ⓘ Originally: an undue or excessive increase in prices, credit, the amount of money circulating, etc. Later (as a mass noun): increase in the…

a cycle of alternating periods of economic growth and recession; cf. trade cycle n. at trade, n. adv.compounds 3, business cycle n. at business, n.…

Economics. The process or fact of returning to an improved economic or financial condition, esp. on the part of a country or its economy; economic…

Chiefly in form downdraft. A depressing economic force or influence; (in weakened use) a decline in economic activity or the value of a stock, a…

competition in which all elements of monopoly are absent and the market price of a commodity is beyond the control of individual buyers and sellers.

A decline, esp. in economic or business activity; a fall in rate or value. Cf. upturn, n. 3.

Economics. With reference to prices, a market, etc.: a state of or tendency towards depression. Cf. soft, adj. 26b.

transferred. A sudden or heavy decline or falling off; a collapse. spec. in Economics, a sharp or sudden decline in trade or business, usually…

Esp. with reference to economic activity: a downward trend; a decline in value or amount.

Commerce. A decline in price, in a business, or in a programme of development.

Insufficient consumption; a demand for goods and services exceeded by supply or insufficient to call forth the full potential supply. Cf. overprodu…

Economics. A period of economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.

Finance. A downward trend; a decrease or decline in price, level, or number.

the condition or fact of economic decline; a period during which trade and industrial activity are reduced (sometimes specifically identified by a…

figurative (chiefly Economics). A period of rapid or unexpected decline; a sharp or sudden downturn.

Economics. Slowness in reacting to altered conditions; resistance to change. Cf. sticky, adj.2 5b.

Economics. The lowest level of economic activity or prosperity reached during a recession.

The action or process of deflating currency; an economic situation characterized by a rise in the value of money and a fall in prices, wages, and…

A decline or downward trend (esp. as part of a cycle of fluctuation); a downturn.

An economic recession; a decline in growth, productivity, or demand.

Economics. With singular or plural agreement. A progressive divergence between two kinds of price or income. Frequently in price scissors.

a period of economic instability in the Soviet Union from 1922–4 in which industrial and agricultural prices diverged drastically, resulting in a…

An upward tendency; spec. in Economics, a rise in value over a period of time.

The reversing or countering of deflation (deflation, n. 3); spec. (a) (occasionally) the restoration of currency or prices to pre-deflation levels…

= depression, n. 5.

Economics. An upward movement or trend in economic conditions; a (period of) improvement in trading activity. Frequently in adverbial phrase on the up…

figurative. Unhealthy absence of activity, energy, etc. Also spec. in Economics, an absence or low rate of growth.

An economic change or trend stimulated, esp. by a government, to mitigate or compensate for the effects of fluctuations in business or in the…

A situation in which a particular set of financial factors causes or threatens sudden and severe economic decline.

= downturn, n.

A state of the economy in which stagnant demand is accompanied by severe inflation.

Economics. A situation in which economic growth slows and prices are stabilized, typically after a period of excess demand and inflation, without…

A state of economic depression in which decreasing output and employment in industry are accompanied by increasing inflation.

A downward trend, esp. in business or the economy.