certainlyadv.

Brit.

/ˈsəːt(ᵻ)nli/, U.S.

/ˈsərtnli/

Etymology: < certain adj. + -ly suffix².

a. In a manner that is certain; in a way that may be surely depended on; with certainty.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 16232 [G]ode men quat es þan ȝur dome, sais me sertainli [Vesp. certanli].

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxiv. viii Nor yet the handes fele nothyng certaynly.

1649 A. Ascham Bounds Publique Obed. 17 Those things are certainlyer knowne to us.

1793 F. Wollaston in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 150 This was made more certainly steady.

1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 37 I can not ascertain very certainly.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 44 The earliest tin coinage of which any thing is certainly known.

b. With certainty as to quality, amount, etc.; definitely, precisely, exactly. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adverb] > definitely or determinately

certainlyc1460

determinably1487

determinatelya1535

punctually1570

signanter1579

definitely1581

articulately1649

signantly1656

sharply1817

strictly1938

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 44 The Kyngs Werks [fortifications], of which the yerely Expensis may not certeynly be estemyd.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xvi. 110 To take sufficient Suertie, in a summe certainelye prescribed.

1629 Vse of Law 15 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Except the punishment be certainely appointed..by speciall Statutes.

a. Without fail, unfailingly, infallibly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > absolute certainty > [adverb]

withouten wantrukea1225

without missa1275

dreadlessc1369

doubtlessc1386

certainlya1400

sadly?a1425

questionlessc1425

undoubtablyc1425

doubtlesslyc1440

unsoilablyc1445

undoubtablec1450

undoubteda1500

undoubtedly?a1500

infallibly1502

indefeasibly1540

undubitately1548

indubitatelya1552

undoubting1552

undoubtingly1552

indoubtedly1563

indoubtly1606

unquestionably1611

questionlessly1612

indubitably1624

undoubtfully1628

uncontrollably1629

irrefragably1635

ungainsayably1637

inquestionablya1641

indubiously1642

unquestionedly1644

incontrollably1646

incontrovertibly1646

indisputably1646

acknowledgedly?1649

inexpugnably1653

uncontrovertablya1658

undubitably1660

inconfutably1664

uncontrollably1676

irrefutably1681

uncontestedly1699

undisputably1707

uncontestably1709

incontestablya1711

uncontrovertibly1755

undisputedly1778

(and) no mistake1818

unchallengeably1827

without resort1827

undeniedly1837

unappealably1840

indubitativelya1853

irrecusably1862

uncontradictably1862

inescapably1881

unarguably1888

sho1893

sure1894

posilutely1914

hands down1936

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9270 ‘Iesse’, he said, ‘of his rotyng Certaynly a wand suld spring.’

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) i. 2 If thou do not, certenly thy ymage shalle be smytene, and thou bothe.

1607 S. Hieron Back-parts of Iehouah in Wks. (1620) I. 189 The Lord will..certenly recompence them their sinne into their bosome.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 155. ⁋5 Merchants..who call in as certainly as they go to 'Change.

1838 R. Southey March to Moscow in Poet. Wks. VI. 218 Morbleu! Parbleu! And he'll certainly march to Moscow!

b. Fixedly, so as not to be altered.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [adverb]

groundlya1225

hardlyc1225

steevely1340

immovably1435

fixedly1605

certainlya1616

inveterately1645

incontrollably1646

rockily1846

chronically1854

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. i. 37 Therefore are we certainly resolu'd, To draw conditions of a friendly peace.

1704 N. Rowe Ulysses v. i. 2041 'Tis certainly decreed, Fix'd as that Law by which Imperial Jove Ordains..to Good or Evil.

