braule, fume, chaufe, & backebight them.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iii. vi. 104 The Parret..being beaten and chaffed, returneth to its owne naturall voice.

c1677 Temple in Courtenay Mem. (1836) I. 499 The King..chafing us for spending him so much money, and doing nothing.

b. slang. (See quot.; an ironical use of 1 or 3 or other preceding sense: cf. anoint v. 6.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat > soundly or severely

anointa1500

peppera1550

bumbastea1566

dust1612

blue-beata1627

cullis1639

chafe1673

to tan (a person's) hide1679

1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 36 Chaft, beaten or bang'd.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Chaft, well beaten or bang'd.

II. Intransitive senses.

†7. To become warm or hot. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > become hot

heata700

chafe1393

heatenc1540

to hot up1897

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xviii. 49 Then grace sholde growe..And charite, þat child is now sholde chaufen of him-self.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 283 The day be-gan to chauffe, and the sonne was risen right high.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ciii. [xcix.] 301 The dayes chafed meruaylously, for it was aboute mydsomer.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 407 He so chaufeth and moyleth in sturryng the coales.

†8. ? To spoil by heating, to undergo decomposition (? by heating or rubbing). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?a1400 Morte Arth. 2301 They bussche[d] and bawmede þaire honourliche kynges, Sewed theme in sendelle sexti faulde aftire, Lappede them in lede, lesse that they schulde Chawnge or chawffe.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1634) i. xcv. 169 Then laid them in chests of lead, because they should not chafe nor savour.

9. To rub; to press or strike with friction (on, upon, against). (Often with mixture of other notions: cf. 10c.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (intransitive)]

rubc1400

streak1607

chafe1608

fret1654

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 21 The murmuring surge That on the vnnumbred idle peeble chaffes .

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Seamen say, a Rope chafes, when it galls or frets, by rubbing against any rough and hard thing.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. xii. 17 Is it the roar of Teviot's tide, That chafes against the scaur's red side?

1855 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea xiv. §599 If the currents chafe upon it.

1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life xiii. 178 As a caged bear chafes..against the walls of his cell.

10.

a. figurative. To wax warm (in temper); to be angry, to rage; now usually, to display irritation of temper and impatience of restraint or obstacles, by fuming, fretting, and worrying oneself or others.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > be or become irritated [verb (intransitive)]

enchafec1380

fume and chafec1522

chafe1525

to fret and fume1551

rankle1582

to lose patience, one's temper1622

pique1664

to have no patience with1682

ruffle1719

to be out of the way (with)1740

echinate1792

nettle1810

to get one's dander up1831

to set up one's jay-feathers1880

hackle1935

to get off one's bike1939

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxxiii. [cxix.] 348 If ye fynde hym harde and highe of wordes, chafe not with hym, treate hym swetely.

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 32 The man began to fume and chaafe.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 26 b Though you..chaufe and fume never so much agaynst him.

1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple liii Calmnesse is great advantage: he that lets Another chafe, may warm him at his fire: Mark all his wandrings, and enjoy his frets.

1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. viii. 29 I never chaff, but take the good and the bad as they fall in my road.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 172 Let the loser chafe.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 78 The wilder adventurers..had chafed at his advice.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico III. vii. i. 246 While the exasperated prelate was chafing under this affront.

1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. Chaff, to chafe or chaffer, to quarrel. ‘They chaff'd at teean t'other varry sairly.’

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xv. 246 The aristocratic party could but chafe in impotent rage.

b. with complement.

ΚΠ

?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 120 He had an occasion greatly to chafe or frette the hart owt of his bellye.

c. Of the sea, etc.: To fret, rage, or fume. (Sometimes with a tinge of sense 9.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)]

wedec900

wrakec1330

ragea1475

tempest1477

rave1559

ruffle1579

violent1609

chafea1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. iii. 86 I would you did but see how it chafes, how it rages, how it takes vp the shore.

1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Flood of Thessaly i. 477 The great sea chafes And the wild horses of the Atlantic shake Their sounding manes.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. liv. 35 Their conflicting waters roared and chafed in eddies and waves.

1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxiii. 302 Chafing like an angry sea, the crowd pressed after them.

