| 释义 |
adventurern. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: adventure n., -er suffix1; adventure v., -er suffix1; French aventurier. Etymology: Partly < adventure n. + -er suffix1, partly < adventure v. + -er suffix1, and partly < Middle French aventurier, adventurier (French aventurier ) person who seeks or enjoys adventures (15th cent.), soldier of fortune, mercenary soldier (a1466; < aventure , adventure adventure n. + -ier -er suffix2). The French noun was also borrowed or adapted into other European languages; compare e.g. Spanish aventurero (a1425), Italian avventuriero (1575), early modern Dutch aventurier (1574; Dutch avonturier), Middle Low German āventǖrer, Middle High German (rare) āventiurære (German Abenteurer), Old Swedish ävintyrare (Swedish äventyrare).With the β. forms compare the α. forms at adventure n. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > speculation > speculator 1466 Rec. Mercers in W. Blades (1877) 148 (MED) A lettre shalbe made and sent to the said William by the Custoses and Adventerers. 1497 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1497 §10. m. 4 Marchauntes and adventurers, dwellyng and being free within the Citie of London. 1550 J. Coke sig. Li The ryght worshypful company of Marchauntes, Aduenturers, and the famous felyshyp of the estaple of Calais. 1609 Thorpe in C. M. Ingleby & L. T. Smith (1879) 86 To the onlie begetter of these insving sonnets, Mr. W. H., all Hapinesse wisheth..the well-wishing adventvror in setting forth. T.T. 1624 J. Smith iv. 166 Fewer Aduenturers here will aduenture any more. 1653 Ordinance 27 Sept. in J. P. Prendergast (1868) i. 69 Ordinance for the Satisfaction of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland, and the Arrears due to the Soldiery there. 1736 T. Carte II. 242 He was misled to think there were lands enough to reprize such of the Adventurers and Soldiers as were to be dispossessed. 1779 in R. T. Durrett (1893) 137 The new adventurers may be tempted to run too great risques in making new settlements. 1855 T. B. Macaulay IV. 135 Private adventurers had sometimes..fitted out ships for the Eastern seas. 1895 71 759 Wheal Grenville is a tin mine within the Stannaries of Cornwall, and is worked by a company of shareholders, or, as they are called in Cornwall, ‘adventurers’. 1919 4 207 The king granted to the Company of Royal Adventurers the exclusive trade to the western coast of Africa. 1994 Mar. 87/1 The Hudson's Bay Company, once the great ‘company of adventurers’ in search of fur profits, is now more readily associated with its real estate and retail activities. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > player of games of chance 1474 in (1790) *29 (MED) That no person..being within our sayd sonnes houshoulde, be customable swearer, brawler, backbyter, common hasorder, adventorer. 1695 T. Neale 1 Supposing such Allowance in the Lottery given, that every Adventurer shall be no Looser by it. 1748 G. G. Beekman Let. 29 Mar. in (1956) I. 45 I have always bin unfortunate and Lost by Every Lottery In which I have bin an adventurer. 1772 R. C. Nicholas Let. 4 Aug. in (1968) 262 Your old acquaintance Dr Sigueyra is very anxious to become an adventurer in the State Lottery. 1828 20 Feb. 1/3 The adventurer at Faro,..who..stakes, winnings, & all, upon a single card. 1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon xvii, in Sept. 358/1 I received visits from..several gambling adventurers at the watering-places. 1905 F. M. Crawford II. 245 The Venetian ridotti were frequented..by half the gamblers, adventurers, and blacklegs in Europe. 1990 A. Fabian (1999) iii. 119 A lottery's profits were its adventurers' losses. 3. the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [noun] > one who takes chances or risks the world > action or operation > undertaking > [noun] > one who > something difficult or dangerous the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > risk > action of taking risks > one who c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 2 Auentureris of the cristin faith. 1559 T. Cooper (rev. ed.) at Fortis Fortune foretherethe bolde aduenturers, nothyng venture, nothyng haue. 1667 J. Milton x. 440 Now expecting Each hour their great adventurer from the search Of Forrein Worlds. View more context for this quotation 1753 T. Smollett I. ii. 7 Let us now produce the particulars of our entertainment, and speedily conduct our adventurer through the stage of infancy. 