cawn.²

Brit.

/kɔː/, U.S.

/kɔ/,

/kɑ/, Scottish English

/kɔ/

Forms: 1700s–1800s caw, 1800s ca.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: caw v.²

Etymology: Apparently < caw v.²

Scottish and English regional (northern). Now rare.

Gasping, laboured respiration; a gasping, laboured breath. Sc. National Dict. (at Ca' n.¹) records this word as known to a correspondent in Banffshire in 1938.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > noisy breathing

caw1765

stertor1849

cogged-wheel breathing1881

sibilus1887

1765 Trial K. Nairn & P. Ogilvie 83 There was a severe heaving at his breast, and a strong caw, and he cried to keep open the windows to give him breath.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Ca, Caw, quick and oppressive respiration; as, ‘He has a great caw at his breast.’

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. at Caw One can hear his caws all over the house.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cawv.¹

Brit.

/kɔː/, U.S.

/kɔ/,

/kɑ/

Forms: 1500s–1600s kaw, 1500s– caw.

Origin: An imitative or expressive formation.

Etymology: Imitative of the call of a crow, rook, raven, etc. Compare caw int., caw n.¹

1. intransitive. Of a crow, rook, raven, or other bird: to make its characteristic harsh sound; to utter a caw or caws.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of crow)

cackle?c1225

cawa1586

kaak1606

crawa1658

a1586 [implied in: Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. Hh6 When with the kawing crowes their musicke is annoide. (at cawing adj.)].

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 22 Russet pated choughes..(Rysing, and cawing, at the gunnes report).

1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 125 Jack-Daws..kawing and fluttering about the Nest.

1738 London Mag. June 300/1 Both [rooks] sat fluttering with their Wings, and cawing in a piteous Tone.

1776 Spectator 2 126 The rooks and crows..seem to be cawing in another region.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 195 The rooks cawed from the..tree tops.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iii. 248 They did not cluster on the tree-tops, close Their sooty ranks, caw and confabulate For nothing.

1926 S. T. Warner Lolly Willowes iii. 203 The rooks flew up cawing from the wood.

1959 S. Plath Jrnl. 25 Sept. (2000) 508 My flesh crawls. Sun pure through spaces of pines, bright on needles. Crows caw. Birds warble.

2005 T. Hall Salaam Brick Lane vi. 133 A circling seagull cawed overhead.

2. intransitive. Of a person: to make a harsh sound likened to that of a crow, rook, raven, etc.; to talk loudly or foolishly. Chiefly in similative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > sounds like animal or bird sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > caw

caw1589

1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet sig. Eij^v Like dawes, you will be cawing a bout Churches.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. ii. 76 Men can..cry like Storkes, caw like a Crow, and crow like a Cocke, [etc.].

1735 London Mag. Sept. 500/1 There are some of so voracious an Appetite, that all these will not satisfy them, but they are eternally cawing, like Ravens, for more.

1756 J. Wesley Jrnl. 25 July in Wks. (1872) II. 381 He cawed and cawed, but could utter nothing, hardly three words together.

1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys II. ii. 30 That pompous fool—who sits and caws in that dingy book-room of his, with as much wise self-confidence as an antiquated raven.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 2/1 The wife for Charles must neither croak nor caw through her nose.

1955 ‘R. West’ Train of Powder 140 Their eyes glittered among their wrinkles as they cawed together like crows and hurled the trolleys along.

2008 Independent 13 Oct. (Life section) 4/3 I glance around and catch sight of two rookeries of cross-legged ironists, cawing around tepid cafetieres. These are unmistakably teachers.

3. transitive. Of a person: to utter or express (esp. something foolish or trivial) with a harsh sound likened to that of a crow, rook, raven, etc.; to utter in a grating or prattling manner. Also of a bird: to utter with a caw or caws. Frequently with out.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > throatily or harshly

jangle1377

brayc1400

out-braya1561

yawp1567

throttle1582

swoop1605

throat?1611

caw1616

gargle1635

snarl1693

growl1759

croak1791

rasp1877

to grind out1889

grate1921

1616 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 323 [Thou] Hoarsly crow-like caw'st out some idle thing.