3. With subjective certitude, with assurance, surely.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [adverb]

trulyOE

boldlyc1175

sickerlyc1275

tristly1340

redelya1375

redilya1375

surelyc1380

tristilyc1380

certainc1384

faithfullyc1384

trustilyc1390

certainlya1400

trustlya1400

undoubtinglyc1400

absolutely?a1425

positivelyc1443

assuredly1508

traist1508

traistfully1508

crousea1525

constantlya1538

resolutely1540

suredly1551

trestly1568

cocksure1579

resolvedly1610

assurantly1619

emphatically1629

decretorily1660

convincedly1812

unmisgivingly1842

solid1937

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5834 And certainli, þou vnderstand, Al that þou draus vte o þat flod, It sal be turnd al in-to blod.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xii. l. 484 How knowest thou this so Certeinly?

1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 10 What he Commands he accepts most certainly.

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 364 There is nothing that we know more certainly in this world, than that we know nothing certainly of the other, but what we are taught by God himself.

1889 N.E.D. at Certainly Mod. You ought not to speak so certainly about it.

4. Parenthetically, or as an assurance or admission of the truth of an assertion as a whole: Without doubt; in truth and fact; of a certainty; assuredly, undoubtedly, unquestionably. Certainly there are drawbacks = we may say certainly that, (or, it is certain that) there are drawbacks. Sometimes it expresses an admission of an opponent's contention, to be followed by ‘but’, etc. Often it conveys a strong assent or affirmative reply, as in ‘You were present?’ ‘Certainly.’ ‘Can you recommend him?’ ‘Certainly.’

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed

soothlyc825

forsoothc888

wiselyc888

sooth to sayOE

i-wislichec1000

to (‥) soothOE

iwis?c1160

certesa1250

without missa1275

i-witterlic1275

trulyc1275

aplight1297

certc1300

in (good) fayc1300

verily1303

certain1330

in truthc1330

to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330

certainlya1375

faithlya1375

in faitha1375

surelya1375

in sooth1390

in trothc1390

in good faitha1393

to witc1400

faithfullyc1405

soothly to sayc1405

all righta1413

sad?a1425

in certc1440

wella1470

truec1480

to say (the) truth1484

of a truth1494

of (a) trotha1500

for a truth?1532

in (of) verity1533

of verityc1550

really1561

for, in, or into very?1565

indeed1583

really and truly1600

indeed and indeed1673

right enough1761

deed1816

just1838

of a verity1850

sho1893

though1905

verdad1928

sholy1929

ja-nee1937

only1975

deffo1996

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > [adverb]

i-wislichec1000

wislyc1000

yernec1000

wellOE

wisc1175

sickera1275

without missa1275

redlyc1275

certainlya1375

sadc1380

confirmedlyc1449

certaina1500

undeceitfully1571

notionless1607

ascertainably1863

absotively1914

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb]

iwis?c1160

sickerlyc1175

wisc1175

wislyc1200

i-witterlic1275

sickerc1275

certc1300

hardilyc1300

hardlya1325

certain1330

tristilya1350

certainlya1375

redelya1375

redilya1375

surelyc1380

hand in handa1382

righta1393

assuredlya1400

surea1400

naturallyc1425

in certc1440

ascertainly1477

soverly1513

perqueer1568

really1604

assurelya1626

just1687

pos1710

besure1743

verdad1928

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2653 But sertenli on boþe sides was slayn muche puple.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17495 Ȝa, sertainli, þat soth it es.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxi. l. 152 Ȝit was that Schipe..Anoured with diuers Iowellis Certeinle.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 115 Anthonio is certainly vndone.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 59 in Sylva Snow..certainly rots, and bursts your early-set Anemonies.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 405. ¶3 If the Gods were to talk with Men, they would certainly speak in Plato's Stile.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 91 Machiavel was certainly a great genius.

1781 Trial of Ld. G. Gordon 8 One of Lord George's Counsel applied to the Court..to permit the prisoner to sit down. Lord Mansfield answered, ‘Yes! Certainly’!

