changern.

Brit.

/ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃeɪndʒər/

Forms: Middle English changeur, Middle English chaungeour, Middle English chaungeoure, Middle English chaungere, Middle English chaungour, Middle English chawniore, Middle English (1500s Scottish) changeour, Middle English–1600s chaunger, Middle English– changer; also Scottish pre-1700 chainger, pre-1700 changear, pre-1700 chenger.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French changeur ; change v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman changeour, chaungeour, chaungeur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French changeur (compare Old French changeor ; French changeur ) person who changes money from one form to another (beginning of the 13th cent. as cangeeur ; late 12th cent. in sense ‘person who engages in barter’; < changer change v. + -eur -eur suffix), and partly (ii) < change v. + -er suffix¹. Compare exchanger n.Compare Old Occitan cambiador, Spanish cambiador (early 13th cent.), Portuguese cambiador (late 13th cent.), Italian cambiatore (beginning of the 13th cent.). Also attested early as a surname (e.g. Roger Chaunger (1325), Johannes Chaungoure (1346)), although it is unclear whether these should be taken as reflecting currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word.

1. Originally: a person who changes money from one form to another, esp. from one currency to another; a money changer. Now chiefly: A machine which changes money into coins of lower denomination.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > money-changing > money changer

mintereOE

money-maker1297

changera1325

collybistc1380

moneyera1400

money changerc1400

nummularianc1429

wisseler1481

argenter1483

banker1484

exchanger1539

tablera1557

saraf1598

shroff1618

coin-courser1652

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxiii. 84 Þat is to wite, of þeftes, mansleȝttes, roberies, rauines, falsares þe kinges moneie, clippares, false chaungeres, rauissurs of wemmen, of vindinge of tresor.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxi. 12 He turnyde vpsadoun the bordis and [read of] chaungeris [L. nummulariorum].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14732 Ihesus..þe chaungeours [Vesp. moneurs, Fairf. moneyers] for þat gilt Her bordes ouer kest.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 107 Y^e changeurs, And they that lene money.

1539 Introd. lerne for to recken with Pen sig. i.viii^v A Marchaunt..goth vnto a chaunger & sayth, I haue 100 francz in pyeces of golde I wolde haue the money therof in small pyeces.

1611 Bible (King James) John ii. 14 Found in the Temple..the changers of money.

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. i. xii. 50 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) They who get the Pieces, are not so curious to keep them, but carry them to the Changer, who gives them the value in currant Money.

1724 Daily Courant 14 Oct. We see just now published the Valuation of the Tariff, which fixes the Price that the King will have paid at his Mints, and by the Changers.

1855 J. H. Ingraham Prince of House of David xvii. 185 The Prophet Jesus having entered into the Temple..found all the courts filled with..changers of money.

1896 R. Van der Borght in Hist. Banking IV. 197 Inconveniences resulting from the confusion of coin were all the more felt, and changers and cashiers for this reason were of great importance.

1931 P. S. Buck Good Earth xi. 107 He went to a rice shop near by where money is changed, and the changer gave him for the coin twenty-six pence.

2000 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 July i7 If you don't have enough coins, you're out of luck. There's no dollar-bill changer, and no one in the building will make change for you.

2. A person who or thing personified which causes or brings about change; (occasionally) spec. a reformer; an advocate of religious or political reform. Occasionally also: a person who undergoes change.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > [noun] > one who or that which causes change

changera1398

mutator1632

innovator1638

alterator1662

turnabouta1670

alterant1750

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xvii. 489 Þe mone is..chaungere of þe eyre.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) v. l. 1050 (MED) Deeth is a changeour; fro this lyf present To beter he leedeth us.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Giv Though chaunge be no robbry..Yet shall that chaunge rob the changer of his wyt.

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lxj, in Bulwarke of Defence Money is a meruelous instrument, a chaunger, a transformer, or a bewitcher of mankind.

1600 R. S. tr. P. de Mornay Fowre Bks. i. x. 80 He was a great changer and alterer of religion in his time.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV ii. iv. 264 The same thing cannot be the changer and changed.

1764 Public Advertiser 19 Oct. Have they..been the Changers of what was bad, into better or worse?

1780 E. Capell Notes & Var. Readings Shakespeare II. 63/1 The changers of ‘my’ to thy.

1854 W. Waterworth Orig. Anglicanism iii. 84 Reformers themselves, and changers in matters of religion.

1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 192 Christ, the changer of hearts.

1947 S. Sassoon Coll. Poems (1984) 249 O Time, you bringer of breath, you ever-unchanging changer!

1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 159 The changers displayed more of behavioral and psychological affinities toward the host society than the nonchangers.

2003 newWitch Spring 34/1 The hallmark of the Witch is to be the changer, the person who sees something wrong and tries to fix it.

†3. A person who varies or fluctuates in opinion, attitude, or mood; an inconstant or fickle person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > inconstant person or thing > inconstant person

starter1519

changeling1539

flirt1577

Protean1598

weathercock1598

changerc1600

mooncalf1607

minute jacka1616

a nose of wax1821

sugar stick1825

wax-nosea1843

in-and-outer1905

brainstormer1907

c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 135 To be thy Chiftanes changers ay thou chuisis.