1683 T. Wood Juvenalis Redivivus 22 Then noisie..Jack-daw Jen—s preach thy worth, And Kaw, and Kaw thy goodly Doctrines forth.

1720 D. Campbell in Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell Ep. Ded. p. xviii An ignorant Fellow that kaws out strange Predictions in Crow-Alley, of whose croaking Noise I shall here take no notice.

1858 Harper's Mag. Mar. 536/1 And the rooks came home cawing their even song.

1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. ix. 213 Purity's aged grannams maternal and paternal, cawing approval of her over their munching gums.

1895 J. Mackie Sinners Twain xvii. 191 ‘Ha—a, ha—a!’ cawed the old reprobate up on the dead limb.

1914 ‘M. Corelli’ Innocent i. v. 92 All on a suddint-like they starts cawing gossip for all they're worth, like crows.

1986 Hudson Rev. 39 100 Each crow, as the flock passed above me, cawed out its warning.

1999 J. Harris Chocolat (2000) xv. 119 She cawed laughter. She sounded shrill and keyed-up, her crabbed hands unsteady.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† cawv.²

Forms: 1600s–1700s kaw, 1800s caw.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation. Etymon: call v.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps (i) an extended sense of call v., showing vocalization of -l- , or perhaps (ii) imitative of the rasping sound of laboured breathing or gasping (compare caw v.¹). Compare caw n.²

Obsolete (English regional (chiefly northern) in later use).

intransitive. To breathe with difficulty; to gasp for breath.

ΚΠ

1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Kaw for breath, ægré Spiritum ducere.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Kaw, to fetch one's Breath with much difficulty, to gape for Breath.

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. at Caw He does nought but caw.

1890 J. Brown Literae Laureatae 82 They dragged him through his wat'ry bed, He keb'd and caw'd.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cawint.n.¹

Brit.

/kɔː/, U.S.

/kɔ/,

/kɑ/

Forms: 1500s– caw, 1600s kaw. Forms with a or w occurring two or more times are also attested.

Origin: An imitative or expressive formation.

Etymology: Imitative of the call of a crow, rook, raven, etc. Compare caw v.¹ With use as noun compare earlier cawing n., cawation n.

A. int.

Representing the characteristic harsh call of a crow, rook, raven, or other bird, or a sound resembling this. Frequently reduplicated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [interjection] > sound made by

caw1595

squaba1625

1595 A. Copley Wits Fittes & Fancies v. 136 A Crow in a tree cri'd Kaw, kaw.

a1612 J. Harington Epigrams (1615) sig. D3 A Crow, that lighted on the raile by Fortune, Stood becking, and cry'd kaw with noyse importune.

1640 Cawwood the Rooke iii. sig. B3^v I am no Iackedaw, Nor house Crow that crieth Caw.

1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode v. ii. 95 Methinks I hear the hateful noise Of Rooks already—Kaw—Kaw—Kaw.

1782 W. Cowper Jackdaw in Poems 338 Church, army, physic, law..Are no concern at all of his, And says, what says he? Caw.

1797 G. Colman My Night-gown 11 The hoarse Crow croak'd ‘caw! caw! caw!’

a1864 R. S. Surtees Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (1865) xxxiv. 157 ‘Yow! yow! yap!’ went the bustling hounds. ‘Caw! caw! caw!’ went the birds.

1874 E. B. Pusey Lenten Serm. 138 A monotonous, caw-caw repetition of the same lie.

1914 M. F. Blaisdell Pretty Polly Flinders 78 One little crow said to the other, ‘Let's call for our mother.’.. ‘Caw, caw, caw!’ they said, as loud as they could.

