charcoaln.

Brit.

/ˈtʃɑːkəʊl/, U.S.

/ˈtʃɑrˌkoʊl/

Forms: Middle English–1600s charcole, Middle English charcolle, charkole, 1500s chark(e cole, ( colle, coole), cherke cole, charecole, 1600s charcoll, charcoale, charecoale, char-cole, charcoale, charr-coale, 1600s–1700s char-coal, 1600s– charcoal.

Etymology: The first element is of uncertain origin; from the earliest instances it appears to be char ; charke , cherke , found from beg. of 16th cent., being apparently due to metanalysis of the spoken word, and having no independent origin or meaning, though afterwards (in 17th cent.) used as an independent word. A current suggestion is that char- is an application of chare v.¹ or chare n.¹, as if turn-coal, i.e. wood turned or converted into coal; but for this no actual evidence has been found. The name ‘coal’ itself originally meant ‘charcoal’ (collier being a ‘charcoal-burner’), and no satisfactory explanation appears of the introduction of the name charcoal in the same sense, especially as there is no contemporary reference to ‘earth-coal’, ‘stone-coal’, ‘pit-coal’, or ‘sea-coal’ (as mineral coal was, for various reasons, called). See coal n.

a. The black porous pulverizable substance, consisting (when pure) wholly of carbon, obtained as the solid residue in the imperfect combustion of wood, bones, and other vegetable or animal matter. Hence specified as animal charcoal, wood charcoal; vegetable charcoal. †pit charcoal, coke (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > charcoal > [noun]

coalOE

charcoalc1400

lind-coal14..

black coal1525

small coal1591

beech-coal1607

sallow charcoal1615

brier-coal1626

wood-coal1653

withy-cole1657

chark1708

vegetable ethiops1752

biochar1995

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > coke

coke1669

cinder1703

pit charcoal1771

gleed1853

breeze1875

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 875 A cheyer by-fore þe chemne, þer charcole brenned.

c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxv A schimnay of charcole, to chaufen the knyȝte.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 69 Charcole [Pynson charkole], carbo.

1470–1 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 216 Ij skeppis carbonum vocatorum charcole.

1514 Acc. Churchw. St. Dunstan's Canterb. in Archæol. Cantiana XVII. 79 Item for ij quarters of charecole.

1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 4 §6 Working..of any..Stone, Sea cole, stone cole, Moore cole or cherke cole.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. x. 85 Victuall, and some Char-coale for a fire.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §775 Sea-coal last longer than Char-coal; and Char-coal of Roots, being coaled into great pieces, last longer than ordinary Char-coal.

1656 H. More Enthusiasmus Triumphatus 26 The fumes of Charcoale, that has often made men fall down dead.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vii. §5 A picture drawn in Charcoale.

1771 Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 214 The inside of all pieces of pit char~coal is full of cavities.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 755 Animal charcoal is a much more powerful discolouring principle than vegetable charcoal.

1863 H. W. Longfellow Musician's Tale ix. ix, in Tales Wayside Inn 109 A figure in shovel hat, Drawn in charcoal on the wall.

1865 W. S. Jevons Coal Quest. (ed. 2) 299 Until the middle of the last century, however, iron was always made with charcoal, and a woody country was necessarily its seat.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 764 Animal charcoal especially..has been much employed in the construction of filters.

†b. = carbon n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbon > [noun]

carbon1788

charcoal1800

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 57 Charcoal, the base of animal and vegetable matters, is widely diffused.

†c. ? = carbonate n.

ΚΠ

1790 Priestley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 107 I heated charcoal of copper in 41 ounce measures of dephlogisticated air.

d. = charcoal grey n. at Compounds 2. Also attributive. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey

parson grey1760

Oxford grey1822

anthracite1873

charcoal grey1907

shadow-grey1918

Oxford1926

charcoal1952

1952 Women's Wear Daily 16 Oct. 3 Charcoal is the choice for a gored skirt sundress with one of the new little triangle cover-tops.

1953 New Yorker 13 June 86/2 White cotton drill striped in pink, blue, or charcoal makes a cardigan jacket.

1955 Wall St. Jrnl. 25 Feb. 17/3 The charcoal trend in suits will extend to dark blues and greens next fall.

1958 M. Dickens Man Overboard i. 14 Ben was seeing himself in a narrow-trousered charcoal suit, entertaining Rose on an expense account.

†2. collective plural in sense of 1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxi. 135 Thre thousand sackes of charcolys made of wilowe tree.

