adversarialadj.

Brit.

/ˌadvəˈsɛːrɪəl/, U.S.

/ˌædvərˈsɛriəl/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: adversary n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < adversary n. + -al suffix¹; compare -ial suffix. Compare earlier adversary adj.

1. Of, relating to, or characterized by conflict, hostility, or opposition; involving adversaries or opposing parties. Cf. adversary adj.rare before second half of the 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective]

witherwardc888

unholdc900

fremda1000

foeOE

hatelyOE

onwardOE

fiendlyc1050

witherc1175

unbaina1300

quedec1300

wrong1340

aliena1382

enemiablea1382

enemyfula1382

enemyc1384

ingrate1393

unfriendly1425

undisposed1456

oppugnanta1513

infest1513

enemious?1529

cold1557

enemylike1561

enemyly1573

ingratefulc1575

opposed1584

misliking1586

infestuous1593

infensive1596

infestious1597

affrontous1598

foe-hearted1598

ill-affecteda1599

inimicous1598

friendless?1611

haggardly1635

infensea1641

inimicitious1641

inimicitial1656

inimical1678

inamicable1683

indisposed1702

uneasy1725

hostile1791

adversarial1839

chilly1841

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [adjective] > characterized by

unpeaceablec1384

contentiousc1430

battlefulc1449

sturtful1568

bateful1582

wrestlinga1593

militant1603

concertative1727

adversarial1839

adversative1849

conflictual1961

fuck you1962

confrontational1975

1839 Charter 8 Sept. 523/3 The Judges resolved that they had no power to determine..the privileges of the High Court of Parliament. Pritchard's case..was not an adversarial conflict.

1870 H. W. Beecher Plymouth Pulpit 18 June 240 The attempt to maintain a spiritual life in this world is an attempt against great adversarial powers.

1977 N.Y. Times 23 July 18 Neighbor distrusts neighbor... Social relations are becoming adversarial.

1983 Financial Times 25 Oct. 16/8 A radical change in the old adversarial relationship between the steel barons and the Administration.

1991 Parl. Hist. 10 227 The two-party, adversarial nature of national politics.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Aug. 4/1 Ernst sees the media, with its addiction to sound bites and adversarial confrontations, as being largely to blame for such distortions.

2. Law (originally U.S.). Of, relating to, or designating a trial or legal procedure in which two parties engaged in dispute have the responsibility for finding and presenting evidence. Sometimes contrasted with accusatorial or inquisitorial.See also adversarial system n. at Compounds, and cf. earlier adversary adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [adjective] > methods of proceeding

summar1555

plenary1726

summary jurisdictiona1754

accusatory1770

adversary1785

accusatorial1823

inquisitorial1823

ore tenus1831

adversarial1914

1914 A. Albrecht tr. J. Kohler Philos. Law 260 Adversarial procedure and inquisitorial procedure..are two further poles in the treatment of this subject.

1920 Virginia Law Rev. 8 351 A lawsuit is necessarily adversarial.

1955 Columbia Law Rev. 55 116 Family breakdown..should ordinarily not be dealt with as adversarial proceedings.

1972 All Eng. Law Rep. 1 185 There are no ‘issues’ in the sense in which that term is used in relation to adversarial litigation in courts of law.

1992 Economist 15 Feb. 12/2 To recommend that Britain stick with its adversarial method of trial rather than switching to the inquisitorial sort.

2002 N.Y. Times 5 May iv. 4/4 I really hope they've got some evidence... Otherwise it's a very dangerous precedent for the adversarial process.

Compounds

adversarial system n. (a) Law a system of criminal justice in which opposing cases for prosecution and defence are presented to a judge or jury who determines a verdict; (b) Politics a parliamentary system in which the governing party and an officially recognized opposition tend to persist in a state of institutionalized conflict.The adversarial system of criminal law is principally found in the United Kingdom, the United States, and former colonies or dependencies of either, and is often contrasted with the inquisitorial system (originating in continental Europe) in which the delegates of a court conduct their own investigation: see inquisitorial adj. 3.

ΚΠ

1953 Chicago Bar Rec. Nov. 54/2 This strategy is equally effective when instituted by a prosecutor. That is an ever-present feature of the adversarial system of jury trials.

1979 H. M. Drucker Multi-party Brit. 17 Many of the once salient features of the two-party adversarial system are no longer evident.

1991 K. Maguire Politics in S. Afr. v. 129 If the whites were to concede the principle of majority rule, did that mean in an adversarial system such as the British parliament?

2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 16 Sept. 1 I think our adversarial system leads to situations where the trial process can almost descend into farce sometimes.

Derivatives

adverˈsarially adv.

ΚΠ

1942 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 5 June 4/2 It is not the simple, however, who are adversarially vis-a-vis [i.e. opposed to] the benevolent wise, but the evil wise.

1967 Jrnl. Confl. Resol. 11 59/1 His victories over adversarially-oriented defense attorneys.

1978 N.Y. Suppl. 398 102/2 If the facts are susceptible to diverse interpretation however, it is not irrational to allow those facts to be contested and established adversarially in subsequent proceedings.