1993 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 Aug. a6 ‘Creee! Creee!’ ‘Caaaw! Caaaw!’ The red-tailed hawk and the crow are going at it again, flapping at each other way over my head in the cloudy Oregon sky.

1997 J. Daugharty Earl in Yellow Shirt 90 A flock of crows is scouting over the hickories in the slew, going caw caw caw when they spot me.

B. n.¹

The characteristic harsh call of a crow, rook, raven, or other bird.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > sound made by

cawing1613

caw?1661

kae1850

?1661 W. N. et al. 2nd Pt. Merry Drollery 95 Three skreeches of an Owl, four kaws of a Jackdaw.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 lxxxvii. 23 The dastard Crow..With her loud Kaws her Craven kind does bring.

1763 Crit. Rev. Dec. 452 At a small distance was a rookery; the..melancholy caw of the black inhabitants, pleased Miss Fortescue extremely.

1789 Eaton (Cheshire) Chron. 6 Sept. 57 At length the axe disturb'd the caws Of noisy magpies, rooks, and daws.

1820 J. Keats Fancy in Lamia & Other Poems 124 Rooks, with busy caw, Foraging for sticks and straw.

1878 J. Buller Forty Years N.Z. i. 17 The song of the lark, the caw of the rook.

1912 Pop. Mech. July 50/2 The teacher allows the bird in the school, since, if she kept it out, its caws as it fluttered around the schoolhouse would disturb the other children.

1952 T. Bankhead Tallulah xiv. 287 My first word sounded like the caw of a crow.

2006 Saltscapes (Canada) May 24/2 Crows have a wide range of caws and a rattle-call, but ravens have as many as 64 different calls.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.²1765