Draft additions June 2007

intransitive. figurative. Chiefly North American. to chafe at the bit: to be restlessly impatient or over-eager in the face of a delay or constraint; = to champ at (also on) the bit at champ v. Additions. Cf. sense 10a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > impatience > be impatient [verb (intransitive)]

to think longc1300

one's fingers are all thumbs1546

bate1599

to sit upon hot cockles1607

to be upon the nettle (also in a nettle)1723

to champ at (also on) the bit1832

to chafe at the bit1873

1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 4 Jan. 198/3 The editor..must keep his opinions to himself or suffer the consequences. If he chafes at the bit, and rashly ventilates his thoughts, his paper is suppressed.

1894 Atlanta Constit. 23 Jan. 1/6 The champion..is eager for the fight to come. He is, as it were, chafing at the bit.

1933 H. Miller Let. 20 Apr. in A. Nin & H. Miller Literate Passion (1989) 148 So don't get the idea that I am chafing at the bit.

1941 Times 17 Oct. 5/2 The militarists were chafing at the bit.

1990 N.Y. Woman June–July 87/2 When I wasn't working I did feel cheated... I was chafing at the bit to be out there and doing it.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	chafe
释义	chafen. Brit. /tʃeɪf/, U.S. /tʃeɪf/ Forms: Also 1500s chaufe, chauff, 1600s chaff. Etymology: < chafe v. 1. Heat of mind or temper; rage, passion, fury; state of vexation, pet, ‘temper’. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > heat of anger swelmea1400 heatc1480 chafe1551 warmness1563 fire1694 the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > fit of fumea1529 chafe1551 the needle1617 sterks1941 1551 R. Ascham Lett. in Wks. (1865) I. ii. 312 The pope is in a wonderful chafe. 1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iv. 105 The Emperour answered in a great chafe. a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1866–7) I. 176 He went away like Naaman in a chafe. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxviii. 238 A March-Hare was never in such a Chaff as I am. 1703 W. Burkitt Expos. Notes New Test. Rom. xi. 15 That..I might see them at last believe for Anger, or for very Shame, and go to Heaven in a Holy Chafe. 1823 W. Scott Peveril II. ix. 249 Into what an unprofitable chafe you have put yourself! 1825 Bull-baiting ii, in Houlston Tracts I. xxviii To take bulls by the nose, and put them in a bit of a chafe. 2. Rubbing, fretting, friction. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > [noun] frotting?c1225 chafinga1398 rubbinga1398 confricationc1400 frettingc1400 attrition1601 fricacing1607 perfrication1607 triture1607 affrication1615 affriction1615 confriction1617 rub1618 frication1631 intertrigation1651 perfriction1656 friction1718 interfrication1747 adhesion1825 chafe1848 interfriction1854 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. i. i. 84 The chafe Comes not by wearing chains, but feeling them. 1876 R. F. Burton Two Trips Gorilla Land I. 71 Causing painful chafes and sores. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 66 They catch the chafe of the sail. 3. A chafing against restraints. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > [noun] rebelnessa1387 unquietness1524 rebelliousness1537 chafe1869 1869 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Aug. 11 His utterances are..marked already with a restlessness of spirit, and move with a chafe and impetuosity of rhythm, that seem to bode revolt. Compounds Also chafe-wax n., etc. † chafe-gall n. Obsolete (see quot.). ΚΠ 1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius Intertrigo..a galling in a man or beast by going, riding, or rubbing of one thing against another; a chafegall. † chafe-halter n. (also chaff-halter) Obsolete cf. chase-halter n. at chase n.¹ Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1704 Dict. Rusticum at Bridle Chaff-Halter, a Woman's Bridle is the same, only it's double Rained. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). chafev. Brit. /tʃeɪf/, U.S. /tʃeɪf/ Forms: Middle English chaufe-n, chawffe, chafen, Middle English–1500s chauffe, Middle English chawfe, Middle English–1500s chauf, Middle English–1600s chaffe, chaufe, 1500s chaafe, caff(e, chafen, 1500s–1800s chaff, Middle English– chafe. past tense and participle Middle English chauffede, chaufid, chefede, chauffit, Middle English–1500s chaufed, chauffed, Middle English chaufet, chauffid, chaffyd, 1500s caffed, chafde, chafte, chauft, chafid, 1600s chaft, Middle English–1800s chaffed, Middle English– chafed. Etymology: Middle English chaufe-n, < Old French chaufer, modern chauffer to warm = Provençal calfar, Italian calefare < late Latin or Romance calefāre, contracted from Latin calefacĕre* to heat, make warm, < calēre to be warm + facere to make. In English the diphthong au was, as in other Anglo-Norman words, reduced to long /aː/, and this in regular phonetic course to /eɪ/: compare gauge, safe, Ralph, chamber. I. Transitive senses. †1. To warm, heat. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] lew971 anheatOE heatc1000 warmOE hota1200 enchafec1374 eschaufec1374 chafea1382 achafea1400 calefy1526 heaten1559 glow1599 foment1658 to hot up1846 sultry1897 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xliv. 15 He toc of hem, and is chaufed [a1425 warmed]. c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxv A schimnay of charcole, to chaufen the knyȝte. c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 455 Chauf hit over the fyre. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. cxvi[xii]. 333 His bedde was wont to be chafed with a bason with hote coles. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Giv To caffe or warme, chauffer. 1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre xlviii, in Posies sig. Hvi Whose greace hath molt all caffed as it was. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 108 To heat and chaufe any part of the bodie. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 331 Waxe when it is chafed will take an impression. 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 86 It cannot be any vulgar furnace that hath chafed so cool a Salamander. †2. figurative. To inflame (the feelings), excite, warm, heat. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion annealeOE ontendeOE anheatOE atend1006 tindc1175 firec1225 heat?c1225 inlowa1300 inflamea1340 eschaufec1374 flamec1380 kindlec1390 chafe1393 achafea1400 to set a firec1400 lighta1413 incense1435 scaldc1480 embrase1483 incend?1504 to set on fire?1526 enkindle1561 enfire1596 flush1633 boil1649 calenturea1657 infirea1661 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xv. 68 Leste cheste chaufe ous so and choppe ech man oþere. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 128 Þat he wolde..cherisch hem alle with his cher, & chaufen her Ioye. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxiii. 165 The goddesse of loue whiche kyndeleth and chauffeth the amerous hertes. c1500 Melusine (1895) 22 Raymondyn, whiche was chaffed, doubted not of hys lyf. 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. viii. f. 150 When he was chafed with drinking. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 81 Their continuing in their Rebellion did but chafe, and heat the spirit of the Captains. View more context for this quotation 1686 A. Horneck Crucified Jesus i. 14 The Heart must be Prepared, the Soul Chafed, the Affections warmed. 1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 79 The use now made of it [Dancing]..serves only to chaff the Blood. 3. To rub with the hand; esp. to rub (a person's limbs, etc.) in order to restore warmth or sensation. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > touch or feel with the hand [verb (intransitive)] > to restore warmth or sensation chafec1440 the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > touch or feel with the hand [verb (transitive)] > to restore warmth or sensation chafec1440 massage1966 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > warm a person or the body > by rubbing chafec1440 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 68 Chafyn or rubbyn, frico. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Cvij^v Wax chaufed with the hande, is made softer. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxiv. 121 The vse of chafing, and rubbing the body. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 282 He took his Arms..and chaffed and rubbed them with his Hands. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur in Poems (new ed.) II. 13 She..laid his head upon her lap,..and chafed his hands. 1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 290 They..bore her home, and chafed her tender limbs. absolute.1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. ii. v. 188 She fell to chafing more violently. View more context for this quotation1879 R. Browning Ivan Ivanovitch in Idyls I. 54 Chafe away, keep chafing, for she moans: She's coming to! 4. a. To rub so as to abrade or injure the surface; to fret, gall. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > chafe or excoriate flayc1250 to-shell1377 gallc1440 excoriate1497 chafe1526 to pare to (also beyond, etc.) the quick1538 spur-galla1555 gald1555 raw1593 begall1597 rub1618 rind1893 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] gnidec1000 frot?c1225 gnoddec1230 rudc1300 ruba1325 wipe1362 freta1400 labour?a1475 wrive1481 scrud1483 chafe1526 friga1529 fricace1579 perfricate1598 affricate1656 fricate1716 frictionize1853 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. UUUv All his ioyntes were..losed..his body so chafed. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Ciii^v Wyth theyr [sc. ants'] trauayle chafed is eche pathe. 1602 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 136 Wiche old book was frett and chafed. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Seamen say..The Cable is chafed in the Hawse, when it is fretted or begun to be worn out there. 1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 15 The flap of your saddle..chafing you between the confines of the boots and breeches. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxvi. 264 All the boats were badly chafed. 1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 92 How easily its tender skin gets chafed. b. With some mixture of sense 10 (to rage, fume). ΚΠ 1813 W. Scott Rokeby ii. vii. 64 He..May view [the torrent] chafe her waves to spray, O'er every rock. 5. figurative. To heat or ruffle in temper; to vex, irritate. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] gremec893 grillc897 teenOE mispay?c1225 agrillec1275 oftenec1275 tarya1300 tarc1300 atenec1320 enchafec1374 to-tarc1384 stingc1386 chafe?a1400 pokec1400 irec1420 ertc1440 rehete1447 nettlec1450 bog1546 tickle1548 touch1581 urge1593 aggravate1598 irritate1598 dishumour1600 to wind up1602 to pick at ——1603 outhumour1607 vex1625 bloody1633 efferate1653 rankle1659 spleen1689 splenetize1700 rile1724 roil1742 to put out1796 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 roughen1837 acerbate1845 to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846 nag1849 to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859 frump1862 rattle1865 to set up any one's bristles1873 urticate1873 needle1874 draw1876 to rough up1877 to stick pins into1879 to get on ——1880 to make (someone) tiredc1883 razoo1890 to get under a person's skin1896 to get a person's goat1905 to be on at1907 to get a person's nanny1909 cag1919 to get a person's nanny-goat1928 cagmag1932 peeve1934 tick-off1934 to get on a person's tits1945 to piss off1946 bug1947 to get up a person's nose1951 tee1955 bum1970 tick1975 ?a1400 Arthur 95 Arthour was chafed & wexed wrothe. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiv. 75 To theym that be fyrst chaffed and angry. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 97 Whan the see was well chaffed and..ayenst them sore moeued. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Sam. xvii. 8. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 236 I chafe you if I tarrie. Let me go. View more context for this quotation 1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth i. 89 Being frustrate of his hope, and sore chafed in minde. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake Concl. 327 The youth was chafed, and with disdain Refused to touch his harp again. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lix. 130 To chafe and vex me is a part of her nature. †6. a. To scold. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > scold chidec1230 ban1340 tongue1388 rate1393 flite14.. rehetec1400 janglec1430 chafec1485 rattle1542 berate1548 quarrel1587 hazen?1608 bequarrel1624 huff1674 shrewa1687 to claw away, off1692 tongue-pad1707 to blow up1710 scold1718 rag1739 redd1776 bullyraga1790 jaw1810 targe1825 haze1829 overhaul1840 tongue-walk1841 trim1882 to call down1883 tongue-lash1887 roar1917 to go off at (a person)1941 chew1948 wrinch2009 c1485 Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 11 For his hyre he doth me chawfe. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 7th Serm. sig. Ccv^v We wyll crye out vpon theym, vpbrayde them, chyde, braule, fume, chaufe, & backebight them. 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iii. vi. 104 The Parret..being beaten and chaffed, returneth to its owne naturall voice. c1677 Temple in Courtenay Mem. (1836) I. 499 The King..chafing us for spending him so much money, and doing nothing. b. slang. (See quot.; an ironical use of 1 or 3 or other preceding sense: cf. anoint v. 6.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat > soundly or severely anointa1500 peppera1550 bumbastea1566 dust1612 blue-beata1627 cullis1639 chafe1673 to tan (a person's) hide1679 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 36 Chaft, beaten or bang'd. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Chaft, well beaten or bang'd. II. Intransitive senses. †7. To become warm or hot. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > become hot heata700 chafe1393 heatenc1540 to hot up1897 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xviii. 49 Then grace sholde growe..And charite, þat child is now sholde chaufen of him-self. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 283 The day be-gan to chauffe, and the sonne was risen right high. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ciii. [xcix.] 301 The dayes chafed meruaylously, for it was aboute mydsomer. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 407 He so chaufeth and moyleth in sturryng the coales. †8. ? To spoil by heating, to undergo decomposition (? by heating or rubbing). Obsolete. ΚΠ ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2301 They bussche[d] and bawmede þaire honourliche kynges, Sewed theme in sendelle sexti faulde aftire, Lappede them in lede, lesse that they schulde Chawnge or chawffe. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1634) i. xcv. 169 Then laid them in chests of lead, because they should not chafe nor savour. 