† censen.¹

Forms: Also Middle English cens, Middle English sens, sense, sensse, Middle English–1500s sence.

Etymology: Shortened form of Middle English encens, incense n.

Obsolete.

Incense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense

rechelseOE

storc1000

incensec1290

censea1382

guma1382

olibanuma1398

thus1398

frankincensea1400

frank14..

thurec1425

mascle thure?1440

olibanc1440

smoke1530

perfume1542

masculine frankincense1555

tacamahac1577

cayolac1588

masculine gum1604

candle1628

pastille1630

Spanish coal1631

incense-frank1633

thymiama1697

censery1823

punk1844

joss-stick1845

god-stick1874

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. iv. 6 The hil of cens [a1425 L.V. encense].

c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 290 With sencers..and a viole of sence.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4184 Þan knelis doun oure conquirour & callis on his driȝtins, Giffe þam siluir & so & sens at þaim castis.

14.. Masse in Tundale's Vis. 150 iij. kyngis..There offorde golde, sense, and myrrre.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 66 Cense or incense or rychelle.

c1450 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. E. 249 Gold, sensse, and myrre.

1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 64 Item for a pund of sens, iiij s.

1540 Inv. Worcester Priory in Greene Hist. Worcester II. App. 5 A navett to putt cense yn.

1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iv. viii. 95 On the altaris, birnand full of sence The sacrifice scho offerit.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† censen.²

Forms: Also Middle English sens, 1500s sense, 1500s–1700s cens, 1600s cence.

Etymology: < Old French cense (modern French cens) < Latin census registration of citizens, property, etc., census, < censēre to estimate, rate, assess, etc.

Obsolete.

1. A tax or tribute; = census n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax

head pennyc1175

head silver1252

cense1458

chevage1461

poll money1468

head moneyc1515

polling-penny?1556

capitation?1608

poll-silver1610

census1613

headagea1631

poll1669

poll tax1692

capitation tax1695

1458–9 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 299 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 Ther sholde no manere of man be recevid sensers to passe fre of thar custumes over the sea at sens makyng in no manner wise save [etc.].

1466–7 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 303 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 If ony suche sensere will not pay his sens in manere aforsaide.

1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 374 The pention and cense, which the Frenche King payd before the warris.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xvii. 25 The kings of the earth of whom receive they tribute or cense?

1661 J. Stephens Hist. Disc. Procur. 76 A Cense, or Tribute in money payd to the Bishop..from the inferiour Clergie.

1741 T. Robinson Common Law of Kent i. 3 Which..yielded no Cens, Rent, or Service in Money.

1763 R. Burn Eccl. Law II. 174 Thenceforth no person shall pay any pensions, censes, portions,..or any other impositions.

a. = census n. 1, 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > registration for taxation

cense1533

censusa1628

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > population > [noun] > official enumeration of

cense1720

census1769

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) iv. 316 Mony yeris eftir thare wes na cens, that is to say, estimacioun of men, be thare gudis.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. xlii. 30 He [sc. Servius Tullius] devised and ordained the Cense.

1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) I. i. i. 3/1 In the Year 1636..Sir Edward Bromfield, then Mayor, took occasion..to make a Cense or Computation of the People; who were..found to be 700000.

b. An enumeration or list (of things).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > list > [noun]

tableOE

scorec1325

billa1340

calendar?a1400

legendc1400

librarya1450

Ragmanc1450

Ragman rollc1450

cataloguea1464

repertory1542

scrowa1545

bedroll?1552

roll1565

file1566

state1582

inventory1589

brief1600

series1601

counter-roll1603

list1604

muster roll1605

cense1615

pinax1625

repertoirec1626

diagram1631

recensiona1638

repertorium1667

vocabulary1694

albe1697

enumeration1725

screed1748

album1753

tableau1792

roll-call1833

shopping list1923

laundry list1958

remainder list1977

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 279 In all the Cense of Hereditary diseases.

3. Rating, taken as determining position or rank; ‘rate’; income.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > personal income or acquired wealth

yearningeOE

livelihooda1325

livingc1330

thrifta1350

fanging1493

thrive1592

stipend1605

censea1637

revenue1653

private income1725

establishment1726

take1937

a1637 B. Jonson Timber 2205 in Wks. (1640) III A man, whose estate and cense as senses, you are familiar with.

1650 C. Elderfield Civil Right Tythes 298 A person of cense and possession.

1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 290 More resplendent in their robes, then others of a larger cense.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

censev.¹

Brit.

/sɛns/, U.S.