1794 R. J. Sulivan II. xlv. 300 The first voyages into the Ægean, Euxine, and Mediterranean Seas, made by the various adventurers. 1832 L. M. Child 196 I could, if I chose, make known to hardy adventurers, who have risked life and limb to ascertain it, whether or not wild geese summer at the pole. 1855 T. B. Macaulay III. 506 A succession of Irish adventurers..attempted to earn the bribe. 1918 B. Tarkington xxxv. 502 He was an adventurer; if he had lived in the sixteenth century he would have sailed the unknown new seas. 1969 23 July 46/4 [He] has already bet that by 1987 commercial space tourism will be available to healthy adventurers who can afford it. 2005 13 Mar. (T: Style Mag.) 52 The blue-blood adventurer, Africologist, photographer, author and playboy..has led a wild life. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > mercenary society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > volunteer 1548 f. cii He gaue them a Pennon of sainct George and bad them adventure (of whiche they were called adventurers). 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus ii. xi. 244 Much lyke to our aduenturers, that serue withoute wages. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. 116 Generall Vere sent forth some of his Leapers or aduenturers to take some prisoner of the enemies Campe. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius 251 One of the famous Adventurers in the taking of Breda. 1736 R. Brookes tr. J.-B. Du Halde et al. I. 343 There appeared an Adventurer, called Lieou pang, who had been a private Soldier, and who now headed a Troop of Vagabonds. 1799 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley (1877) 146 In which province an adventurer had assembled a banditti. 1844 C. Thirlwall VIII. lxi. 78 Military adventurers ready to flock to any standard. 1896 D. B. Lucas vi. 113 Guerilleros and filibusters, and the like adventurers, who engage in private warfare and fight without a flag. 1989 R. L. O'Connell vii. 111 Irish and English adventurers, displaced French gendarmes, tough Castilian foot soldiers..would come from every corner of the Continent to joint the fighting. 2002 B. D. Metcalf & T. R. Metcalf ii. 49 Although Europeans often took service as adventurers with Indian states, they would never fight against their own countrymen. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > a charlatan, fraudster > [noun] society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > [noun] > self-interested person > specific 1648 Earl of Westmorland ii. 172 Riches and Honors that appear Rewards to the Adventurer, On Either tide of Court or Seas, Are not attain'd nor held with ease. 1664 B. Gerbier (new ed.) i. sig. f5v Since Courtaines, Bastions, and Contrescarps, are to be traced for old eyes, as well as for young adventurers. 1704 J. Swift (ed. 3) 34 To encourage all aspiring Adventurers. 1762 O. Goldsmith 50 Wherever people of fashion came, needy adventurers were generally found in waiting. 1859 E. Bennett 97 Beware of him I have named! He is a mere adventurer, seeking you for your wealth. 1879 J. A. Froude xv. 224 He saw adventurers pushing themselves into office. 1919 G. B. Shaw Heartbreak House ii, in 64 Every woman who hasn't any money is a matrimonial adventurer. 1972 F. Fitzgerald iii. 105 Still others were adventurers who joined the new administration in order to make their fortunes. 1998 M. Soames in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill (1999) 650 She thought him an adventurer, and disliked his brash charm. 1976 Sept. 5/1 (advt.) Dungeons & Dragons is an open-ended game which allows participants to assume such roles as wizards, heroes, elves and dwarves... Success will allow these adventurers to grow more powerful, but doom awaits at every turn. 1979 9 Feb. 38/4 The DM [= Dragon Master] also has a map that shows the route the adventurers must take to complete their quest. 1984 Dec. 77/4 If you're a ‘take it easy’ adventurer, the escape key will freeze the game. 1990 Apr. 65/1 Write with your problems, and any answers that may help fellow adventurers. 2001 (Nexis) 3 Mar. 14 Decapitation, severed limbs, guts and gore..it's all in a day's work for adventurers in one of the bloodiest computer games ever created. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.1466 |