1654 Vindiciæ Veritatis 75 The same men before (whereby you may perceive who did shew themselves shifters and changers) had in their Orations and Letters denied it to be just, or safe, for the King to be admitted to London.

1674 W. Annand Duorum Unitas 32 in Dualitas These Complainers were the greatest Changers, and Changelings in their Age..: Their change was from good to ill, from ill to worse.

†4. Scottish. A person who runs an inn or alehouse. Cf. change-house n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper

tappera1000

tapsterc1000

wifeOE

taverner1340

gannekerc1380

tippler1396

alewifec1400

vintnerc1430

alehouse-keeperc1440

ale-taker1454

innholder1463

cellarman1547

ale draper?1593

pint pot1598

ale-man1600

nick-pot1602

tavern-keeper1611

beer-monger1622

kaniker1630

ordinary keeper1644

padrone1670

tap-lash?1680

ale-dame1694

public house keeper1704

bar-keeper1712

publican1728

tavern-man1755

Boniface1795

knight of the spigot1821

licensed victualler1824

thermopolite1832

bar-keep1846

saloon-keeper1849

posadero1851

Wirt1858

bung1860

changer1876

patron1878

bar-tender1883

soda-jerker1883

bar steward1888

pub-keeper1913

1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 177 (note) In 1673 the Council of Paisley..ordain that changers selling drink to scholars shall pay £10.

5. Originally: a device on a record player which automatically replaces a record which has finished playing (cf. record changer n. at record n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2). Now chiefly: a device which holds several computer disks, CDs, etc., and is able to switch between them (cf. CD changer n. at CD n.¹ Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > auto-changer

record changer1921

autochanger1934

auto-change1941

changer1952

1952 C. G. Burke in I. Kolodin Sat. Rev. Home Bk. Recorded Music 170 The changer, an ingenious and usually efficient device originally developed to enable its owner to lounge in comfort during the playing of a dozen 78 rpm records.

1967 Times Rev. Industry June 48/1 This new machine was a considerable advance on the heavyweight changers which had ground and scraped their way through stacks of 78s for more than a decade.