/sɛns/

Forms: Middle English–1500s sense, Middle English scence, Middle English–1500s sence, Middle English– cense, 1500s sainse, 1600s sens.

Etymology: < cense n.¹ (Old French cense ), or shortened (in English or French) < incense v.¹French encenser.

a. transitive. To perfume with odours from burning incense; to burn incense before, offer incense to; esp. by way of worship or honour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] > cense

sterec1000

incense1303

smeeka1382

thurifyc1400

censec1405

thuriblec1440

censer1625

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense > perfume with or burn incense before person

rechela1200

incense1303

thurifyc1400

censec1405

becensea1622

fume1641

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 155 This Absolon..Gooth with a sencer on the haliday Sensynge the wyues of the parisshe faste.

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 49 In the temple..hem to scence bothe clene and pure.

1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 53^v We haue sainsed thy saincts, we haue..honored thy Crosse.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 309 b To cense them with Frankencense.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 59 With..sensers to sense the Kinge and Queene as they rode by them.

1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. 17 He was censed in his Cratch by the Wise-men of the East.

a1685 Funeral in Popish Times in H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 33 Att the West dore of the Church, A prælat shall sens the Corps.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 445 The Salii sing; and cense his Altars round With Saban Smoke.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 348 2 slaves kneeling cens'd my Hair, Cloaths, and Handkerchief.

1811 H. Martyn in J. Sargent Life & Lett. H. Martyn (1881) 289 The priest..at the time of incense censed me four times.

1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxxviii, in Monthly Packet July 28 Mary in the meantime had a dirge and requiem performed for her brother in her private chapel in the Tower, where it is said one of her chaplains thrust aside a married clergyman who was about to cense the Queen.

figurative.1881 E. Purcell in Academy 22 Jan. 56 The reverent adulation with which the authoress censes her she-Ritualist.

b. transferred. To fill as with the smoke of incense.

ΚΠ

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Sept. 4/2 Clouds waving, dreamily cense the air continually.

2. intransitive. To burn or offer incense. Cf. censing n.¹, censing adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > emit fragrance [verb (intransitive)] > cense

sterec1000

censec1440

society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > burn incense

incensec1386

censec1440

thurifyc1440

censer1625

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 66 Censyn or caste þe sensere, thurifico.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 169 It is not leeful and expedient that men knele..or cense bifore hem.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 171/2 That they shold sacrefyse and sence tofore the goddes.

1570 J. Foxe tr. Frederick II Epist. in Actes & Monuments (rev. ed.) I. 385/2 He..would cense, not with the incense of grief and hatred, but with the sweeete smellying incense of concorde and vnitie.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xii. 617 The man that cens'd at Vespers.

1732 D. Neal Hist. Puritans I. 34 Censing and kneeling before them [images] is allowed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† censev.²

Forms: Also 1600s sense.

Etymology: < Latin censēre to estimate, rate, assess, be of opinion, etc. Compare cense n.²

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To judge, estimate, reckon.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)]

talec897

ween971

takec1175

weigha1200

deem?c1225

judge?c1225

guessc1330

reta1382

accounta1387

aretc1386

assize1393

consider1398

ponder?a1400

adjudgec1440

reckonc1440

peisec1460

ponderate?a1475

poisea1483

trutinate1528

steem1535

rate?1555

sense1564

compute1604

censure1605

cast1606

cense1606

estimate1651

audit1655

state1671

balance1692

esteem1711

appraise1823

figure1854

tally1860

revalue1894

lowball1973

1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. To Rdr. 330 And most—what but for Nods doe cense Saints, senselesse of more Recompence.

1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood i. vi. 54 The sonnes..are not sensed and reputed to be noble [Fr. ne sont censez et reputez Nobles].

1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ Pref. 1 The Ministery, whose honor and maintenance I have ever sensed to be very much of the interest of Religion.

1697 J. Evelyn Numismata ii. 21 The Saracens (who likewise are to be censed among the Barbarous).

2. To take a census of, assess.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > fix amount of tax > fix amount due from (a person or people)

stend1402

stentc1440

sess1475

assess1495

set1521

censea1719

a1719 J. Addison Evid. Christian Relig. ii. ii Augustus Caesar had ordered the whole Empire to be censed or taxed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.¹a1382

