adustadj.¹

Brit.

/əˈdʌst/, U.S.

/əˈdəst/

Forms: Middle English–1600s aduste, Middle English– adust.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French aduste; Latin adūstus, adūrere.

Etymology: < Middle French aduste (French aduste ; compare Anglo-Norman adusté (13th cent. or earlier in medical contexts)) (of bodily humours) overheated (12th cent. in Old French), (of a place) hot, burning (1380), burnt, scorched (1480), affected with, or having a temperament determined by, adust humours (1506) and its etymon classical Latin adūstus burnt, scorched, charred, scorched by the sun, (of the complexion) dusky, swarthy, (of colour) dark, in post-classical Latin also (of bodily humours) overheated (from 12th cent. in British sources; frequently in medical contexts), use as adjective of past participle of adūrere adure v. Compare Old Occitan adust (c1220), Spanish adusto (a1400), Italian adusto (end of the 13th cent.), all earliest in sense 1a (now historical in this sense). Compare later adusted adj.

a. Medicine. Designating any of the humours of the body when considered to be abnormally concentrated and dark in colour, and associated with a pathological state of hotness and dryness of the body. Frequently as postmodifier. Now historical.Of the four humours, choler appears to have been the most often described as adust. Adust humours, esp. adust melancholy, were believed to be the source of mental and emotional symptoms as well as physical illness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours > specific

moista1393

cholerica1398

melancholya1398

radicala1398

sanguinea1398

adusta1400

phlegmatica1400

adusted1547

phlegmatical1586

humid1604

sanguineous1732

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 203 (MED) iij maner of colre adust..is whanne his blood is adust, id est brent.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 22 (MED) Þe feuere agu comounly is causid of a uyolent reed coler adust, and of blood adust, and of blak coler adust..alle þe humouris ben adust.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xi. sig. F.iv^v Burnt breade and hard crusts,..doth ingendre color, aduste, and melancoly humours.

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 63 Cares of the mynde..of adust flewme engendred.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 377 All diseases springing of melancholique, adust, and salt humours.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 335 In Fevers and hot distempers from choler adust is caused a blacknesse in our tongues, teeth and excretions.

1678 tr. L. Lessius in tr. L. Lessius et al. Temperate Man ix. 101 Grief thus set on work, by a certain kind of Sympathy straitens the heart, and hinders the Dilatation thereof, whereby the melancholick humor becomes adust, and more malignant.

1716 J. Arbuthnot To Mayor & Aldermen City of London: Humble Petition 2 The Sun-Beams taken inwardly, render the Humours too Hot and Adust, occasion great Sweatings, and dry up the Rectual Moisture.

1755 C. Perry Mech. Acct. Hysteric Passion 96 The immediate cause is always one and the same, and consists in hot, acrid, adust humours, irritating the medullary substance of the brain.

1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 15/1 The blood and fluids were formerly said to be adust, when there was much heat in the constitution and but little serum in the blood.

1954 Sewanee Rev. 62 163 It emerges that two distinctions are to be made: a physical distinction between natural melancholy and adust melancholy, and a literary distinction between the Galenic and Aristotelian traditions.

1973 Harvard Theol. Rev. 66 299 An imbalance of the humors caused black bile to become ‘adust’, the fumes of which rose to the brain, disordering the intellect and causing insanity.

2009 A. Ellis Old Age, Masculinity, & Early Mod. Drama ii. 61 The melancholy that resulted was not earthy (cold and dry, provoking sluggishness), but adust (hot and dry, provoking passion).

†b. Originally: affected with, or having a temperament determined by, adust humours (see sense 1a). In later use: having a melancholy character or appearance; gloomy; sallow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective]

melancholiousa1393

melancholica1398

darkc1440

adustc1460

melancholyc1475

as melancholy as a cat1592

allichollya1616

fuliginous1646

atrabilious1651

atrabilary1676

atrabilarian1678

hipped1712

splenetic1759

atrabiliarious1761

melancholish1775

atrabiliar1833

atrabiliary1839

atrabilarious1882

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > yellowness > [adjective]

yelloweOE

sallowOE

adustc1460

sallow-coloured1551

croydon-sanguinea1566

sallow-faced1605

tansy-faced1625

sallow-visaged1853

sallow-looking1892

c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 737 (MED) The coleryk man..Drye and adust and a gret wastour.