1983 Pacific Stars & Stripes (Tokyo) 25 Nov. 15/2 The newest development in compact discs is the debut of changers.

2007 Vibe Oct. 68 Denon's top-of-the-line five-disc changer.., playing back CDs, CD-Rs, and CD-RWs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	changer
释义	changern. Brit. /ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒə/, U.S. /ˈtʃeɪndʒər/ Forms: Middle English changeur, Middle English chaungeour, Middle English chaungeoure, Middle English chaungere, Middle English chaungour, Middle English chawniore, Middle English (1500s Scottish) changeour, Middle English–1600s chaunger, Middle English– changer; also Scottish pre-1700 chainger, pre-1700 changear, pre-1700 chenger. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French changeur ; change v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman changeour, chaungeour, chaungeur, Anglo-Norman and Middle French changeur (compare Old French changeor ; French changeur ) person who changes money from one form to another (beginning of the 13th cent. as cangeeur ; late 12th cent. in sense ‘person who engages in barter’; < changer change v. + -eur -eur suffix), and partly (ii) < change v. + -er suffix¹. Compare exchanger n.Compare Old Occitan cambiador, Spanish cambiador (early 13th cent.), Portuguese cambiador (late 13th cent.), Italian cambiatore (beginning of the 13th cent.). Also attested early as a surname (e.g. Roger Chaunger (1325), Johannes Chaungoure (1346)), although it is unclear whether these should be taken as reflecting currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. 1. Originally: a person who changes money from one form to another, esp. from one currency to another; a money changer. Now chiefly: A machine which changes money into coins of lower denomination. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > money-changing > money changer mintereOE money-maker1297 changera1325 collybistc1380 moneyera1400 money changerc1400 nummularianc1429 wisseler1481 argenter1483 banker1484 exchanger1539 tablera1557 saraf1598 shroff1618 coin-courser1652 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxiii. 84 Þat is to wite, of þeftes, mansleȝttes, roberies, rauines, falsares þe kinges moneie, clippares, false chaungeres, rauissurs of wemmen, of vindinge of tresor. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxi. 12 He turnyde vpsadoun the bordis and [read of] chaungeris [L. nummulariorum]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14732 Ihesus..þe chaungeours [Vesp. moneurs, Fairf. moneyers] for þat gilt Her bordes ouer kest. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 107 Y^e changeurs, And they that lene money. 1539 Introd. lerne for to recken with Pen sig. i.viii^v A Marchaunt..goth vnto a chaunger & sayth, I haue 100 francz in pyeces of golde I wolde haue the money therof in small pyeces. 1611 Bible (King James) John ii. 14 Found in the Temple..the changers of money. View more context for this quotation 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. i. xii. 50 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) They who get the Pieces, are not so curious to keep them, but carry them to the Changer, who gives them the value in currant Money. 1724 Daily Courant 14 Oct. We see just now published the Valuation of the Tariff, which fixes the Price that the King will have paid at his Mints, and by the Changers. 1855 J. H. Ingraham Prince of House of David xvii. 185 The Prophet Jesus having entered into the Temple..found all the courts filled with..changers of money. 1896 R. Van der Borght in Hist. Banking IV. 197 Inconveniences resulting from the confusion of coin were all the more felt, and changers and cashiers for this reason were of great importance. 1931 P. S. Buck Good Earth xi. 107 He went to a rice shop near by where money is changed, and the changer gave him for the coin twenty-six pence. 2000 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 July i7 If you don't have enough coins, you're out of luck. There's no dollar-bill changer, and no one in the building will make change for you. 2. A person who or thing personified which causes or brings about change; (occasionally) spec. a reformer; an advocate of religious or political reform. Occasionally also: a person who undergoes change. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > [noun] > one who or that which causes change changera1398 mutator1632 innovator1638 alterator1662 turnabouta1670 alterant1750 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xvii. 489 Þe mone is..chaungere of þe eyre. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) (1893) v. l. 1050 (MED) Deeth is a changeour; fro this lyf present To beter he leedeth us. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iv. sig. Giv Though chaunge be no robbry..Yet shall that chaunge rob the changer of his wyt. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lxj, in Bulwarke of Defence Money is a meruelous instrument, a chaunger, a transformer, or a bewitcher of mankind. 1600 R. S. tr. P. de Mornay Fowre Bks. i. x. 80 He was a great changer and alterer of religion in his time. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV ii. iv. 264 The same thing cannot be the changer and changed. 1764 Public Advertiser 19 Oct. Have they..been the Changers of what was bad, into better or worse? 1780 E. Capell Notes & Var. Readings Shakespeare II. 63/1 The changers of ‘my’ to thy. 1854 W. Waterworth Orig. Anglicanism iii. 84 Reformers themselves, and changers in matters of religion. 1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 192 Christ, the changer of hearts. 1947 S. Sassoon Coll. Poems (1984) 249 O Time, you bringer of breath, you ever-unchanging changer! 1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 159 The changers displayed more of behavioral and psychological affinities toward the host society than the nonchangers. 2003 newWitch Spring 34/1 The hallmark of the Witch is to be the changer, the person who sees something wrong and tries to fix it. †3. A person who varies or fluctuates in opinion, attitude, or mood; an inconstant or fickle person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > inconstant person or thing > inconstant person starter1519 changeling1539 flirt1577 Protean1598 weathercock1598 changerc1600 mooncalf1607 minute jacka1616 a nose of wax1821 sugar stick1825 wax-nosea1843 in-and-outer1905 brainstormer1907 c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 135 To be thy Chiftanes changers ay thou chuisis. 1654 Vindiciæ Veritatis 75 The same men before (whereby you may perceive who did shew themselves shifters and changers) had in their Orations and Letters denied it to be just, or safe, for the King to be admitted to London. 1674 W. Annand Duorum Unitas 32 in Dualitas These Complainers were the greatest Changers, and Changelings in their Age..: Their change was from good to ill, from ill to worse. †4. Scottish. A person who runs an inn or alehouse. Cf. change-house n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper tappera1000 tapsterc1000 wifeOE taverner1340 gannekerc1380 tippler1396 alewifec1400 vintnerc1430 alehouse-keeperc1440 ale-taker1454 innholder1463 cellarman1547 ale draper?1593 pint pot1598 ale-man1600 nick-pot1602 tavern-keeper1611 beer-monger1622 kaniker1630 ordinary keeper1644 padrone1670 tap-lash?1680 ale-dame1694 public house keeper1704 bar-keeper1712 publican1728 tavern-man1755 Boniface1795 knight of the spigot1821 licensed victualler1824 thermopolite1832 bar-keep1846 saloon-keeper1849 posadero1851 Wirt1858 bung1860 changer1876 patron1878 bar-tender1883 soda-jerker1883 bar steward1888 pub-keeper1913 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 177 (note) In 1673 the Council of Paisley..ordain that changers selling drink to scholars shall pay £10. 5. Originally: a device on a record player which automatically replaces a record which has finished playing (cf. record changer n. at record n.¹ and adj. Compounds 2). Now chiefly: a device which holds several computer disks, CDs, etc., and is able to switch between them (cf. CD changer n. at CD n.¹ Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > auto-changer record changer1921 autochanger1934 auto-change1941 changer1952 1952 C. G. Burke in I. Kolodin Sat. Rev. Home Bk. Recorded Music 170 The changer, an ingenious and usually efficient device originally developed to enable its owner to lounge in comfort during the playing of a dozen 78 rpm records. 1967 Times Rev. Industry June 48/1 This new machine was a considerable advance on the heavyweight changers which had ground and scraped their way through stacks of 78s for more than a decade. 1983 Pacific Stars & Stripes (Tokyo) 25 Nov. 15/2 The newest development in compact discs is the debut of changers. 2007 Vibe Oct. 68 Denon's top-of-the-line five-disc changer.., playing back CDs, CD-Rs, and CD-RWs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325
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