n.²1458

v.¹c1405

v.²1606

单词	cense
释义	† censen.¹ Forms: Also Middle English cens, Middle English sens, sense, sensse, Middle English–1500s sence. Etymology: Shortened form of Middle English encens, incense n. Obsolete. Incense. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > incense rechelseOE storc1000 incensec1290 censea1382 guma1382 olibanuma1398 thus1398 frankincensea1400 frank14.. thurec1425 mascle thure?1440 olibanc1440 smoke1530 perfume1542 masculine frankincense1555 tacamahac1577 cayolac1588 masculine gum1604 candle1628 pastille1630 Spanish coal1631 incense-frank1633 thymiama1697 censery1823 punk1844 joss-stick1845 god-stick1874 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. iv. 6 The hil of cens [a1425 L.V. encense]. c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 290 With sencers..and a viole of sence. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4184 Þan knelis doun oure conquirour & callis on his driȝtins, Giffe þam siluir & so & sens at þaim castis. 14.. Masse in Tundale's Vis. 150 iij. kyngis..There offorde golde, sense, and myrrre. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 66 Cense or incense or rychelle. c1450 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. E. 249 Gold, sensse, and myrre. 1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 64 Item for a pund of sens, iiij s. 1540 Inv. Worcester Priory in Greene Hist. Worcester II. App. 5 A navett to putt cense yn. 1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iv. viii. 95 On the altaris, birnand full of sence The sacrifice scho offerit. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † censen.² Forms: Also Middle English sens, 1500s sense, 1500s–1700s cens, 1600s cence. Etymology: < Old French cense (modern French cens) < Latin census registration of citizens, property, etc., census, < censēre to estimate, rate, assess, etc. Obsolete. 1. A tax or tribute; = census n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax head pennyc1175 head silver1252 cense1458 chevage1461 poll money1468 head moneyc1515 polling-penny?1556 capitation?1608 poll-silver1610 census1613 headagea1631 poll1669 poll tax1692 capitation tax1695 1458–9 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 299 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 Ther sholde no manere of man be recevid sensers to passe fre of thar custumes over the sea at sens makyng in no manner wise save [etc.]. 1466–7 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 303 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 If ony suche sensere will not pay his sens in manere aforsaide. 1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 374 The pention and cense, which the Frenche King payd before the warris. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xvii. 25 The kings of the earth of whom receive they tribute or cense? 1661 J. Stephens Hist. Disc. Procur. 76 A Cense, or Tribute in money payd to the Bishop..from the inferiour Clergie. 1741 T. Robinson Common Law of Kent i. 3 Which..yielded no Cens, Rent, or Service in Money. 1763 R. Burn Eccl. Law II. 174 Thenceforth no person shall pay any pensions, censes, portions,..or any other impositions. 2. a. = census n. 1, 3. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > registration for taxation cense1533 censusa1628 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > population > [noun] > official enumeration of cense1720 census1769 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) iv. 316 Mony yeris eftir thare wes na cens, that is to say, estimacioun of men, be thare gudis. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. xlii. 30 He [sc. Servius Tullius] devised and ordained the Cense. 1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) I. i. i. 3/1 In the Year 1636..Sir Edward Bromfield, then Mayor, took occasion..to make a Cense or Computation of the People; who were..found to be 700000. b. An enumeration or list (of things). ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > list > [noun] tableOE scorec1325 billa1340 calendar?a1400 legendc1400 librarya1450 Ragmanc1450 Ragman rollc1450 cataloguea1464 repertory1542 scrowa1545 bedroll?1552 roll1565 file1566 state1582 inventory1589 brief1600 series1601 counter-roll1603 list1604 muster roll1605 cense1615 pinax1625 repertoirec1626 diagram1631 recensiona1638 repertorium1667 vocabulary1694 albe1697 enumeration1725 screed1748 album1753 tableau1792 roll-call1833 shopping list1923 laundry list1958 remainder list1977 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 279 In all the Cense of Hereditary diseases. 3. Rating, taken as determining position or rank; ‘rate’; income. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [noun] > personal income or acquired wealth yearningeOE livelihooda1325 livingc1330 thrifta1350 fanging1493 thrive1592 stipend1605 censea1637 revenue1653 private income1725 establishment1726 take1937 a1637 B. Jonson Timber 2205 in Wks. (1640) III A man, whose estate and cense as senses, you are familiar with. 1650 C. Elderfield Civil Right Tythes 298 A person of cense and possession. 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 290 More resplendent in their robes, then others of a larger cense. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021). censev.¹ Brit. /sɛns/, U.S. /sɛns/ Forms: Middle English–1500s sense, Middle English scence, Middle English–1500s sence, Middle English– cense, 1500s sainse, 1600s sens. Etymology: < cense n.