1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie sig. D.iiii That face whiche denteth somwhat in, and is more leane then grosse, declareth that man to be iniuriouse, enuiouse, deceatfull,..vayne, very simple, and of a dull vnderstandyng, and somtyme a murtherer, especiallye if he be adust wanne or yelowesh in colour as Cocles knewe the lyke.

1605 A. Munday tr. G. Affinati Dumbe Divine Speaker 228 Whereon it happeneth, that cholericke men (being adust and fierie by nature) when they are in heate, they cannot pronounce perfectly.

1659 E. Gayton Art Longevity xiv. 30 If by complexion men adust (that's sad) Or splenatick, do like this beveridge bad.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 21 No meagre, muse-rid mope, adust and thin.

1794 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor I. iii. 18 My aunt was..of an adust complection, atrabilarious in look and temper, thirty-four, and two years older than Mr. Elford.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 91 That plodding spirit with which men of adust temperament follow up any tract of study.

1880 Athenæum 27 Mar. 414/2 The tall, somewhat adust and worn woman standing by a table.

a. Burnt, scorched; desiccated by exposure to strong heat; parched. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > dried (up) > by heat or parched

adust?a1425

parched1560

scorcheda1593

parchy1746

exusted1823

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > injured by heat or fire

burnt1393

adust?a1425

fire-fangeda1522

adusted?1550

torrid1611

scathed1791

blackened1859

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 83 (MED) R[ecipe]..carabel aduste, And þat is rede erþe as smal as grauel.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 93b/a Alum combust & a drie cucurbita adust [L. adusta; ?c1425 Paris ybrente].

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica i. 58 Nilus..renneth thurgh contrees that be aduste & hugely endryed by the feruente hete of the sonne.

1533 in tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani sig. a^v Erasmus is the onely furbyssher Scouryng the harneys, cankred and aduste whiche neglygence had so sore fret with ruste.

1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xli^v Lyke an adust conscyenced hypocryte.

1637 T. Nabbes Microcosmus ii. sig. C3 Provoke me no more: I am adust with rage.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 635 With torrid heat, And vapour as the Lybian Air adust .

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 179 The Vulgar now and then cure putrid Fevers by taking of adust Wine.

1709 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (ed. 2) 168 Arcadia However streamy now, adust and dry Deny'd the Goddess Water.

1756 S. Hales in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 327 Its more disagreeable adust taste.

1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 105/2 The camels..These arid and adust creatures.

1857 Fraser's Mag. 56 69 African islands..whose desolate and adust beauty sets the imagination all on fire.

1919 Scribner's Mag. Mar. 271 Geysers, leaping to the sun, In lands adust, untrod by men.

†b. Of or designating a dark brown colour, as if scorched; (of a person) dark-skinned, tanned. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [adjective]

blackeOE

browned-black?c1510

dark?1537

black-faced1581

adust?1586

black-visaged1602

mulatto1622

kettle-faced1680

black-favoured1681

black-a-top1685

brown-complexioned1704

blackavised1721

brunette1724

brune1747

dark-skinned1750

black-looking1753

melanic1826

melanous1836

brunet1840

copper-skinned1873

brown-skinned1904

brown-

?1586 M. Hanmer Baptizing of Turke sig. B4 These people inhabiting Mauritania in Affricke, are..for their adust, and blacke colour called μαύροι and μαυρούσιοι Moores.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. Q4^v Of an adust swarth chollericke dye.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. lviii. 28 Which stone is shewed at this day..carrying a burnt and adust colour.

1678 London Gaz. mcccxxv/4 One Mary, a Lecestershire woman..complection somewhat adust..Run away from [etc.].

c1760 T. Smollett Ode to Independence 67 Arabia's scorching sands he crossed..Conductor of her Tribes adust.

1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. ii. 202 Here everything is adust and tawny, from man to his wife, his horse, his ox, or his ass.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

adustv.²

Brit.

/əˈdʌst/, U.S.

/əˈdəst/

Forms: see adust adj.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: adust adj.¹

Etymology: < adust adj.¹ Compare slightly later adure v.

Now rare.

transitive. To burn, to scorch; to desiccate by exposing to strong heat. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > parch

adust?a1425

parcha1450

beparch1586

frizz1891

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > burn to ashes

to burn to, into (formerly also in) ashesc1175

to burn to powderc1175

adust?a1425

incinerate1555

adure1583

cinder1628

calcine1633

cinefy1654

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 166 Medicynez be preperate & mundified, decocted & adusted [?c1425 Paris brynte; L. aduruntur], & ybroke or brissed.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 99 Be he war of al þat þat subtileþ & adusteþ [?c1425 Paris brenneth; L. adurit] blode, as subtile wyne, garlek, & onyons.