v.¹a1586

v.²1671

int.n.¹1595

单词	caw
释义	cawn.² Brit. /kɔː/, U.S. /kɔ/, /kɑ/, Scottish English /kɔ/ Forms: 1700s–1800s caw, 1800s ca. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: caw v.² Etymology: Apparently < caw v.² Scottish and English regional (northern). Now rare. Gasping, laboured respiration; a gasping, laboured breath. Sc. National Dict. (at Ca' n.¹) records this word as known to a correspondent in Banffshire in 1938. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > noisy breathing caw1765 stertor1849 cogged-wheel breathing1881 sibilus1887 1765 Trial K. Nairn & P. Ogilvie 83 There was a severe heaving at his breast, and a strong caw, and he cried to keep open the windows to give him breath. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Ca, Caw, quick and oppressive respiration; as, ‘He has a great caw at his breast.’ 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. at Caw One can hear his caws all over the house. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cawv.¹ Brit. /kɔː/, U.S. /kɔ/, /kɑ/ Forms: 1500s–1600s kaw, 1500s– caw. Origin: An imitative or expressive formation. Etymology: Imitative of the call of a crow, rook, raven, etc. Compare caw int., caw n.¹ 1. intransitive. Of a crow, rook, raven, or other bird: to make its characteristic harsh sound; to utter a caw or caws. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of crow) cackle?c1225 cawa1586 kaak1606 crawa1658 a1586 [implied in: Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. Hh6 When with the kawing crowes their musicke is annoide. (at cawing adj.)]. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 22 Russet pated choughes..(Rysing, and cawing, at the gunnes report). View more context for this quotation 1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 125 Jack-Daws..kawing and fluttering about the Nest. 1738 London Mag. June 300/1 Both [rooks] sat fluttering with their Wings, and cawing in a piteous Tone. 1776 Spectator 2 126 The rooks and crows..seem to be cawing in another region. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 195 The rooks cawed from the..tree tops. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iii. 248 They did not cluster on the tree-tops, close Their sooty ranks, caw and confabulate For nothing. 1926 S. T. Warner Lolly Willowes iii. 203 The rooks flew up cawing from the wood. 1959 S. Plath Jrnl. 25 Sept. (2000) 508 My flesh crawls. Sun pure through spaces of pines, bright on needles. Crows caw. Birds warble. 2005 T. Hall Salaam Brick Lane vi. 133 A circling seagull cawed overhead. 2. intransitive. Of a person: to make a harsh sound likened to that of a crow, rook, raven, etc.; to talk loudly or foolishly. Chiefly in similative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > sounds like animal or bird sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > caw caw1589 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet sig. Eij^v Like dawes, you will be cawing a bout Churches. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. ii. 76 Men can..cry like Storkes, caw like a Crow, and crow like a Cocke, [etc.]. 1735 London Mag. Sept. 500/1 There are some of so voracious an Appetite, that all these will not satisfy them, but they are eternally cawing, like Ravens, for more. 1756 J. Wesley Jrnl. 25 July in Wks. (1872) II. 381 He cawed and cawed, but could utter nothing, hardly three words together. 1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys II. ii. 30 That pompous fool—who sits and caws in that dingy book-room of his, with as much wise self-confidence as an antiquated raven. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 2/1 The wife for Charles must neither croak nor caw through her nose. 1955 ‘R. West’ Train of Powder 140 Their eyes glittered among their wrinkles as they cawed together like crows and hurled the trolleys along. 2008 Independent 13 Oct. (Life section) 4/3 I glance around and catch sight of two rookeries of cross-legged ironists, cawing around tepid cafetieres. These are unmistakably teachers. 3. transitive. Of a person: to utter or express (esp. something foolish or trivial) with a harsh sound likened to that of a crow, rook, raven, etc.; to utter in a grating or prattling manner. Also of a bird: to utter with a caw or caws. Frequently with out. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > throatily or harshly jangle1377 brayc1400 out-braya1561 yawp1567 throttle1582 swoop1605 throat?1611 caw1616 gargle1635 snarl1693 growl1759 croak1791 rasp1877 to grind out1889 grate1921 1616 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 323 [Thou] Hoarsly crow-like caw'st out some idle thing. 1683 T. Wood Juvenalis Redivivus 22 Then noisie..Jack-daw Jen—s preach thy worth, And Kaw, and Kaw thy goodly Doctrines forth. 1720 D. Campbell in Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell Ep. Ded. p. xviii An ignorant Fellow that kaws out strange Predictions in Crow-Alley, of whose croaking Noise I shall here take no notice. 