1493 Festivall (1515) 25 A man that made charke coles in a wood.

1557 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 76 Item, for charke cooles.

?1592 J. Manwood Brefe Coll. Lawes Forest 74 Charecoales of Brouse wood.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 302 Craoidon..is very wel knowne..for Char-coles which the townesmen make good chaffer of.

1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 111 Those glowing Char-coals.

3. A charcoal pencil or crayon for drawing.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > charcoal

coal1675

painters' scribbet1675

charcoal1688

fusain1870

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 144/2 Charcoals are Sallow Wood, or Withy Burnt and split into the form of Pencils, and sharpened to a Point.

4. Short for ‘charcoal drawing’.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > in specific medium

coal work1651

crayon1662

pastel1791

pencilling1803

pen sketch1847

pen-picture1853

sanguine1854

pen and ink1860

black lead study1862

sepia1863

stylograph1866

charcoal1884

fusain1884

line drawing1891

celluloid1920

1884 American 8 59 A few good charcoals, but this last branch..seems to be sadly neglected by our own artists.

5. plural. ‘The name by which the best tin plates are known; these are always made by charcoal fires’ (Ure Dict. Arts I. 767).

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

charcoal appetite n.

ΚΠ

a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 15 The Green sickness of the Mind..A kind of Charcoal Appetite.

charcoal-basket n.

charcoal-dust n.

ΚΠ

1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 101 Add to it as much very dry charcoal-dust.

charcoal-fire n.

ΚΠ

1689 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) xxxix. 254 On clear Charcoal, or Wood-coal Fire.

charcoal-man n.

ΚΠ

1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 245 A hundred Charcoal-men..provide the Wood, which is to burn those that are condemned to the Fire.

1830 W. Scott Ivanhoe (new ed.) Introd. p. xi The..romance of Rauf Colziar, in which Charlemagne is introduced as the unknown guest of a charcoal-man.

charcoal-merchant n.

ΚΠ

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. 30 His Father..exercised the trade of a charcoal-merchant.

charcoal-poultice n.

ΚΠ

1876 R. Bartholow Pract. Treat. Materia Med. iii. 515 A charcoal-poultice differs from an ordinary poultice in having powdered charcoal incorporated with the mass.

1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Cataplasma carbonis..The charcoal poultice. For correcting the fœtor..of ill-conditioned ulcers.

charcoal-powder n.

ΚΠ

1855 J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Common Life I. 81 Charcoal powder darkens..the flowers of the dahlia.

C2.

charcoal biscuit n. a biscuit containing wood-charcoal as an anti-fermentative, absorbent, or deodorizer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits

dorcake14..

cracknelc1440

hard breada1500

crackling1598

Naples biscuit1650

gingerbread man1686

chocolate biscuit1702

biscotin1723

sponge biscuit1736

maple biscuita1753

butter biscuit1758

nut1775

Oliver biscuit1786

funeral biscuit1790

rock biscuit?1790

ratafia1801

finger biscuit1812

Savoy drop1816

lady's finger1818

snap1819

Abernethy1830

pretzel1831

wine-biscuit1834

gingersnap1838

captain's biscuit1843

lebkuchen1847

simnel1854

sugar cookie1854

peppernut1862

McClellan pie1863

Savoy ring1866

Brown George1867

beaten biscuit1876

digestive1876

Osborne1876

Bath Oliver1878

marie1878

boer biscuit1882

charcoal biscuit1885

biscotti1886

fairing1888

snickerdoodle1889

pfeffernuss1891

zwieback1894

Nice1895

Garibaldi biscuit1896

Oswegoc1900

squashed fly1900

amaretto1905

boerebeskuit1905

Romary1905

petit beurre1906

Oswego biscuit1907

soetkoekie1910

Oreo1912

custard cream1916

Anzac1923

sweet biscuit1929

langue de chat1931

Bourbon biscuit1932

Afghan1934

flapjack1935

Florentine1936

chocolate chip cookie1938

choc chip cookie1940

Toll House cookie1940

tuile1943

pizzelle1949

black and white1967

Romany Cream1970

papri1978

1885 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 759 Bragg's Charcoal Biscuits.