2009 P. Blaney in P. Blaney & T. Millon Oxf. Textbk. Psychopathol. xiv. 375/2 In potentially antagonistic situations, those who behave adversarially are likely to assume others are also behaving adversarially.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adversarial
释义	adversarialadj. Brit. /ˌadvəˈsɛːrɪəl/, U.S. /ˌædvərˈsɛriəl/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: adversary n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: < adversary n. + -al suffix¹; compare -ial suffix. Compare earlier adversary adj. 1. Of, relating to, or characterized by conflict, hostility, or opposition; involving adversaries or opposing parties. Cf. adversary adj.rare before second half of the 20th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [adjective] witherwardc888 unholdc900 fremda1000 foeOE hatelyOE onwardOE fiendlyc1050 witherc1175 unbaina1300 quedec1300 wrong1340 aliena1382 enemiablea1382 enemyfula1382 enemyc1384 ingrate1393 unfriendly1425 undisposed1456 oppugnanta1513 infest1513 enemious?1529 cold1557 enemylike1561 enemyly1573 ingratefulc1575 opposed1584 misliking1586 infestuous1593 infensive1596 infestious1597 affrontous1598 foe-hearted1598 ill-affecteda1599 inimicous1598 friendless?1611 haggardly1635 infensea1641 inimicitious1641 inimicitial1656 inimical1678 inamicable1683 indisposed1702 uneasy1725 hostile1791 adversarial1839 chilly1841 society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [adjective] > characterized by unpeaceablec1384 contentiousc1430 battlefulc1449 sturtful1568 bateful1582 wrestlinga1593 militant1603 concertative1727 adversarial1839 adversative1849 conflictual1961 fuck you1962 confrontational1975 1839 Charter 8 Sept. 523/3 The Judges resolved that they had no power to determine..the privileges of the High Court of Parliament. Pritchard's case..was not an adversarial conflict. 1870 H. W. Beecher Plymouth Pulpit 18 June 240 The attempt to maintain a spiritual life in this world is an attempt against great adversarial powers. 1977 N.Y. Times 23 July 18 Neighbor distrusts neighbor... Social relations are becoming adversarial. 1983 Financial Times 25 Oct. 16/8 A radical change in the old adversarial relationship between the steel barons and the Administration. 1991 Parl. Hist. 10 227 The two-party, adversarial nature of national politics. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Aug. 4/1 Ernst sees the media, with its addiction to sound bites and adversarial confrontations, as being largely to blame for such distortions. 2. Law (originally U.S.). Of, relating to, or designating a trial or legal procedure in which two parties engaged in dispute have the responsibility for finding and presenting evidence. Sometimes contrasted with accusatorial or inquisitorial.See also adversarial system n. at Compounds, and cf. earlier adversary adj. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [adjective] > methods of proceeding summar1555 plenary1726 summary jurisdictiona1754 accusatory1770 adversary1785 accusatorial1823 inquisitorial1823 ore tenus1831 adversarial1914 1914 A. Albrecht tr. J. Kohler Philos. Law 260 Adversarial procedure and inquisitorial procedure..are two further poles in the treatment of this subject. 1920 Virginia Law Rev. 8 351 A lawsuit is necessarily adversarial. 1955 Columbia Law Rev. 55 116 Family breakdown..should ordinarily not be dealt with as adversarial proceedings. 1972 All Eng. Law Rep. 1 185 There are no ‘issues’ in the sense in which that term is used in relation to adversarial litigation in courts of law. 1992 Economist 15 Feb. 12/2 To recommend that Britain stick with its adversarial method of trial rather than switching to the inquisitorial sort. 2002 N.Y. Times 5 May iv. 4/4 I really hope they've got some evidence... Otherwise it's a very dangerous precedent for the adversarial process. Compounds adversarial system n. (a) Law a system of criminal justice in which opposing cases for prosecution and defence are presented to a judge or jury who determines a verdict; (b) Politics a parliamentary system in which the governing party and an officially recognized opposition tend to persist in a state of institutionalized conflict.The adversarial system of criminal law is principally found in the United Kingdom, the United States, and former colonies or dependencies of either, and is often contrasted with the inquisitorial system (originating in continental Europe) in which the delegates of a court conduct their own investigation: see inquisitorial adj. 3. ΚΠ 1953 Chicago Bar Rec. Nov. 54/2 This strategy is equally effective when instituted by a prosecutor. That is an ever-present feature of the adversarial system of jury trials. 1979 H. M. Drucker Multi-party Brit. 17 Many of the once salient features of the two-party adversarial system are no longer evident. 1991 K. Maguire Politics in S. Afr. v. 129 If the whites were to concede the principle of majority rule, did that mean in an adversarial system such as the British parliament? 2006 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 16 Sept. 1 I think our adversarial system leads to situations where the trial process can almost descend into farce sometimes. Derivatives adverˈsarially adv. ΚΠ 1942 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 5 June 4/2 It is not the simple, however, who are adversarially vis-a-vis [i.e. opposed to] the benevolent wise, but the evil wise. 1967 Jrnl. Confl. Resol. 11 59/1 His victories over adversarially-oriented defense attorneys. 1978 N.Y. Suppl. 398 102/2 If the facts are susceptible to diverse interpretation however, it is not irrational to allow those facts to be contested and established adversarially in subsequent proceedings. 2009 P. Blaney in P. Blaney & T. Millon Oxf. Textbk. Psychopathol. xiv. 375/2 In potentially antagonistic situations, those who behave adversarially are likely to assume others are also behaving adversarially. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1839
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