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 244 They gut theym and pull out theire entrailes, and within a litle while they be adusted and sumwhat skorkened with the sonne.

1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 46^v An hondred thousande conscyences, ded he..aduste with hys Romyshe faythe.

1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions 64 Beards of the colour of brasse: for that the haires are neither adusted by the Sunne, nor yet by any inward heat.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 514 Sulphurous and Nitrous Foame..Concocted and adusted they reduc'd To blackest grain.

1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London xxiii. 247 By the immediate affusion of so great a proportion of Spirit of Sulphur, the other Ingredients are Adusted or Burned.

1861 S. B. Hemyng Dark Cloud with Silver Lining iii. 59 My brain was adusted by the eagerness with which I pursued my psychical inquiries.

1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 350 The flesh and blood adusted hiss and whizz, Like iron that in water plunged is.

1942 D. Peaslee in A. Tate Princeton Verse between Two Wars 74 Now The sun adusts us.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	adust
释义	adustadj.¹ Brit. /əˈdʌst/, U.S. /əˈdəst/ Forms: Middle English–1600s aduste, Middle English– adust. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French aduste; Latin adūstus, adūrere. Etymology: < Middle French aduste (French aduste ; compare Anglo-Norman adusté (13th cent. or earlier in medical contexts)) (of bodily humours) overheated (12th cent. in Old French), (of a place) hot, burning (1380), burnt, scorched (1480), affected with, or having a temperament determined by, adust humours (1506) and its etymon classical Latin adūstus burnt, scorched, charred, scorched by the sun, (of the complexion) dusky, swarthy, (of colour) dark, in post-classical Latin also (of bodily humours) overheated (from 12th cent. in British sources; frequently in medical contexts), use as adjective of past participle of adūrere adure v. Compare Old Occitan adust (c1220), Spanish adusto (a1400), Italian adusto (end of the 13th cent.), all earliest in sense 1a (now historical in this sense). Compare later adusted adj. 1. a. Medicine. Designating any of the humours of the body when considered to be abnormally concentrated and dark in colour, and associated with a pathological state of hotness and dryness of the body. Frequently as postmodifier. Now historical.Of the four humours, choler appears to have been the most often described as adust. Adust humours, esp. adust melancholy, were believed to be the source of mental and emotional symptoms as well as physical illness. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours > specific moista1393 cholerica1398 melancholya1398 radicala1398 sanguinea1398 adusta1400 phlegmatica1400 adusted1547 phlegmatical1586 humid1604 sanguineous1732 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 203 (MED) iij maner of colre adust..is whanne his blood is adust, id est brent. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 22 (MED) Þe feuere agu comounly is causid of a uyolent reed coler adust, and of blood adust, and of blak coler adust..alle þe humouris ben adust. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xi. sig. F.iv^v Burnt breade and hard crusts,..doth ingendre color, aduste, and melancoly humours. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health ii. f. 63 Cares of the mynde..of adust flewme engendred. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 377 All diseases springing of melancholique, adust, and salt humours. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 335 In Fevers and hot distempers from choler adust is caused a blacknesse in our tongues, teeth and excretions. View more context for this quotation 1678 tr. L. Lessius in tr. L. Lessius et al. Temperate Man ix. 101 Grief thus set on work, by a certain kind of Sympathy straitens the heart, and hinders the Dilatation thereof, whereby the melancholick humor becomes adust, and more malignant. 1716 J. Arbuthnot To Mayor & Aldermen City of London: Humble Petition 2 The Sun-Beams taken inwardly, render the Humours too Hot and Adust, occasion great Sweatings, and dry up the Rectual Moisture. 1755 C. Perry Mech. Acct. Hysteric Passion 96 The immediate cause is always one and the same, and consists in hot, acrid, adust humours, irritating the medullary substance of the brain. 1839 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 2) 15/1 The blood and fluids were formerly said to be adust, when there was much heat in the constitution and but little serum in the blood. 1954 Sewanee Rev. 62 163 It emerges that two distinctions are to be made: a physical distinction between natural melancholy and adust melancholy, and a literary distinction between the Galenic and Aristotelian traditions. 1973 Harvard Theol. Rev. 66 299 An imbalance of the humors caused black bile to become ‘adust’, the fumes of which rose to the brain, disordering the intellect and causing insanity. 