1801 J. Foster Let. 17 Feb. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) I. 129 I have certainly learnt much.

1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 16 We might certainly employ one substance as a medium of exchange.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	certainly
释义	certainlyadv. Brit. /ˈsəːt(ᵻ)nli/, U.S. /ˈsərtnli/ Etymology: < certain adj. + -ly suffix². 1. a. In a manner that is certain; in a way that may be surely depended on; with certainty. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 16232 [G]ode men quat es þan ȝur dome, sais me sertainli [Vesp. certanli]. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxiv. viii Nor yet the handes fele nothyng certaynly. 1649 A. Ascham Bounds Publique Obed. 17 Those things are certainlyer knowne to us. 1793 F. Wollaston in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 150 This was made more certainly steady. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 37 I can not ascertain very certainly. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 44 The earliest tin coinage of which any thing is certainly known. b. With certainty as to quality, amount, etc.; definitely, precisely, exactly. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adverb] > definitely or determinately certainlyc1460 determinably1487 determinatelya1535 punctually1570 signanter1579 definitely1581 articulately1649 signantly1656 sharply1817 strictly1938 c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 44 The Kyngs Werks [fortifications], of which the yerely Expensis may not certeynly be estemyd. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xvi. 110 To take sufficient Suertie, in a summe certainelye prescribed. 1629 Vse of Law 15 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Except the punishment be certainely appointed..by speciall Statutes. 2. a. Without fail, unfailingly, infallibly. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > absolute certainty > [adverb] withouten wantrukea1225 without missa1275 dreadlessc1369 doubtlessc1386 certainlya1400 sadly?a1425 questionlessc1425 undoubtablyc1425 doubtlesslyc1440 unsoilablyc1445 undoubtablec1450 undoubteda1500 undoubtedly?a1500 infallibly1502 indefeasibly1540 undubitately1548 indubitatelya1552 undoubting1552 undoubtingly1552 indoubtedly1563 indoubtly1606 unquestionably1611 questionlessly1612 indubitably1624 undoubtfully1628 uncontrollably1629 irrefragably1635 ungainsayably1637 inquestionablya1641 indubiously1642 unquestionedly1644 incontrollably1646 incontrovertibly1646 indisputably1646 acknowledgedly?1649 inexpugnably1653 uncontrovertablya1658 undubitably1660 inconfutably1664 uncontrollably1676 irrefutably1681 uncontestedly1699 undisputably1707 uncontestably1709 incontestablya1711 uncontrovertibly1755 undisputedly1778 (and) no mistake1818 unchallengeably1827 without resort1827 undeniedly1837 unappealably1840 indubitativelya1853 irrecusably1862 uncontradictably1862 inescapably1881 unarguably1888 sho1893 sure1894 posilutely1914 hands down1936 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9270 ‘Iesse’, he said, ‘of his rotyng Certaynly a wand suld spring.’ c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) i. 2 If thou do not, certenly thy ymage shalle be smytene, and thou bothe. 1607 S. Hieron Back-parts of Iehouah in Wks. (1620) I. 189 The Lord will..certenly recompence them their sinne into their bosome. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 155. ⁋5 Merchants..who call in as certainly as they go to 'Change. 1838 R. Southey March to Moscow in Poet. Wks. VI. 218 Morbleu! Parbleu! And he'll certainly march to Moscow! b. Fixedly, so as not to be altered. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > [adverb] groundlya1225 hardlyc1225 steevely1340 immovably1435 fixedly1605 certainlya1616 inveterately1645 incontrollably1646 rockily1846 chronically1854 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. i. 37 Therefore are we certainly resolu'd, To draw conditions of a friendly peace. View more context for this quotation 1704 N. Rowe Ulysses v. i. 2041 'Tis certainly decreed, Fix'd as that Law by which Imperial Jove Ordains..to Good or Evil. 3. With subjective certitude, with assurance, surely. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [adverb] trulyOE boldlyc1175 sickerlyc1275 tristly1340 redelya1375 redilya1375 surelyc1380 tristilyc1380 certainc1384 faithfullyc1384 trustilyc1390 certainlya1400 trustlya1400 undoubtinglyc1400 absolutely?a1425 positivelyc1443 assuredly1508 traist1508 traistfully1508 crousea1525 constantlya1538 resolutely1540 suredly1551 trestly1568 cocksure1579 resolvedly1610 assurantly1619 emphatically1629 decretorily1660 convincedly1812 unmisgivingly1842 solid1937 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5834 And certainli, þou vnderstand, Al that þou draus vte o þat flod, It sal be turnd al in-to blod. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xii. l. 484 How knowest thou this so Certeinly? 1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 10 What he Commands he accepts most certainly. c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 364 There is nothing that we know more certainly in this world, than that we know nothing certainly of the other, but what we are taught by God himself. 1889 N.E.D. at Certainly Mod. You ought not to speak so certainly about it. 4. Parenthetically, or as an assurance or admission of the truth of an assertion as a whole: Without doubt; in truth and fact; of a certainty; assuredly, undoubtedly, unquestionably. Certainly there are drawbacks = we may say certainly that, (or, it is certain that) there are drawbacks. Sometimes it expresses an admission of an opponent's contention, to be followed by ‘but’, etc. Often it conveys a strong assent or affirmative reply, as in ‘You were present?’ ‘Certainly.’ ‘Can you recommend him?’ ‘Certainly.’ ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > [adverb] > assuredly, indeed soothlyc825 forsoothc888 wiselyc888 sooth to sayOE i-wislichec1000 to (‥) soothOE iwis?c1160 certesa1250 without missa1275 i-witterlic1275 trulyc1275 aplight1297 certc1300 in (good) fayc1300 verily1303 certain1330 in truthc1330 to tell (also speak, say) the truthc1330 certainlya1375 faithlya1375 in faitha1375 surelya1375 in sooth1390 in trothc1390 in good faitha1393 to witc1400 faithfullyc1405 soothly to sayc1405 all righta1413 sad?a1425 in certc1440 wella1470 truec1480 to say (the) truth1484 of a truth1494 of (a) trotha1500 for a truth?1532 in (of) verity1533 of verityc1550 really1561 for, in, or into very?1565 indeed1583 really and truly1600 indeed and indeed1673 right enough1761 deed1816 just1838 of a verity1850 sho1893 though1905 verdad1928 sholy1929 ja-nee1937 only1975 deffo1996 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > [adverb] i-wislichec1000 wislyc1000 yernec1000 wellOE wisc1175 sickera1275 without missa1275 redlyc1275 certainlya1375 sadc1380 confirmedlyc1449 certaina1500 undeceitfully1571 notionless1607 ascertainably1863 absotively1914 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [adverb] iwis?c1160 sickerlyc1175 wisc1175 wislyc1200 i-witterlic1275 sickerc1275 certc1300 hardilyc1300 hardlya1325 certain1330 tristilya1350 certainlya1375 redelya1375 redilya1375 surelyc1380 hand in handa1382 righta1393 assuredlya1400 surea1400 naturallyc1425 in certc1440 ascertainly1477 soverly1513 perqueer1568 really1604 assurelya1626 just1687 pos1710 besure1743 verdad1928 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2653 But sertenli on boþe sides was slayn muche puple. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17495 Ȝa, sertainli, þat soth it es. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxi. l. 152 Ȝit was that Schipe..Anoured with diuers Iowellis Certeinle. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 115 Anthonio is certainly vndone. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 59 in Sylva Snow..certainly rots, and bursts your early-set Anemonies. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 405. ¶3 If the Gods were to talk with Men, they would certainly speak in Plato's Stile. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 91 Machiavel was certainly a great genius. 1781 Trial of Ld. G. Gordon 8 One of Lord George's Counsel applied to the Court..to permit the prisoner to sit down. Lord Mansfield answered, ‘Yes! Certainly’! 1801 J. Foster Let. 17 Feb. in Life & Corr. J. Foster (1846) I. 129 I have certainly learnt much. 1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 16 We might certainly employ one substance as a medium of exchange. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.a1375
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