1858 Harper's Mag. Mar. 536/1 And the rooks came home cawing their even song. 1879 G. Meredith Egoist I. ix. 213 Purity's aged grannams maternal and paternal, cawing approval of her over their munching gums. 1895 J. Mackie Sinners Twain xvii. 191 ‘Ha—a, ha—a!’ cawed the old reprobate up on the dead limb. 1914 ‘M. Corelli’ Innocent i. v. 92 All on a suddint-like they starts cawing gossip for all they're worth, like crows. 1986 Hudson Rev. 39 100 Each crow, as the flock passed above me, cawed out its warning. 1999 J. Harris Chocolat (2000) xv. 119 She cawed laughter. She sounded shrill and keyed-up, her crabbed hands unsteady. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † cawv.² Forms: 1600s–1700s kaw, 1800s caw. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation. Etymon: call v. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps (i) an extended sense of call v., showing vocalization of -l- , or perhaps (ii) imitative of the rasping sound of laboured breathing or gasping (compare caw v.¹). Compare caw n.² Obsolete (English regional (chiefly northern) in later use). intransitive. To breathe with difficulty; to gasp for breath. ΚΠ 1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Kaw for breath, ægré Spiritum ducere. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Kaw, to fetch one's Breath with much difficulty, to gape for Breath. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. at Caw He does nought but caw. 1890 J. Brown Literae Laureatae 82 They dragged him through his wat'ry bed, He keb'd and caw'd. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cawint.n.¹ Brit. /kɔː/, U.S. /kɔ/, /kɑ/ Forms: 1500s– caw, 1600s kaw. Forms with a or w occurring two or more times are also attested. Origin: An imitative or expressive formation. Etymology: Imitative of the call of a crow, rook, raven, etc. Compare caw v.¹ With use as noun compare earlier cawing n., cawation n. A. int. Representing the characteristic harsh call of a crow, rook, raven, or other bird, or a sound resembling this. Frequently reduplicated. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [interjection] > sound made by caw1595 squaba1625 1595 A. Copley Wits Fittes & Fancies v. 136 A Crow in a tree cri'd Kaw, kaw. a1612 J. Harington Epigrams (1615) sig. D3 A Crow, that lighted on the raile by Fortune, Stood becking, and cry'd kaw with noyse importune. 1640 Cawwood the Rooke iii. sig. B3^v I am no Iackedaw, Nor house Crow that crieth Caw. 1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode v. ii. 95 Methinks I hear the hateful noise Of Rooks already—Kaw—Kaw—Kaw. 1782 W. Cowper Jackdaw in Poems 338 Church, army, physic, law..Are no concern at all of his, And says, what says he? Caw. 1797 G. Colman My Night-gown 11 The hoarse Crow croak'd ‘caw! caw! caw!’ a1864 R. S. Surtees Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (1865) xxxiv. 157 ‘Yow! yow! yap!’ went the bustling hounds. ‘Caw! caw! caw!’ went the birds. 1874 E. B. Pusey Lenten Serm. 138 A monotonous, caw-caw repetition of the same lie. 1914 M. F. Blaisdell Pretty Polly Flinders 78 One little crow said to the other, ‘Let's call for our mother.’.. ‘Caw, caw, caw!’ they said, as loud as they could. 1993 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 Aug. a6 ‘Creee! Creee!’ ‘Caaaw! Caaaw!’ The red-tailed hawk and the crow are going at it again, flapping at each other way over my head in the cloudy Oregon sky. 1997 J. Daugharty Earl in Yellow Shirt 90 A flock of crows is scouting over the hickories in the slew, going caw caw caw when they spot me. B. n.¹ The characteristic harsh call of a crow, rook, raven, or other bird. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > sound made by cawing1613 caw?1661 kae1850 ?1661 W. N. et al. 2nd Pt. Merry Drollery 95 Three skreeches of an Owl, four kaws of a Jackdaw. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 lxxxvii. 23 The dastard Crow..With her loud Kaws her Craven kind does bring. 1763 Crit. Rev. Dec. 452 At a small distance was a rookery; the..melancholy caw of the black inhabitants, pleased Miss Fortescue extremely. 1789 Eaton (Cheshire) Chron. 6 Sept. 57 At length the axe disturb'd the caws Of noisy magpies, rooks, and daws. 1820 J. Keats Fancy in Lamia & Other Poems 124 Rooks, with busy caw, Foraging for sticks and straw. 1878 J. Buller Forty Years N.Z. i. 17 The song of the lark, the caw of the rook. 1912 Pop. Mech. July 50/2 The teacher allows the bird in the school, since, if she kept it out, its caws as it fluttered around the schoolhouse would disturb the other children. 1952 T. Bankhead Tallulah xiv. 287 My first word sounded like the caw of a crow. 2006 Saltscapes (Canada) May 24/2 Crows have a wide range of caws and a rattle-call, but ravens have as many as 64 different calls. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.²1765v.¹a1586v.²1671int.n.¹1595
随便看	averring averroism averroist averroistic averruncal averruncate averruncation averruncator avers aversable aversant aversate aversation averse aversed aversely averseness aversenesses averser aversest aversilver aversion aversion therapy aversion treatment aversionist

cawn.2

cawv.1

† cawv.2

cawint.n.1

cawn.²

cawv.¹

† cawv.²

cawint.n.¹