2009 A. Ellis Old Age, Masculinity, & Early Mod. Drama ii. 61 The melancholy that resulted was not earthy (cold and dry, provoking sluggishness), but adust (hot and dry, provoking passion). †b. Originally: affected with, or having a temperament determined by, adust humours (see sense 1a). In later use: having a melancholy character or appearance; gloomy; sallow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > [adjective] melancholiousa1393 melancholica1398 darkc1440 adustc1460 melancholyc1475 as melancholy as a cat1592 allichollya1616 fuliginous1646 atrabilious1651 atrabilary1676 atrabilarian1678 hipped1712 splenetic1759 atrabiliarious1761 melancholish1775 atrabiliar1833 atrabiliary1839 atrabilarious1882 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > yellowness > [adjective] yelloweOE sallowOE adustc1460 sallow-coloured1551 croydon-sanguinea1566 sallow-faced1605 tansy-faced1625 sallow-visaged1853 sallow-looking1892 c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 737 (MED) The coleryk man..Drye and adust and a gret wastour. 1556 T. Hill tr. B. Cocles Brief Epitomye Phisiognomie sig. D.iiii That face whiche denteth somwhat in, and is more leane then grosse, declareth that man to be iniuriouse, enuiouse, deceatfull,..vayne, very simple, and of a dull vnderstandyng, and somtyme a murtherer, especiallye if he be adust wanne or yelowesh in colour as Cocles knewe the lyke. 1605 A. Munday tr. G. Affinati Dumbe Divine Speaker 228 Whereon it happeneth, that cholericke men (being adust and fierie by nature) when they are in heate, they cannot pronounce perfectly. 1659 E. Gayton Art Longevity xiv. 30 If by complexion men adust (that's sad) Or splenatick, do like this beveridge bad. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 21 No meagre, muse-rid mope, adust and thin. 1794 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor I. iii. 18 My aunt was..of an adust complection, atrabilarious in look and temper, thirty-four, and two years older than Mr. Elford. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 91 That plodding spirit with which men of adust temperament follow up any tract of study. 1880 Athenæum 27 Mar. 414/2 The tall, somewhat adust and worn woman standing by a table. 2. a. Burnt, scorched; desiccated by exposure to strong heat; parched. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > dried (up) > by heat or parched adust?a1425 parched1560 scorcheda1593 parchy1746 exusted1823 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > injured by heat or fire burnt1393 adust?a1425 fire-fangeda1522 adusted?1550 torrid1611 scathed1791 blackened1859 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 83 (MED) R[ecipe]..carabel aduste, And þat is rede erþe as smal as grauel. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 93b/a Alum combust & a drie cucurbita adust [L. adusta; ?c1425 Paris ybrente]. c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica i. 58 Nilus..renneth thurgh contrees that be aduste & hugely endryed by the feruente hete of the sonne. 1533 in tr. Erasmus Enchiridion Militis Christiani sig. a^v Erasmus is the onely furbyssher Scouryng the harneys, cankred and aduste whiche neglygence had so sore fret with ruste. 1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xli^v Lyke an adust conscyenced hypocryte. 1637 T. Nabbes Microcosmus ii. sig. C3 Provoke me no more: I am adust with rage. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 635 With torrid heat, And vapour as the Lybian Air adust . View more context for this quotation 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 179 The Vulgar now and then cure putrid Fevers by taking of adust Wine. 1709 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (ed. 2) 168 Arcadia However streamy now, adust and dry Deny'd the Goddess Water. 1756 S. Hales in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 327 Its more disagreeable adust taste. 1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 105/2 The camels..These arid and adust creatures. 1857 Fraser's Mag. 56 69 African islands..whose desolate and adust beauty sets the imagination all on fire. 1919 Scribner's Mag. Mar. 271 Geysers, leaping to the sun, In lands adust, untrod by men. †b. Of or designating a dark brown colour, as if scorched; (of a person) dark-skinned, tanned. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [adjective] blackeOE browned-black?c1510 dark?1537 black-faced1581 adust?1586 black-visaged1602 mulatto1622 kettle-faced1680 black-favoured1681 black-a-top1685 brown-complexioned1704 blackavised1721 brunette1724 brune1747 dark-skinned1750 black-looking1753 melanic1826 melanous1836 brunet1840 copper-skinned1873 brown-skinned1904 brown- ?1586 M. Hanmer Baptizing of Turke sig. B4 These people inhabiting Mauritania in Affricke, are..for their adust, and blacke colour called μαύροι and μαυρούσιοι Moores. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. Q4^v Of an adust swarth chollericke dye. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. lviii. 