1925 St. J. Ervine Anthony & Anna i. 24 Which will you 'ave, sir—the charcoal or the digestive biscuits?

charcoal-black n. a pigment obtained from charcoal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > pigment

blackOE

lamp-black1598

charcoal-black1622

ivory-black1634

blue-black1665

bone black1665

Indian ink1665

India ink1700

smoke-black1712

China-ink1782

Frankfort black1823

almond black1835

Spanish black1839

gas black1841

abaiser1849

peach black1852

vine-black1860

carbon black1872

drop-black1879

aspergillin1891

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 112 Shaddow it with char-coale blacke.

charcoal brown n. a dark brown colour; frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > dark brown

burneta1450

chocolate colour1729

chocolate-brown1766

chocolate1785

mocha1895

mocha brown1895

nigger1914

nigger-brown1915

tête de nègre1916

cocoa1923

charcoal brown1959

peat1971

1959 ‘E. McBain’ Pusher ii. 16 He was..dressed now in a brown sharkskin suit and charcoal-brown overcoat.

charcoal-burner n. one whose occupation it is to make charcoal by burning wood, etc.

ΚΠ

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 257 A few charcoal-burners among the brakes.

charcoal-burning n.

ΚΠ

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 759 If the supply of air is limited, only the more volatile ingredients [of wood] burn away, and the greater part of the carbon remains behind. This is the principle of the process of charcoal-burning.

† charcoal-collier n. Obsolete = charcoal-burner n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other manufactured materials > [noun] > of charcoal

coaler1276

colliera1375

coalmana1450

wood-coaler1600

charcoal-collier1636

coalburner1636

charcoal-burner1825

1636 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons Introd. 78 To the charcoal colliers uppon my lordes guift towardes the buying of their sackes 00 03 06.

charcoal-filter n. a filter in which charcoal is used to absorb impurities.

charcoal-furnace n. a furnace in which charcoal is made by dry distillation of wood.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln

coal kiln1534

charcoal-furnace1801

meiler1839

charcoal-oven1878

1801 W. Coxe Hist. Tour Monmouthshire I. 3 Tintern Abby, charcoal furnace, forges, and wire-works.

charcoal grey n. (a) a dark grey powder or pigment made from charcoal; (b) a dark grey colour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey

parson grey1760

Oxford grey1822

anthracite1873

charcoal grey1907

shadow-grey1918

Oxford1926

charcoal1952

the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > grey pigment > [noun] > specific

French grey1564

Payne's grey1832

mineral grey1869

zinc-grey1881

charcoal grey1907

1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 471/1 Water Colours..Charcoal grey.

1934 H. Hiler Notes Technique Painting ii. 90 Greys. Charcoal grey, Davy's grey, [etc.].

1949 Dict. Colours Int. Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 5/2 Charcoal grey,..a descriptive colour name introduced into seasonal ranges by B.C.C. in 1942, to denote a neutral grey.

1963 Times 27 Feb. 6/4 An easy-to-wear blouse style garment in charcoal grey.

charcoal-iron n. iron containing a certain percentage of carbon.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron

landiron1428

wood-iron1536

bullate1591

bullet-iron1686

tough-iron1686

Russia iron1751

Russian iron1758

sable1785

Russia1805

stub-iron1820

bushel-iron1831

Russia sheet-iron1835

stub-nail iron1839

stub Damascus1845

Berlin iron1854

charcoal-iron1858

Bessemer iron1864

tank-iron1864

ship-plate1873

ingot iron1877

tank-plate1892

structural1895

Armco1914

1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 166 Charcoal iron has..been the only stub twist barrels they..have ever been served with.

1861 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 16 Feb. 167 The charcoal iron of Newland and Backbarrow, near Ulverston..unrivalled in quality.

1870 Daily News 14 Apr. The rope is of charcoal iron, and two inches in circumference.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 895 With an admixture of charcoal pig-iron.

charcoal-oven n. = charcoal-furnace n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln

coal kiln1534

charcoal-furnace1801

meiler1839

charcoal-oven1878

1878 tr. R. Böhm in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XVII. 463 In the immediate vicinity of charcoal ovens.

charcoal-point n. = carbon-point; see carbon n. 2, Compounds 1d.

