cascaden.
/kaˈskeɪd/, /kəˈskeɪd/, U.S. /kæˈskeɪd/ 1. A waterfall.† b. Formerly in a wider sense.
a. Usually, a small waterfall; esp. one of a series of small falls, formed by water in its descent over rocks, or in the artificial works of the kind introduced in landscape gardening.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > waterfall > [noun] > cascade
cascadec1660
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 71 Divers springs of Water & artificial Cascads.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 315 The Fountains, the Cascatas, the Grottas, the Girandola, and the other rare waterworks.
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 11 The underwork of an artificial cascade.
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi i. App. 50 Springs which form small cascades as they tumble over the cliffs.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xiii. 101 For a quarter of a mile the water comes down in a series of small cascades.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > waterfall > [noun]
linnc975
waterfallOE
fallc1350
spout1534
waterspout1560
overfall1596
force1600
sault1600
watershoot1669
cascade1671
leap1796
chute1805
water wall1847
1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2151 On this side of the Cascata's of the Nile.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 105 A great Cascate or Catarract of the river Rhene.
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. 99 Great spouts or caskades of water.
1718 N. Rowe Ode King's Birth-day vi Volga tumbling in Cascades.
2. transferred and figurative.
a. In general uses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > cascading down
cascading1791
cascade1860
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §2. 20 The ice cascade.
1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iii. 70 Forming a most beautiful and uncommon cascade [of red-hot ashes, etc.].
1878 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 169 Anti-social force that sweeps you down The world in one cascade of molecules.
b. A pyrotechnic device imitating a fall of water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > that forms a shower of sparks
golden rain1629
gold rain1635
cascade1749
rainfall1765
peacock's tail1799
golden shower1839
1749 Descr. Machine for Fireworks 11 On each Side..is a Cascade of twenty-four Feet high, of three Mutations each.
1875 W. H. Browne Art Pyrotechny xii. 118 The chapter will contain instructions for the construction of..brilliant suns, cascades [etc.].
1922 A. St. H. Brock Pyrotechnics v. 128 Cascade..a feature of the Crystal Palace displays.
c. A loose wavy fall or ruffle of lace, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > ruffle or frill
ruff?1523
chitterling1576
hand-ruff1581
peak1591
frislet1607
fall1634
ruffle1659
furbelow1706
flounce1726
Valenciennes1764
ruche1806
ruching1847
volant1851
flouncing1865
balayeuse1882
cascade1882
goffering1889
tier1934
1882 World 21 June 18/1 [The jacket] had a sailor collar..and cascade of lace down the front.
1885 New York Weekly Sun 13 May 6/5 Morning dresses..are made dressy with profuse use of ribbons in bows, flots, cascades.
d. charge by cascade: a method of charging a series of insulated Leyden jars by connecting the outer coating of the first with the knob of the next, and so on; the last outer coating being connected with the ground. Also applied to other electrical devices connected in such a manner that each operates the next one in turn; frequently in in cascade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > apparatus for collection > Leyden jar > method of charging
charge by cascade1866
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > operation of electronic devices > [adjective] > operating next in turn
in cascade1915
1866 R. M. Ferguson Electricity 89 Called the charge by cascade.
1868 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 5 117 We have here a compact form of Leyden battery, arranged for ‘cascade’.
1915 Proc. IRE 3 230 Where a greater amplification than can be obtained with one audion is required, cascade working of the radio frequency systems may be resorted to by coupling two or more audion systems.
1915 Proc. IRE 3 286 The ‘exponential’ method of tuning, involving the use of radio frequency pliotron amplifiers in cascade, is shown to have given remarkable selectivity.
1930 Engineering 7 Mar. 312/3 The two 500,000-volt transformers are connected in cascade to give 1,000,000 volts.
1940 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 44 373 The current control can be carried out..mechanically by means of a special cascade transformer.
1946 Electronic Engin. 18 151 The required high voltage may be obtained..by the use of cascade transformers and rectifiers.
e. spec. Applied to a succession of stages or processes in some operation or event in Physics, Chemistry, etc. Frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical processes (general) > succession of stages in
cascade1902
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 187/1 The method by which we try to obtain successively lower temperatures by making use of successive gases is called the ‘cascade method’.
1937 Nature 13 Nov. 837/2 In the cascade process, showers are built up from the successive conversion of electron energy into radiation, radiation into pair production and then further loss of electron energy to radiation.
1940 Rep. Progr. Physics VI. 65 Hertz has..arranged these in a cascade similar to the cascade used for the diffusion of isotopes through porous walls. Figure 3 shows cascades of three units.
1945 Ann. Reg. 1944 383 Cascade showers are largely initiated by electrons.
1958 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 963/2 Cascade, separation of isotopes by similar successive stages in a process, each stage increasing the concentration of each.
1960 Economist 15 Oct. 268/3 The production method..is to turn the uranium into a gas and filter it through porous membranes through which the lighter uranium 235 passes first. This process works on a ‘cascade’ principle.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. v. 86 The necessary low temperatures are obtained by a ‘cascade’ process involving the pressure liquefaction and evaporation of propane.
f. The practice of relegating stock to successively less exacting uses. See sense 4 of the verb.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > omnibus > relegation of old buses to less exacting use > the practice of
cascade1984
1984 Railway Mag. June 227/2 Refurbishing all the vehicles for the new services has cost just over £2m, which compares with £1m a time for a comparable new e.m.n. The advantages of the cascade principle are thus well demonstrated.
Compounds
cascade-garden n.
ΚΠ
a1667 A. Cowley Of Greatness (1684) 123 Nor vast Parks, nor Fountain, or Cascade-Gardens.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
cascadev.
