case-hardeningn.

Brit.

/ˈkeɪsˌhɑːdnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈkeɪsˌhɑrd(ə)nɪŋ/

Forms: see case-harden v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: case-harden v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < case-harden v. + -ing suffix¹.

a. A procedure or process by which the surface layer of iron or steel is hardened while the underlying metal remains unaltered, as by heating in a suitable environment followed by quenching.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > other types of hardening

case-hardening1666

precipitation hardening1926

martempering1943

shot-peening1944

marquenching1947

1666 R. Hooke Minute 21 Mar. (Hooke Folio Online) 50 (Hardning tooles for cutting porphury in Distilld water of Branca vrsina or Bears breech). case hardning done by hoofs soot & bay-salt.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 54 The manner of Case-hardning is thus. Take Cow-horn or Hoof, [etc.].

1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 278 (heading) A Receipt for Case-hardening.

1773 H. Horne Ess. Iron & Steel 108 The materials may, for any thing I know to the contrary, answer very well for the purpose of case-hardening.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 8 The depth of the steel induced by case-hardening.

1866 D. Livingstone Jrnl. (1873) I. iv. 89 They are unacquainted with the process of case-hardening.

1914 R.H. Grant Manuf. Steel Balls (‘Machinery’ Ref. Bk. No. 116) ii. 36 The largest balls are heated for hardening by being placed on the tiling of a regular casehardening furnace.

2003 W. Gurstelle Building Bots xi. 123 Case hardening, annealing, tempering, and normalizing are examples of thermal processes used to make metals harder, softer, ductile, or tougher.

b. More widely: the hardening of the outer layer of something; the production or acquisition of a hardened or indurated outer layer (as in wood or rock). Also: an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1917 H. D. Tiemann Kiln Drying Lumber 5 Many woods..seldom air dry without great losses in warping, checking, case hardening, and honeycombing.

1932 Rep. Comm. Sedimentation 1930–32 (Nat. Res. Council) 16 This with some rocks giving rise to case hardening and with others to desert varnish.

1943 Commerc. Dehydration Veg. & Fruits in Wartime (U.S Dept. Agric.) 13 Too rapid drying may result in the formation of an impervious surface, with moisture trapped inside. This condition, called case-hardening, is more likely to occur with fruits than with vegetables.

1965 Symp. Needs for Nondestructive Testing in Forest Products Industries (U.S Dept. Agric.) 34 Such stresses are similar in nature to case-hardening stresses that occur in kiln-dried wood.

2012 Geomorphology 177–8 189/2 Case hardening in Apolena area consists of a 0.5–1 mm-thick zone of sandstone.

2. The action of making callous, inured, or indifferent; the process of becoming case-hardened.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness > becoming hard or callous

astonying1607

hardeninga1640

case-hardening1681

searing1720

ossification1820

1681 T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens 5 Apr. (1713) I. 68 Some Rules for Case-hardening of tender Consciences in point of Rebelling against Princes.

1813 W. Scott Let. 12 Sept. (1932) III. 357 A few years of..oppression would bring us back to the same case-hardening both in body and sentiment.

1861 T. Taylor Up at Hills ii. 40 Slack. I don't know that—I'm not quite so sensitive as I was. Stoni. I'm glad of that; you wanted casehardening—and now I look at you, you are amazingly improved.

1896 L. Stephens Social Rights & Duties II. 179 He does not get that case-hardening which is administered to the statesman by the opposition orator.

1959 R. B. Hovey John Jay Chapman iv. 71 The weariness and casehardening of the older man's idealism, Chapman felt, explained their disagreement.

2011 Star (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 17 Aug. 6 She wanted to avoid what she called ‘case hardening’, where tensions spiral and trust is eroded to the point that lawyers are called in.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	case-hardening
释义	case-hardeningn. Brit. /ˈkeɪsˌhɑːdnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkeɪsˌhɑrd(ə)nɪŋ/ Forms: see case-harden v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: case-harden v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < case-harden v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. A procedure or process by which the surface layer of iron or steel is hardened while the underlying metal remains unaltered, as by heating in a suitable environment followed by quenching. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > other types of hardening case-hardening1666 precipitation hardening1926 martempering1943 shot-peening1944 marquenching1947 1666 R. Hooke Minute 21 Mar. (Hooke Folio Online) 50 (Hardning tooles for cutting porphury in Distilld water of Branca vrsina or Bears breech). case hardning done by hoofs soot & bay-salt. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 54 The manner of Case-hardning is thus. Take Cow-horn or Hoof, [etc.]. 1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 278 (heading) A Receipt for Case-hardening. 1773 H. Horne Ess. Iron & Steel 108 The materials may, for any thing I know to the contrary, answer very well for the purpose of case-hardening. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 8 The depth of the steel induced by case-hardening. 1866 D. Livingstone Jrnl. (1873) I. iv. 89 They are unacquainted with the process of case-hardening. 1914 R.H. Grant Manuf. Steel Balls (‘Machinery’ Ref. Bk. No. 116) ii. 36 The largest balls are heated for hardening by being placed on the tiling of a regular casehardening furnace. 2003 W. Gurstelle Building Bots xi. 123 Case hardening, annealing, tempering, and normalizing are examples of thermal processes used to make metals harder, softer, ductile, or tougher. b. More widely: the hardening of the outer layer of something; the production or acquisition of a hardened or indurated outer layer (as in wood or rock). Also: an instance of this. ΚΠ 1917 H. D. Tiemann Kiln Drying Lumber 5 Many woods..seldom air dry without great losses in warping, checking, case hardening, and honeycombing. 1932 Rep. Comm. Sedimentation 1930–32 (Nat. Res. Council) 16 This with some rocks giving rise to case hardening and with others to desert varnish. 1943 Commerc. Dehydration Veg. & Fruits in Wartime (U.S Dept. Agric.) 13 Too rapid drying may result in the formation of an impervious surface, with moisture trapped inside. This condition, called case-hardening, is more likely to occur with fruits than with vegetables. 1965 Symp. Needs for Nondestructive Testing in Forest Products Industries (U.S Dept. Agric.) 34 Such stresses are similar in nature to case-hardening stresses that occur in kiln-dried wood. 2012 Geomorphology 177–8 189/2 Case hardening in Apolena area consists of a 0.5–1 mm-thick zone of sandstone. 2. The action of making callous, inured, or indifferent; the process of becoming case-hardened. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > callousness or hard-heartedness > becoming hard or callous astonying1607 hardeninga1640 case-hardening1681 searing1720 ossification1820 1681 T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens 5 Apr. (1713) I. 68 Some Rules for Case-hardening of tender Consciences in point of Rebelling against Princes. 1813 W. Scott Let. 12 Sept. (1932) III. 357 A few years of..oppression would bring us back to the same case-hardening both in body and sentiment. 1861 T. Taylor Up at Hills ii. 40 Slack. I don't know that—I'm not quite so sensitive as I was. Stoni. I'm glad of that; you wanted casehardening—and now I look at you, you are amazingly improved. 1896 L. Stephens Social Rights & Duties II. 179 He does not get that case-hardening which is administered to the statesman by the opposition orator. 1959 R. B. Hovey John Jay Chapman iv. 71 The weariness and casehardening of the older man's idealism, Chapman felt, explained their disagreement. 2011 Star (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 17 Aug. 6 She wanted to avoid what she called ‘case hardening’, where tensions spiral and trust is eroded to the point that lawyers are called in. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1666
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