ΚΠ

c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 136/1 If the charcoal-points are too close together.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	charcoal
释义	charcoaln. Brit. /ˈtʃɑːkəʊl/, U.S. /ˈtʃɑrˌkoʊl/ Forms: Middle English–1600s charcole, Middle English charcolle, charkole, 1500s chark(e cole, ( colle, coole), cherke cole, charecole, 1600s charcoll, charcoale, charecoale, char-cole, charcoale, charr-coale, 1600s–1700s char-coal, 1600s– charcoal. Etymology: The first element is of uncertain origin; from the earliest instances it appears to be char ; charke , cherke , found from beg. of 16th cent., being apparently due to metanalysis of the spoken word, and having no independent origin or meaning, though afterwards (in 17th cent.) used as an independent word. A current suggestion is that char- is an application of chare v.¹ or chare n.¹, as if turn-coal, i.e. wood turned or converted into coal; but for this no actual evidence has been found. The name ‘coal’ itself originally meant ‘charcoal’ (collier being a ‘charcoal-burner’), and no satisfactory explanation appears of the introduction of the name charcoal in the same sense, especially as there is no contemporary reference to ‘earth-coal’, ‘stone-coal’, ‘pit-coal’, or ‘sea-coal’ (as mineral coal was, for various reasons, called). See coal n. 1. a. The black porous pulverizable substance, consisting (when pure) wholly of carbon, obtained as the solid residue in the imperfect combustion of wood, bones, and other vegetable or animal matter. Hence specified as animal charcoal, wood charcoal; vegetable charcoal. †pit charcoal, coke (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > charcoal > [noun] coalOE charcoalc1400 lind-coal14.. black coal1525 small coal1591 beech-coal1607 sallow charcoal1615 brier-coal1626 wood-coal1653 withy-cole1657 chark1708 vegetable ethiops1752 biochar1995 society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > coke coke1669 cinder1703 pit charcoal1771 gleed1853 breeze1875 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 875 A cheyer by-fore þe chemne, þer charcole brenned. c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxv A schimnay of charcole, to chaufen the knyȝte. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 69 Charcole [Pynson charkole], carbo. 1470–1 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 216 Ij skeppis carbonum vocatorum charcole. 1514 Acc. Churchw. St. Dunstan's Canterb. in Archæol. Cantiana XVII. 79 Item for ij quarters of charecole. 1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 4 §6 Working..of any..Stone, Sea cole, stone cole, Moore cole or cherke cole. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. x. 85 Victuall, and some Char-coale for a fire. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §775 Sea-coal last longer than Char-coal; and Char-coal of Roots, being coaled into great pieces, last longer than ordinary Char-coal. 1656 H. More Enthusiasmus Triumphatus 26 The fumes of Charcoale, that has often made men fall down dead. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vii. §5 A picture drawn in Charcoale. 1771 Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 214 The inside of all pieces of pit char~coal is full of cavities. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 755 Animal charcoal is a much more powerful discolouring principle than vegetable charcoal. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Musician's Tale ix. ix, in Tales Wayside Inn 109 A figure in shovel hat, Drawn in charcoal on the wall. 1865 W. S. Jevons Coal Quest. (ed. 2) 299 Until the middle of the last century, however, iron was always made with charcoal, and a woody country was necessarily its seat. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 764 Animal charcoal especially..has been much employed in the construction of filters. †b. = carbon n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbon > [noun] carbon1788 charcoal1800 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 57 Charcoal, the base of animal and vegetable matters, is widely diffused. †c. ? = carbonate n. ΚΠ 1790 Priestley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 80 107 I heated charcoal of copper in 41 ounce measures of dephlogisticated air. d. = charcoal grey n. at Compounds 2. Also attributive. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey parson grey1760 Oxford grey1822 anthracite1873 charcoal grey1907 shadow-grey1918 Oxford1926 charcoal1952 1952 Women's Wear Daily 16 Oct. 3 Charcoal is the choice for a gored skirt sundress with one of the new little triangle cover-tops. 1953 New Yorker 13 June 86/2 White cotton drill striped in pink, blue, or charcoal makes a cardigan jacket. 1955 Wall St. Jrnl. 25 Feb. 17/3 The charcoal trend in suits will extend to dark blues and greens next fall. 1958 M. Dickens Man Overboard i. 14 Ben was seeing himself in a narrow-trousered charcoal suit, entertaining Rose on an expense account. †2. collective plural in sense of 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxi. 135 Thre thousand sackes of charcolys made of wilowe tree. 1493 Festivall (1515) 25 A man that made charke coles in a wood. 1557 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 76 Item, for charke cooles. ?1592 J. Manwood Brefe Coll. Lawes Forest 74 Charecoales of Brouse wood. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 302 Craoidon..is very wel knowne..for Char-coles which the townesmen make good chaffer of. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 111 Those glowing Char-coals. 3. A charcoal pencil or crayon for drawing. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > charcoal coal1675 painters' scribbet1675 charcoal1688 fusain1870 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 144/2 Charcoals are Sallow Wood, or Withy Burnt and split into the form of Pencils, and sharpened to a Point. 4. Short for ‘charcoal drawing’. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > in specific medium coal work1651 crayon1662 pastel1791 pencilling1803 pen sketch1847 pen-picture1853 sanguine1854 pen and ink1860 black lead study1862 sepia1863 stylograph1866 charcoal1884 fusain1884 line drawing1891 celluloid1920 1884 American 8 59 A few good charcoals, but this last branch..seems to be sadly neglected by our own artists. 5. plural. ‘The name by which the best tin plates are known; these are always made by charcoal fires’ (Ure Dict. Arts I. 767). Compounds C1. General attributive. charcoal appetite n. ΚΠ a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 15 The Green sickness of the Mind..A kind of Charcoal Appetite. charcoal-basket n. charcoal-dust n. ΚΠ 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 101 Add to it as much very dry charcoal-dust. charcoal-fire n. ΚΠ 1689 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) xxxix. 254 On clear Charcoal, or Wood-coal Fire. charcoal-man n. ΚΠ 1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 245 A hundred Charcoal-men..provide the Wood, which is to burn those that are condemned to the Fire. 1830 W. Scott Ivanhoe (new ed.) Introd. p. xi The..romance of Rauf Colziar, in which Charlemagne is introduced as the unknown guest of a charcoal-man. charcoal-merchant n. ΚΠ 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. 30 His Father..exercised the trade of a charcoal-merchant. charcoal-poultice n. ΚΠ 1876 R. Bartholow Pract. Treat. Materia Med. iii. 515 A charcoal-poultice differs from an ordinary poultice in having powdered charcoal incorporated with the mass. 1881 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Cataplasma carbonis..The charcoal poultice. For correcting the fœtor..of ill-conditioned ulcers. charcoal-powder n. ΚΠ 1855 J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Common Life I. 81 Charcoal powder darkens..the flowers of the dahlia. C2. charcoal biscuit n. a biscuit containing wood-charcoal as an anti-fermentative, absorbent, or deodorizer. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits dorcake14.. cracknelc1440 hard breada1500 crackling1598 Naples biscuit1650 gingerbread man1686 chocolate biscuit1702 biscotin1723 sponge biscuit1736 maple biscuita1753 butter biscuit1758 nut1775 Oliver biscuit1786 funeral biscuit1790 rock biscuit?1790 ratafia1801 finger biscuit1812 Savoy drop1816 lady's finger1818 snap1819 Abernethy1830 pretzel1831 wine-biscuit1834 gingersnap1838 captain's biscuit1843 lebkuchen1847 simnel1854 sugar cookie1854 peppernut1862 McClellan pie1863 Savoy ring1866 Brown George1867 beaten biscuit1876 digestive1876 Osborne1876 Bath Oliver1878 marie1878 boer biscuit1882 charcoal biscuit1885 biscotti1886 fairing1888 snickerdoodle1889 pfeffernuss1891 zwieback1894 Nice1895 Garibaldi biscuit1896 Oswegoc1900 squashed fly1900 amaretto1905 boerebeskuit1905 Romary1905 petit beurre1906 Oswego biscuit1907 soetkoekie1910 Oreo1912 custard cream1916 Anzac1923 sweet biscuit1929 langue de chat1931 Bourbon biscuit1932 Afghan1934 flapjack1935 Florentine1936 chocolate chip cookie1938 choc chip cookie1940 Toll House cookie1940 tuile1943 pizzelle1949 black and white1967 Romany Cream1970 papri1978 1885 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 759 Bragg's Charcoal Biscuits. 1925 St. J. Ervine Anthony & Anna i. 24 Which will you 'ave, sir—the charcoal or the digestive biscuits? charcoal-black n. a pigment obtained from charcoal. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > blackening agent > [noun] > pigment blackOE lamp-black1598 charcoal-black1622 ivory-black1634 blue-black1665 bone black1665 Indian ink1665 India ink1700 smoke-black1712 China-ink1782 Frankfort black1823 almond black1835 Spanish black1839 gas black1841 abaiser1849 peach black1852 vine-black1860 carbon black1872 drop-black1879 aspergillin1891 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 112 Shaddow it with char-coale blacke. charcoal brown n. a dark brown colour; frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > dark brown burneta1450 chocolate colour1729 chocolate-brown1766 chocolate1785 mocha1895 mocha brown1895 nigger1914 nigger-brown1915 tête de nègre1916 cocoa1923 charcoal brown1959 peat1971 1959 ‘E. McBain’ Pusher ii. 16 He