9. To rub; to press or strike with friction (on, upon, against). (Often with mixture of other notions: cf. 10c.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (intransitive)] rubc1400 streak1607 chafe1608 fret1654 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 21 The murmuring surge That on the vnnumbred idle peeble chaffes . View more context for this quotation 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) Seamen say, a Rope chafes, when it galls or frets, by rubbing against any rough and hard thing. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. xii. 17 Is it the roar of Teviot's tide, That chafes against the scaur's red side? 1855 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea xiv. §599 If the currents chafe upon it. 1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life xiii. 178 As a caged bear chafes..against the walls of his cell. 10. a. figurative. To wax warm (in temper); to be angry, to rage; now usually, to display irritation of temper and impatience of restraint or obstacles, by fuming, fretting, and worrying oneself or others. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > be or become irritated [verb (intransitive)] enchafec1380 fume and chafec1522 chafe1525 to fret and fume1551 rankle1582 to lose patience, one's temper1622 pique1664 to have no patience with1682 ruffle1719 to be out of the way (with)1740 echinate1792 nettle1810 to get one's dander up1831 to set up one's jay-feathers1880 hackle1935 to get off one's bike1939 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cxxiii. [cxix.] 348 If ye fynde hym harde and highe of wordes, chafe not with hym, treate hym swetely. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 32 The man began to fume and chaafe. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 26 b Though you..chaufe and fume never so much agaynst him. 1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple liii Calmnesse is great advantage: he that lets Another chafe, may warm him at his fire: Mark all his wandrings, and enjoy his frets. 1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. viii. 29 I never chaff, but take the good and the bad as they fall in my road. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. i. 172 Let the loser chafe. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 78 The wilder adventurers..had chafed at his advice. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico III. vii. i. 246 While the exasperated prelate was chafing under this affront. 1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. Chaff, to chafe or chaffer, to quarrel. ‘They chaff'd at teean t'other varry sairly.’ 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xv. 246 The aristocratic party could but chafe in impotent rage. b. with complement. ΚΠ ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 120 He had an occasion greatly to chafe or frette the hart owt of his bellye. c. Of the sea, etc.: To fret, rage, or fume. (Sometimes with a tinge of sense 9.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] wedec900 wrakec1330 ragea1475 tempest1477 rave1559 ruffle1579 violent1609 chafea1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. iii. 86 I would you did but see how it chafes, how it rages, how it takes vp the shore. View more context for this quotation 1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Flood of Thessaly i. 477 The great sea chafes And the wild horses of the Atlantic shake Their sounding manes. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. liv. 35 Their conflicting waters roared and chafed in eddies and waves. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxiii. 302 Chafing like an angry sea, the crowd pressed after them. Draft additions June 2007 intransitive. figurative. Chiefly North American. to chafe at the bit: to be restlessly impatient or over-eager in the face of a delay or constraint; = to champ at (also on) the bit at champ v. Additions. Cf. sense 10a. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > impatience > be impatient [verb (intransitive)] to think longc1300 one's fingers are all thumbs1546 bate1599 to sit upon hot cockles1607 to be upon the nettle (also in a nettle)1723 to champ at (also on) the bit1832 to chafe at the bit1873 1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 4 Jan. 198/3 The editor..must keep his opinions to himself or suffer the consequences. If he chafes at the bit, and rashly ventilates his thoughts, his paper is suppressed. 1894 Atlanta Constit. 23 Jan. 1/6 The champion..is eager for the fight to come. He is, as it were, chafing at the bit. 1933 H. Miller Let. 20 Apr. in A. Nin & H. Miller Literate Passion (1989) 148 So don't get the idea that I am chafing at the bit. 1941 Times 17 Oct. 5/2 The militarists were chafing at the bit. 1990 N.Y. Woman June–July 87/2 When I wasn't working I did feel cheated... I was chafing at the bit to be out there and doing it. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1551v.a1382
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chafen.

Compounds

chafev.

Draft additions June 2007