adumbratev.

Brit.

/ˈadʌmbreɪt/,

/ˈadəmbreɪt/,

/əˈdʌmbreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈædəmˌbreɪt/,

/əˈdəmˌbreɪt/

Forms: 1500s adumbrat (Scottish, past participle), 1500s– adumbrate, 1600s adumberate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin adumbrāt-, adumbrāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin adumbrāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of adumbrāre to shade, cover, to obscure, to depict in light and shade, to sketch, to outline, to feign, counterfeit, in post-classical Latin also to symbolize (6th cent.) < ad- ad- prefix + umbrāre umber v.¹ Compare slightly earlier adumber v. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.In past participle adumbrat after classical Latin adumbrātus, past participle of adumbrāre. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ădɒ·mbreⁱt) /əˈdʌmbreɪt/.

1. transitive. Originally Theology. To represent beforehand by a figure or type; to be an early indication or version of; to foreshadow. Also: to symbolize.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > [verb (transitive)] > of the representation

representc1450

describea1536

adumbrate1537

fashion1590

to figure for1596

depaint1598

maintain1598

depicture1650

depict1871

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)]

forecomea1300

to say beforec1384

signifyc1384

pretendc1425

prefigurec1429

preostendc1429

prefigurate1530

adumbrate1537

promise1556

premonstrate1562

foresignify1565

presignify1570

shadow1574

foreshadow1577

presage1583

fore-run1590

presign1590

fore-read1591

figure1595

type forth, out1596

fore-point1601

foreshow1601

prophesy1608

foretella1616

foretypea1618

forebode1656

harbingera1657

pretypify1658

pretype1659

forespeak1667

to figure out1721

forecast1883

favour1887

precourse1888

precursea1892

society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)]

token971

to stand for ——a1387

presentc1390

discern?a1439

liken?c1450

adumbrate1537

figurate?1548

character1555

shadow1574

shade1591

characterize1594

symbolize1603

hieroglyphic1615

personatea1616

modelizea1628

similize1646

symptom1648

express1649

signaturize1669

image1778

embryo1831

symbol1832

1537 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus Comparation Vyrgin & Martyr f. 23^v You as fore runners, dydde adumbrate Christis passion.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 147 Abolished by the glorie of Christ, whose death and passion they [sc. burnt offerings] did adumbrate.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xxvi. 181 The Griffon..will neuer be taken aliue; wherein hee doth Adumbrate or rather liuely set forth the propertie of a valorous Souldier.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV i. ii. vi. 72 Noah..is adumbrated to us, not only in Saturne, but also in Prometheus.

1713 G. Hickes Coll. Serm. II. xiv. 259 Things and Persons under the Old Testament, did typify and adumbrate Things and Persons under the New.

1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 63. 502 The clustering manner in which they hang from their luxuriant branches adumbrates the numerousness and concord of his royal offspring.

1848 P. H. Myers First of Knickerbockers xiv. 143 The fountain in the desert—the flower on the heath—a star in the clouded sky; these are its images, and its types, as far as mortal objects can adumbrate immortality.

1872 H. Macmillan True Vine i. 32 What qualities in Christ are adumbrated by the vine?

1919 Amer. Catholic Q. Rev. July 360 German expansion and commercial domination was adumbrated by decades in which the cultivation of poetry and the fine arts was the sole title to fame which Germany possessed.

1970 Keats-Shelley Jrnl. 19 7 The wild wind which here appears to be the spirit of mutability..adumbrates the change which must come.

1991 P. Johnson Birth of Mod. 824 There are many respects in which Bentham's industry houses adumbrated the work camps set up in Hitler's Germany and Lenin's Russia over a hundred years later.

2. transitive. To draw or describe in outline; to sketch out; to indicate faintly. In later use also more generally: to describe, state.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > hint at or suggest [verb (transitive)]

inkle1340

induce1481

alludec1487

signifya1535

insinuate1561

to glance at (upon, against)1570

thrust1574

imply1581

adumbrate1589

intimate1590

innuate?1611

glancea1616

ministera1616

perstringea1620

shadow1621

subinduce1640

involve1646

equivocate1648

hint1648

subindicate1654

hint at1697

suggest1697

indicate1751

surmise1820

to get at ——1875

1589 W. Dorke Tipe of Friendship sig. A2 A Figure..more worthie to be purtraied with the cunning pencill of Protogenes, than so dimlie adumbrated with the running penne of Agatharcus.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 128 The forme of Scotland quhilke heir I indifferentlie haue adumbrat.

1651 J. French Art Distillation Ep. Ded. sig. A4^v I crave leave to adumbrate something of that art which I know you will be willing..to promote.

1692 S. Patrick Answer to Touchstone of Reformed Gospel 223 Which is not expressly prepounded..but adumbrated and obscurely indicated.

1725 New Dict. Heraldry 6 When any Figure is born so..obscur'd, as that nothing but the bare Purfile, or (as Painters say) the Out-line is visible, such is said to be adumbrated.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ix. 706 Its duties were very ill defined, or rather not defined at all, but only adumbrated.