28 Which stone is shewed at this day..carrying a burnt and adust colour. 1678 London Gaz. mcccxxv/4 One Mary, a Lecestershire woman..complection somewhat adust..Run away from [etc.]. c1760 T. Smollett Ode to Independence 67 Arabia's scorching sands he crossed..Conductor of her Tribes adust. 1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. ii. 202 Here everything is adust and tawny, from man to his wife, his horse, his ox, or his ass. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). adustadj.² Brit. /əˈdʌst/, U.S. /əˈdəst/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix³, dust n.¹ Etymology: < a- prefix³ + dust n.¹, after e.g. ablaze adj., afire adv., asleep adv. and adj. literary and poetic. That is in a dusty condition; covered in dust. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > [adjective] > dusty dustya1225 dustish1647 pulvereous1656 pulverulent1737 stoury1792 adust1827 poucey1829 sneezy1848 1827 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 792/1 They..lose half their lives on the road, often miry or adust. 1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxvii. 154 A sorry paletôt, much be-inked, and no little adust. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xxv. 307 He was tired and adust with long riding. 1908 A. W. Truesdell Francisca Reina 11 O face Newborn, adust with ashes of its home! 1990 W. Coleman Afr. Sleeping Sickness 55 Dark beige curtains adust with malodor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † adustv.¹ Forms: Middle English aduste. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix¹, dust v.² Etymology: < a- prefix¹ + dust v.² N.E.D. (1884) instead interprets the form aduste as past tense of a hypothesized infinitive adushen. Obsolete. transitive. With adown. To cast or throw down. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > throw down > headlong adusta1250 precipitate1541 precipit1628 precipice1653 plummet1855 a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad* (Titus) (1940) l. 630 (MED) Heo..aduste [c1225 Bodl. duste] hire heuenliche fader adun. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). adustv.² Brit. /əˈdʌst/, U.S. /əˈdəst/ Forms: see adust adj.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: adust adj.¹ Etymology: < adust adj.¹ Compare slightly later adure v. Now rare. transitive. To burn, to scorch; to desiccate by exposing to strong heat. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [verb (transitive)] > parch adust?a1425 parcha1450 beparch1586 frizz1891 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > burn to ashes to burn to, into (formerly also in) ashesc1175 to burn to powderc1175 adust?a1425 incinerate1555 adure1583 cinder1628 calcine1633 cinefy1654 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 166 Medicynez be preperate & mundified, decocted & adusted [?c1425 Paris brynte; L. aduruntur], & ybroke or brissed. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 99 Be he war of al þat þat subtileþ & adusteþ [?c1425 Paris brenneth; L. adurit] blode, as subtile wyne, garlek, & onyons. c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iv. 244 They gut theym and pull out theire entrailes, and within a litle while they be adusted and sumwhat skorkened with the sonne. 1546 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 1st Pt. f. 46^v An hondred thousande conscyences, ded he..aduste with hys Romyshe faythe. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions 64 Beards of the colour of brasse: for that the haires are neither adusted by the Sunne, nor yet by any inward heat. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 514 Sulphurous and Nitrous Foame..Concocted and adusted they reduc'd To blackest grain. View more context for this quotation 1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London xxiii. 247 By the immediate affusion of so great a proportion of Spirit of Sulphur, the other Ingredients are Adusted or Burned. 1861 S. B. Hemyng Dark Cloud with Silver Lining iii. 59 My brain was adusted by the eagerness with which I pursued my psychical inquiries. 1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid Metamorphoses 350 The flesh and blood adusted hiss and whizz, Like iron that in water plunged is. 1942 D. Peaslee in A. Tate Princeton Verse between Two Wars 74 Now The sun adusts us. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹a1400adj.²1827v.¹a1250v.²?a1425
随便看	to give a fish the butt to give a foot to give a for instance to give a foul berth to give a foul berth to to give a free hand to give a free rein to give a free rein to to give a gawf to give a gift to give a give or gift to give a give or gift that to give a good account of to give a good account of often oneself to give a good account of something to give a good hand to give a good name to give a good seeing to to give a good stroke to give a good, clear, or usually since 1800 wide berth to to give a good, clear, or wide berth to to give a gudgeon to give a gun to give a hand to give a hand up

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