aksakaln.

Brit.

/ˌaksəˈkal/, U.S.

/ˌɑksəˈkɑl/

Forms: 1800s– acsacal (now rare), 1800s– aksakal, 1800s– aqsaqal, 1900s– axakal (rare).

Origin: A borrowing from a Turkic language.

Etymology: < a word in a Turkic language of Central Asia (e.g. Uzbek aksakal (formerly in Arabic script as aqsaqal)), cognate with Turkish aksakal, literally ‘white beard’ ( < ak- white + sakal beard). Compare Persian āqsaqal, Russian aksakal (both < a Turkic language).Quot. 1811 recounts observations made in Farahabad in 1618, where both Persian and Turkic languages (related to Azeri) were spoken; it is unclear from the context which language Della Valle is citing.

In some Central Asian societies (as among the Uzbeks, Kazakhs,Tajiks, etc.): a village elder, a headman.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief > of a village or community

starosta1591

patel1630

malik1662

penghulu1705

aksakal1811

ratemahatmaya1818

caboceer1836

lambardar1855

thugyi1863

princeps1874

capitao1884

omda1898

luluai1924

big man1927

kadkhoda1934

mukhiya1934

sarpanch1963

headman1997

1811 tr. P. della Valle in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. IX. 56 These officers are called acsacal, that is to say grey-beard [It. Ac-sacàl, cioè Biãca barba], however young they may chance to be.

1846 M. Lal Trav. in Panjab, Afghanistan, & Turkistan 163 The pony of Mr. Burnes..was stolen in the night, and we were afraid to complain to the aqsaqal.

1875 H. W. Bellew & E. F. Chapman in T. D. Forsyth Rep. Mission Yarteund ii. 76 Its community is superintended by an elder, called ácsacál or ‘grey-beard’.

1936 P. Fleming News from Tartary 234 Among the men there was much talk of an aksakal. The word means ‘white beard’ and may be applied to any venerable head of a community.

1984 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 1: U.S.S.R.: (B.B.C.) 13 Oct. SU/7773/B/1 A prayer by a grey-bearded aksakal [elder] who thanked the Almighty for the abundant harvest.

2008 A. V. Isaenko et al. in P. N. Stearns Oxf. Encycl. World Hist. (Electronic text) at Central Asia Historically, closely related large families..constituted self-organized communities or neighborhoods, the makhallyas, headed by the elected councils of eldermen or aksakals.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aksakal
释义	aksakaln. Brit. /ˌaksəˈkal/, U.S. /ˌɑksəˈkɑl/ Forms: 1800s– acsacal (now rare), 1800s– aksakal, 1800s– aqsaqal, 1900s– axakal (rare). Origin: A borrowing from a Turkic language. Etymology: < a word in a Turkic language of Central Asia (e.g. Uzbek aksakal (formerly in Arabic script as aqsaqal)), cognate with Turkish aksakal, literally ‘white beard’ ( < ak- white + sakal beard). Compare Persian āqsaqal, Russian aksakal (both < a Turkic language).Quot. 1811 recounts observations made in Farahabad in 1618, where both Persian and Turkic languages (related to Azeri) were spoken; it is unclear from the context which language Della Valle is citing. In some Central Asian societies (as among the Uzbeks, Kazakhs,Tajiks, etc.): a village elder, a headman. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief > of a village or community starosta1591 patel1630 malik1662 penghulu1705 aksakal1811 ratemahatmaya1818 caboceer1836 lambardar1855 thugyi1863 princeps1874 capitao1884 omda1898 luluai1924 big man1927 kadkhoda1934 mukhiya1934 sarpanch1963 headman1997 1811 tr. P. della Valle in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. IX. 56 These officers are called acsacal, that is to say grey-beard [It. Ac-sacàl, cioè Biãca barba], however young they may chance to be. 1846 M. Lal Trav. in Panjab, Afghanistan, & Turkistan 163 The pony of Mr. Burnes..was stolen in the night, and we were afraid to complain to the aqsaqal. 1875 H. W. Bellew & E. F. Chapman in T. D. Forsyth Rep. Mission Yarteund ii. 76 Its community is superintended by an elder, called ácsacál or ‘grey-beard’. 1936 P. Fleming News from Tartary 234 Among the men there was much talk of an aksakal. The word means ‘white beard’ and may be applied to any venerable head of a community. 1984 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 1: U.S.S.R.: (B.B.C.) 13 Oct. SU/7773/B/1 A prayer by a grey-bearded aksakal [elder] who thanked the Almighty for the abundant harvest. 2008 A. V. Isaenko et al. in P. N. Stearns Oxf. Encycl. World Hist. (Electronic text) at Central Asia Historically, closely related large families..constituted self-organized communities or neighborhoods, the makhallyas, headed by the elected councils of eldermen or aksakals. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1811
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