centumvirn.

Brit.

/sɛnˈtʌmvə/,

/kɛnˈtʊmvɪə/, U.S.

/sɛnˈtəmvər/,

/kɛnˈtʊmˌvɪ(ə)r/

Inflections: Plural centumviri, centumvirs.

Forms: 1500s centumuir, 1600s– centumvir.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin centumvirī.

Etymology: < classical Latin centumvirī (plural) court instituted at Rome to settle various civil cases < centum hundred (see centum n.²) + virī , plural of vir man (see virile adj.).Not attested in use as singular in classical Latin.

Roman History.

Any of the members of a panel from which the judges of a civil court at Rome were appointed; (in plural) a civil court drawn from this panel, having particular jurisdiction over matters relating to property and inheritance.It is not known whether the panel originally comprised exactly one hundred men, as suggested by the etymology. In the late Republic, three men were elected annually to the centumviri from each of the thirty-five Roman tribes, making a total of 105. In the imperial period the number was increased to 180.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > ancient Roman courts

centumvir1542

centumvirate1696

family court1793

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 312 He had an oracion to make before y^e benche of iudges whiche wer called Centumuiri [L. centumuiros].

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iii. iv. sig. E4 Thou art one of the Centum-viri, Old boy, art' not?

1678 S. Speed tr. Valerius Maximus Romae Antiquae Descriptio vii. vii. 339 Marcus Anneius..cancell'd his Fathers Will, who had left him out of it, by the Sentence of the Centumviri.

1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. I. 126 It is believed, that these centumvirs are the same with the hundred judges mentioned by Justin.

1796 T. Haweis Three Kings 165 ‘What, then, (said the Centumvir,) does the king himself exhort us to submit to the law of the conqueror?’

1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 213/1 If the centumviri were chosen from the tribes, this seems a strong presumption in favour of the high antiquity of the court.

1897 M. Wilkinson tr. M. Pellisson Rom. Life in Pliny's Time vi. 143 The centumvirs, after the time of Augustus, were presided over by judicial decemvirs.

1967 Classical Q. 17 121 The court which handled hereditatis petitio was that of the centumviri.

2010 J. Lloyd & J. Mitchinson 2nd Bk. Gen. Ignorance 118 Court members were drawn from a pool of centumviri, or Hundred Men.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	centumvir
释义	centumvirn. Brit. /sɛnˈtʌmvə/, /kɛnˈtʊmvɪə/, U.S. /sɛnˈtəmvər/, /kɛnˈtʊmˌvɪ(ə)r/ Inflections: Plural centumviri, centumvirs. Forms: 1500s centumuir, 1600s– centumvir. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin centumvirī. Etymology: < classical Latin centumvirī (plural) court instituted at Rome to settle various civil cases < centum hundred (see centum n.²) + virī , plural of vir man (see virile adj.).Not attested in use as singular in classical Latin. Roman History. Any of the members of a panel from which the judges of a civil court at Rome were appointed; (in plural) a civil court drawn from this panel, having particular jurisdiction over matters relating to property and inheritance.It is not known whether the panel originally comprised exactly one hundred men, as suggested by the etymology. In the late Republic, three men were elected annually to the centumviri from each of the thirty-five Roman tribes, making a total of 105. In the imperial period the number was increased to 180. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > ancient Roman courts centumvir1542 centumvirate1696 family court1793 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 312 He had an oracion to make before y^e benche of iudges whiche wer called Centumuiri [L. centumuiros]. 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iii. iv. sig. E4 Thou art one of the Centum-viri, Old boy, art' not? View more context for this quotation 1678 S. Speed tr. Valerius Maximus Romae Antiquae Descriptio vii. vii. 339 Marcus Anneius..cancell'd his Fathers Will, who had left him out of it, by the Sentence of the Centumviri. 1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. I. 126 It is believed, that these centumvirs are the same with the hundred judges mentioned by Justin. 1796 T. Haweis Three Kings 165 ‘What, then, (said the Centumvir,) does the king himself exhort us to submit to the law of the conqueror?’ 1842 W. Smith Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. 213/1 If the centumviri were chosen from the tribes, this seems a strong presumption in favour of the high antiquity of the court. 1897 M. Wilkinson tr. M. Pellisson Rom. Life in Pliny's Time vi. 143 The centumvirs, after the time of Augustus, were presided over by judicial decemvirs. 1967 Classical Q. 17 121 The court which handled hereditatis petitio was that of the centumviri. 2010 J. Lloyd & J. Mitchinson 2nd Bk. Gen. Ignorance 118 Court members were drawn from a pool of centumviri, or Hundred Men. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1542
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