was..dressed now in a brown sharkskin suit and charcoal-brown overcoat. charcoal-burner n. one whose occupation it is to make charcoal by burning wood, etc. ΚΠ 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 257 A few charcoal-burners among the brakes. charcoal-burning n. ΚΠ 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 759 If the supply of air is limited, only the more volatile ingredients [of wood] burn away, and the greater part of the carbon remains behind. This is the principle of the process of charcoal-burning. † charcoal-collier n. Obsolete = charcoal-burner n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > makers of other manufactured materials > [noun] > of charcoal coaler1276 colliera1375 coalmana1450 wood-coaler1600 charcoal-collier1636 coalburner1636 charcoal-burner1825 1636 Althorp MS. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons Introd. 78 To the charcoal colliers uppon my lordes guift towardes the buying of their sackes 00 03 06. charcoal-filter n. a filter in which charcoal is used to absorb impurities. charcoal-furnace n. a furnace in which charcoal is made by dry distillation of wood. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln coal kiln1534 charcoal-furnace1801 meiler1839 charcoal-oven1878 1801 W. Coxe Hist. Tour Monmouthshire I. 3 Tintern Abby, charcoal furnace, forges, and wire-works. charcoal grey n. (a) a dark grey powder or pigment made from charcoal; (b) a dark grey colour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey parson grey1760 Oxford grey1822 anthracite1873 charcoal grey1907 shadow-grey1918 Oxford1926 charcoal1952 the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > grey pigment > [noun] > specific French grey1564 Payne's grey1832 mineral grey1869 zinc-grey1881 charcoal grey1907 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 471/1 Water Colours..Charcoal grey. 1934 H. Hiler Notes Technique Painting ii. 90 Greys. Charcoal grey, Davy's grey, [etc.]. 1949 Dict. Colours Int. Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 5/2 Charcoal grey,..a descriptive colour name introduced into seasonal ranges by B.C.C. in 1942, to denote a neutral grey. 1963 Times 27 Feb. 6/4 An easy-to-wear blouse style garment in charcoal grey. charcoal-iron n. iron containing a certain percentage of carbon. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > other types of iron landiron1428 wood-iron1536 bullate1591 bullet-iron1686 tough-iron1686 Russia iron1751 Russian iron1758 sable1785 Russia1805 stub-iron1820 bushel-iron1831 Russia sheet-iron1835 stub-nail iron1839 stub Damascus1845 Berlin iron1854 charcoal-iron1858 Bessemer iron1864 tank-iron1864 ship-plate1873 ingot iron1877 tank-plate1892 structural1895 Armco1914 1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 166 Charcoal iron has..been the only stub twist barrels they..have ever been served with. 1861 London Rev. & Weekly Jrnl. 16 Feb. 167 The charcoal iron of Newland and Backbarrow, near Ulverston..unrivalled in quality. 1870 Daily News 14 Apr. The rope is of charcoal iron, and two inches in circumference. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 895 With an admixture of charcoal pig-iron. charcoal-oven n. = charcoal-furnace n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [noun] > charcoal furnace or kiln coal kiln1534 charcoal-furnace1801 meiler1839 charcoal-oven1878 1878 tr. R. Böhm in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XVII. 463 In the immediate vicinity of charcoal ovens. charcoal-point n. = carbon-point; see carbon n. 2, Compounds 1d. ΚΠ c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 136/1 If the charcoal-points are too close together. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). charcoalv. Etymology: < charcoal n. 1. transitive. To mark, write, or blacken, with charcoal. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write with specific instrument chalk1580 coal1605 pencil1673 charcoal1840 biro1962 the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > making or becoming black > make black [verb (transitive)] > with charcoal charcoal1840 1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. II. 220 Half a lame couplet charcoaled on the wall. 1860 All Year Round 17 Mar. 493 Brows..charcoaled with some black pigment. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xv. xii. 178 Boggy grass to be gathered in summer; charcoaling to do. 2. transitive. To suffocate with the fumes of charcoal. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by smothering or suffocation > with or of smoke smothera1200 smore?a1513 worry1755 smook1825 charcoal1839 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxvii. 364 Because she wouldn't shut herself up in an air-tight three-pair-of stairs and charcoal herself to death. 1866 London Rev. 16 June 665 The novelist..drowned one character, shot another, charcoaled a third, and in some manner got rid of the entire lot. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2018). < n.c1400v.1839
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charcoaln.

Compounds

charcoalv.