1891 P. A. Graham Nature in Bks vi. 167 Neither in paint nor in music nor in words is the most consummate artist able to do more than faintly adumbrate his mental impressions.

1925 G. K. Chesterton Everlasting Man i. vi. 131 There is no more in it than what I have already adumbrated.

1975 N.Y. Mag. 25 Aug. 65/2 There is no room in these pages to do more than adumbrate the scope of such arguments.

2008 Atlantic Monthly July 136/2 The feminine principle makes nonsense of all forms of statecraft, including even the cleverest ones adumbrated in The Prince.

a. transitive. To overshadow; to shade, obscure (literal and figurative). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > obscure

dark?c1400

darken1526

obscure1532

obnebulatec1540

to blur over1581

adumbrate1598

blind1652

mystify1827

darkle1893

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow

beshadea1000

overshadowOE

beshadowc1320

shadowc1384

obumber?1440

obumbrate1531

overdrip1587

overshade1594

inumbrate1623

umbrate1623

overgloom1796

adumbrate1834

sky1840

1598 G. Chapman in C. Marlowe & G. Chapman Hero & Leander (new ed.) sig. H2^v Nor did it couer, but adumbrate onelie Her most heart-piercing parts.

1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ii. iii. 180 The lustre of his good qualities is in some measure adumbrated by certain defects.

1681 Arraignm.,Tryal & Condemnation S. Colledge 41 To adumbrate our Actions, for fear we should be discovered.

1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man I. 307 Real beauty and loveliness, however concealed or disguised, cannot be entirely adumbrated.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. v. 86 [He] was kneeling at the bedside, his nose adumbrating the coverlid of my bed.

1860 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson (rev. ed.) v. 55 The building was adumbrated in the shelter of a huge willow.

1917 North Amer. Student Apr. 304/1 Her [sc. Korea's] political identity is adumbrated by the shadow of Japan.

1979 W. Styron Sophie's Choice vii. 158 Her happy reminiscence of their first days together had..become adumbrated by the consciousness of something else—something troubling, hurtful, sinister.

†b. transitive. To add shading to (a picture) (figurative in quot.). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [verb (transitive)] > shade