/kaˈskeɪd/, /kəˈskeɪd/, U.S. /kæˈskeɪd/ 1.
a. intransitive. To fall or pour in a cascade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > cascade down
downpoura1522
shower1595
cascade1702
waterfall1957
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus 70 Wines..Caskading from a mighty Goblet.
1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) II. 218 In the Middle of a large Octagon Piece of Water, stands an Obelisk of near 70 Feet, for a Jet-d'-Eau to cascade from the Top of it.
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §100 The waves cascade through this gap.
1868 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 10) II. ii. xxvi. 34 A much more copious stream of melted matter (part of the current of 1852) had cascaded down the same height and overflowed the plain below.
1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan I. 123 A vigorous mountain torrent cascading its way between rocky walls.
b. transferred. (Cf. cascade n. 2c.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [verb (intransitive)] > hang or sit in specific way
poughc1325
frouncec1400
poke?a1425
to hang by geometry1584
sag1592
bag1824
bustle1824
cascade1861
flare1899
pouch1901
1861 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip xix, in Cornhill Mag. Sept. 257 Who wore a large high black-satin stock cascading over a figured silk waist-coat.
c. colloquial. To vomit. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > vomit
spewc897
vomea1382
brake1393
perbreak?a1400
castc1440
envomish1480
parbreak1495
vomita1500
to cast the crawa1529
to cast (up), heave, spue up, vomit one's gorgea1529
galpa1535
to cast out1561
puke1586
purge1596
void1605
to jerk, shoot, whip the cat1609
rid1647
to flay the fox1653
posset1781
to shoot the cat1785
to throw up1793
throw1804
cascade1805
reject1822
yark1867
sick1924
to toss (also shoot, blow, etc.) one's cookies1927
to lose a dinner (or a meal)1941
to spew one's ring1949
chunder1950
barf1960
upchuck1960
yuck1963
ralph1966
to go for the big spit1967
vom1991
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 188 She was supported by the captain..while she cascaded in his urn.]
1805 Naval Chron. 15 35 I had cascaded two or three times.
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Cascade, to vomit. Var. dial. [Webster says: colloq. or vulgar in Amer.]
2. transitive. To pour, like a cascade.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
?1796 S. T. Coleridge Lett. to J. P. Estlin (1884) 21 The Monthly has cataracted panegyric on my poems, the Critical has cascaded it.
3. transitive and intransitive. To link or connect (valves, etc.) in stages to form a cascade (cf. cascade n. 2d).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > operation of electronic devices > [verb (intransitive)] > link in cascade
cascade1930
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > operation of electronic devices > [verb (transitive)] > connect in stages
cascade1930
1930 Jrnl. Inst. Radio Engin. 18 1007 Consideration..must be given to characteristics of any other selective devices of the amplifier system..if single or coupled circuits are cascaded with the coupled circuit under consideration.
1956 S. W. Amos & D. C. Birkinshaw Television Engin. II. vii. 114 Decrease in stage gain to give constant passband when cascading.
1971 Physics Bull. Apr. 208/3 It is possible to cascade either germanium-silicon or lead telluride type modules thermally with bismuth telluride.
4. transitive. To relegate (old but still serviceable stock, esp. buses, railway coaches, etc.) by stages to successively less exacting uses.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [verb (transitive)] > relegate old rolling stock
cascade1980
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [verb (transitive)] > relegate old buses to less exacting use
cascade1980
1980 [see cascading n. at Derivatives].
1983 Forward Look (Vicrail Freight Business Group, Victoria, Austral.) Relaying secondary freight lines. Relay selected routes with rail cascaded down from main interstate lines.
1984 Railway Mag. Dec. 496/2 I wonder how many Hastings line passengers have given thought to the forthcoming rolling stock? Present proposals are for ‘4-VEP’..multiple-units ‘cascaded’ from other services.
1985 Buses Extra Apr.–May 43/2 No fewer than 30 VRs would be cascaded in Western National's direction.
Derivatives
caˈscaded adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [adjective] > relegated to less exacting use (of buses)
cascaded1919
1919 Wireless World July 187/1 These types of alternator..may be classified as follows:—1. Machines in cascade. 2. Internally-cascaded machines.
1919 Wireless World July 189/2 In effect the machine Figure 2 represents in a single machine the summation of the four cascaded machines of Figure 1.
1956 S. W. Amos & D. C. Birkinshaw Television Engin. II. viii. 122 A conventional cascaded amplifier has an upper frequency limit beyond which it is impossible to amplify.
1984 Buses Oct. 440/1 The arrival of ‘cascaded’ VRs in the country allowed dual-door VRs to return to the city as FLF replacements.
caˈscading n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > cascading down
cascading1791
cascade1860
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > operation of electronic devices > [noun] > connecting in stages
cascading1930
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > relegation of old rolling stock
cascading1980
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > omnibus > relegation of old buses to less exacting use
cascading1980
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §100 The cascading of the water through the gully before mentioned.
1930 Jrnl. Inst. Radio Engin. 18 994 Cascading must give the same type of transmission curve as coupled circuits with very weak coupling... Two staggered single-circuit curves of the same shape cascade into a coupled-circuit transmission curve... The amount of transmission is improved in the cascaded case.
1949 Electronic Engin. 21 61 Simple cascading (i.e. direct coupling between anode and grid) requires a relatively high potential source for the later stages.
1980 Internat. Railway Jrnl. Mar. 18/2 In the 1980 rail laying programme, 235 track miles of worn welded rail not meeting Southern's rail wear limits for heavy tonnage lines will be released for cascading to lighter density track segments.
1985 Buses Extra Apr.–May 45/2 Bristol Omnibus Company had already indulged in secondhand VR purchases before the cascading policy began.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
<
n.c1660v.1702