¹ (Old French cense ), or shortened (in English or French) < incense v.¹French encenser. 1. a. transitive. To perfume with odours from burning incense; to burn incense before, offer incense to; esp. by way of worship or honour. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)] > cense sterec1000 incense1303 smeeka1382 thurifyc1400 censec1405 thuriblec1440 censer1625 society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense > perfume with or burn incense before person rechela1200 incense1303 thurifyc1400 censec1405 becensea1622 fume1641 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 155 This Absolon..Gooth with a sencer on the haliday Sensynge the wyues of the parisshe faste. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 49 In the temple..hem to scence bothe clene and pure. 1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 53^v We haue sainsed thy saincts, we haue..honored thy Crosse. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 309 b To cense them with Frankencense. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 59 With..sensers to sense the Kinge and Queene as they rode by them. 1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. 17 He was censed in his Cratch by the Wise-men of the East. a1685 Funeral in Popish Times in H. Gilbert Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) i. 33 Att the West dore of the Church, A prælat shall sens the Corps. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 445 The Salii sing; and cense his Altars round With Saban Smoke. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 18 Apr. (1965) I. 348 2 slaves kneeling cens'd my Hair, Cloaths, and Handkerchief. 1811 H. Martyn in J. Sargent Life & Lett. H. Martyn (1881) 289 The priest..at the time of incense censed me four times. 1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxxviii, in Monthly Packet July 28 Mary in the meantime had a dirge and requiem performed for her brother in her private chapel in the Tower, where it is said one of her chaplains thrust aside a married clergyman who was about to cense the Queen. figurative.1881 E. Purcell in Academy 22 Jan. 56 The reverent adulation with which the authoress censes her she-Ritualist. b. transferred. To fill as with the smoke of incense. ΚΠ 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Sept. 4/2 Clouds waving, dreamily cense the air continually. 2. intransitive. To burn or offer incense. Cf. censing n.¹, censing adj. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > emit fragrance [verb (intransitive)] > cense sterec1000 censec1440 society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (intransitive)] > burn incense incensec1386 censec1440 thurifyc1440 censer1625 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 66 Censyn or caste þe sensere, thurifico. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 169 It is not leeful and expedient that men knele..or cense bifore hem. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 171/2 That they shold sacrefyse and sence tofore the goddes. 1570 J. Foxe tr. Frederick II Epist. in Actes & Monuments (rev. ed.) I. 385/2 He..would cense, not with the incense of grief and hatred, but with the sweeete smellying incense of concorde and vnitie. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xii. 617 The man that cens'd at Vespers. 1732 D. Neal Hist. Puritans I. 34 Censing and kneeling before them [images] is allowed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † censev.² Forms: Also 1600s sense. Etymology: < Latin censēre to estimate, rate, assess, be of opinion, etc. Compare cense n.² Obsolete. 1. transitive. To judge, estimate, reckon. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] talec897 ween971 takec1175 weigha1200 deem?c1225 judge?c1225 guessc1330 reta1382 accounta1387 aretc1386 assize1393 consider1398 ponder?a1400 adjudgec1440 reckonc1440 peisec1460 ponderate?a1475 poisea1483 trutinate1528 steem1535 rate?1555 sense1564 compute1604 censure1605 cast1606 cense1606 estimate1651 audit1655 state1671 balance1692 esteem1711 appraise1823 figure1854 tally1860 revalue1894 lowball1973 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. To Rdr. 330 And most—what but for Nods doe cense Saints, senselesse of more Recompence. 1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood i. vi. 54 The sonnes..are not sensed and reputed to be noble [Fr. ne sont censez et reputez Nobles]. 1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ Pref. 1 The Ministery, whose honor and maintenance I have ever sensed to be very much of the interest of Religion. 1697 J. Evelyn Numismata ii. 21 The Saracens (who likewise are to be censed among the Barbarous). 2. To take a census of, assess. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > fix amount of tax > fix amount due from (a person or people) stend1402 stentc1440 sess1475 assess1495 set1521 censea1719 a1719 J. Addison Evid. Christian Relig. ii. ii Augustus Caesar had ordered the whole Empire to be censed or taxed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹a1382n.²1458v.¹c1405v.²1606
随便看	drossard drossart drossel drosser drosses drossfull drossier drossiest drossiness drossinesses drossless drossrich drossy drosty drotchell drote droter droting drotingly drought drought-affected drought-numen drought-parched drought-proof drought-resistant

† censen.1

† censen.2

censev.1

† censev.2

† censen.¹

† censen.²

censev.¹

† censev.²