adumbrate1599

hatch1605

shadow1612

shade1797

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 75 Whose resplendent laud and honour, to delineate and adumbrate to the ample life, were a woorke that would drinke drie fourscore and eighteene castalian fountaines of eloquence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adumbrate
释义	adumbratev. Brit. /ˈadʌmbreɪt/, /ˈadəmbreɪt/, /əˈdʌmbreɪt/, U.S. /ˈædəmˌbreɪt/, /əˈdəmˌbreɪt/ Forms: 1500s adumbrat (Scottish, past participle), 1500s– adumbrate, 1600s adumberate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin adumbrāt-, adumbrāre. Etymology: < classical Latin adumbrāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of adumbrāre to shade, cover, to obscure, to depict in light and shade, to sketch, to outline, to feign, counterfeit, in post-classical Latin also to symbolize (6th cent.) < ad- ad- prefix + umbrāre umber v.¹ Compare slightly earlier adumber v. and the Romance parallels cited at that entry.In past participle adumbrat after classical Latin adumbrātus, past participle of adumbrāre. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ădɒ·mbreⁱt) /əˈdʌmbreɪt/. 1. transitive. Originally Theology. To represent beforehand by a figure or type; to be an early indication or version of; to foreshadow. Also: to symbolize. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [verb (transitive)] > of the representation representc1450 describea1536 adumbrate1537 fashion1590 to figure for1596 depaint1598 maintain1598 depicture1650 depict1871 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)] forecomea1300 to say beforec1384 signifyc1384 pretendc1425 prefigurec1429 preostendc1429 prefigurate1530 prefigurate1530 adumbrate1537 promise1556 premonstrate1562 foresignify1565 presignify1570 shadow1574 foreshadow1577 presage1583 fore-run1590 presign1590 fore-read1591 figure1595 type forth, out1596 fore-point1601 foreshow1601 prophesy1608 foretella1616 foretypea1618 forebode1656 harbingera1657 pretypify1658 pretype1659 forespeak1667 to figure out1721 forecast1883 favour1887 precourse1888 precursea1892 society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)] token971 to stand for ——a1387 presentc1390 discern?a1439 liken?c1450 adumbrate1537 figurate?1548 character1555 shadow1574 shade1591 characterize1594 symbolize1603 hieroglyphic1615 personatea1616 modelizea1628 similize1646 symptom1648 express1649 signaturize1669 image1778 embryo1831 symbol1832 1537 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus Comparation Vyrgin & Martyr f. 23^v You as fore runners, dydde adumbrate Christis passion. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 147 Abolished by the glorie of Christ, whose death and passion they [sc. burnt offerings] did adumbrate. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xxvi. 181 The Griffon..will neuer be taken aliue; wherein hee doth Adumbrate or rather liuely set forth the propertie of a valorous Souldier. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV i. ii. vi. 72 Noah..is adumbrated to us, not only in Saturne, but also in Prometheus. 1713 G. Hickes Coll. Serm. II. xiv. 259 Things and Persons under the Old Testament, did typify and adumbrate Things and Persons under the New. 1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 63. 502 The clustering manner in which they hang from their luxuriant branches adumbrates the numerousness and concord of his royal offspring. 1848 P. H. Myers First of Knickerbockers xiv. 143 The fountain in the desert—the flower on the heath—a star in the clouded sky; these are its images, and its types, as far as mortal objects can adumbrate immortality. 1872 H. Macmillan True Vine i. 32 What qualities in Christ are adumbrated by the vine? 1919 Amer. Catholic Q. Rev. July 360 German expansion and commercial domination was adumbrated by decades in which the cultivation of poetry and the fine arts was the sole title to fame which Germany possessed. 1970 Keats-Shelley Jrnl. 19 7 The wild wind which here appears to be the spirit of mutability..adumbrates the change which must come. 1991 P. Johnson Birth of Mod. 824 There are many respects in which Bentham's industry houses adumbrated the work camps set up in Hitler's Germany and Lenin's Russia over a hundred years later. 2. transitive. To draw or describe in outline; to sketch out; to indicate faintly. In later use also more generally: to describe, state. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > hint at or suggest [verb (transitive)] inkle1340 induce1481 alludec1487 signifya1535 insinuate1561 to glance at (upon, against)1570 thrust1574 imply1581 adumbrate1589 intimate1590 innuate?1611 glancea1616 ministera1616 perstringea1620 shadow1621 subinduce1640 involve1646 equivocate1648 hint1648 subindicate1654 hint at1697 suggest1697 indicate1751 surmise1820 to get at ——1875 1589 W. Dorke Tipe of Friendship sig. A2 A Figure..more worthie to be purtraied with the cunning pencill of Protogenes, than so dimlie adumbrated with the running penne of Agatharcus. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 128 The forme of Scotland quhilke heir I indifferentlie haue adumbrat. 1651 J. French Art Distillation Ep. Ded. sig. A4^v I crave leave to adumbrate something of that art which I know you will be willing..to promote. 1692 S. Patrick Answer to Touchstone of Reformed Gospel 223 Which is not expressly prepounded..but adumbrated and obscurely indicated. 1725 New Dict. Heraldry 6 When any Figure is born so..obscur'd, as that nothing but the bare Purfile, or (as Painters say) the Out-line is visible, such is said to be adumbrated. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ix. 706 Its duties were very ill defined, or rather not defined at all, but only adumbrated. 1891 P. A. Graham Nature in Bks vi. 167 Neither in paint nor in music nor in words is the most consummate artist able to do more than faintly adumbrate his mental impressions. 1925 G. K. Chesterton Everlasting Man i. vi. 131 There is no more in it than what I have already adumbrated. 1975 N.Y. Mag. 25 Aug. 65/2 There is no room in these pages to do more than adumbrate the scope of such arguments. 2008 Atlantic Monthly July 136/2 The feminine principle makes nonsense of all forms of statecraft, including even the cleverest ones adumbrated in The Prince. 3. a. transitive. To overshadow; to shade, obscure (literal and figurative). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > obscure dark?c1400 darken1526 obscure1532 obnebulatec1540 to blur over1581 adumbrate1598 blind1652 mystify1827 darkle1893 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow beshadea1000 overshadowOE beshadowc1320 shadowc1384 obumber?1440 obumbrate1531 overdrip1587 overshade1594 inumbrate1623 umbrate1623 overgloom1796 adumbrate1834 sky1840 1598 G. Chapman in C. Marlowe & G. Chapman Hero & Leander (new ed.) sig. H2^v Nor did it couer, but adumbrate onelie Her most heart-piercing parts. 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ii. iii. 180 The lustre of his good qualities is in some measure adumbrated by certain defects. 1681 Arraignm.,Tryal & Condemnation S. Colledge 41 To adumbrate our Actions, for fear we should be discovered. 1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man I. 307 Real beauty and loveliness, however concealed or disguised, cannot be entirely adumbrated. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. v. 86 [He] was kneeling at the bedside, his nose adumbrating the coverlid of my bed. 1860 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson (rev. ed.) v. 55 The building was adumbrated in the shelter of a huge willow. 1917 North Amer. Student Apr. 304/1 Her [sc. Korea's] political identity is adumbrated by the shadow of Japan. 1979 W. Styron Sophie's Choice vii. 158 Her happy reminiscence of their first days together had..become adumbrated by the consciousness of something else—something troubling, hurtful, sinister. †b. transitive. To add shading to (a picture) (figurative in quot.). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [verb (transitive)] > shade adumbrate1599 hatch1605 shadow1612 shade1797 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 75 Whose resplendent laud and honour, to delineate and adumbrate to the ample life, were a woorke that would drinke drie fourscore and eighteene castalian fountaines of eloquence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.1537
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