chasmn.

Brit.

/ˈkaz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈkæzəm/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s chasma, 1600s chasme.

Etymology: < Latin chasma, < Greek χάσμα yawning hollow. The Greek-Latin form chasma was used for some time unchanged.

†1. A yawning or gaping, as of the sea, or of the earth in an earthquake. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > gaping of the earth

chasm1596

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > [noun] > action or process of opening > gaping open or opening wide

gapingc1374

chasm1596

yawn1697

yawning1820

dehiscence1828

1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. C2 Earth-gaping Chasma's, that mishap aboades.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. ii. §1. 198 That gaping Chasma, and insatiable gulfe of the Soules appetite.

1652 J. French York-shire Spaw ii. 31 Chasmes, and gapings of the Sea.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 110 Earthquakes, Chasma's, and the like.

1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 91 Earthquakes, Chasmaes, and Voragoes were at his command.

†2. An alleged meteoric phenomenon, supposed to be a rending of the firmament or vault of heaven. [So in Latin.] Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > chasm

chasm1601

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 17 The firmament also is seene to chinke and open, and this they name Chasma.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. i. 1 Halo's, Rainbows, Parelia, Paraselenæ, Chasms.

1744 T. Short in Philos. Trans. 1740–41 (Royal Soc.) 41 630 A list of all the Chasms or Burnings in the Heavens, recorded in our Annals.

3. A large and deep rent, cleft, or fissure in the surface of the earth or other cosmical body. In later times extended to a fissure or gap, not referred to the earth as a whole, e.g. in a mountain, rock, glacier, between two precipices, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > chasm or cleft

chinec1050

earth-chinea1300

kinc1330

chimneyc1374

haga1400

riftc1400

refta1425

dungeonc1475

rupturec1487

gaping1539

rent1603

chasm1621

abrupt1624

hiulcitya1681

clove1779

score1790

strid1862

fent1878

1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 9 The open Chasmas of the earth.

1634 C. Fitzgeffry Blessed Birth-day 21 Thus is th' Abyssus fild, the Chasma clos'd.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 134 This Effort..in some Earthquakes..tears the Earth, making Cracks or Chasmes in it some Miles in length.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) The Water of this vast Abyss..doth communicate with that of the Ocean by means of certain Holes, Hiatus's or Chasms, passing betwixt it and the Bottom of the Ocean.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 25 Iceland..with its..horrid volcanic chasms.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §7. 49 An arch of snow..may span a chasm one hundred feet in depth.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 135 The Colorado River..flows..at the bottom of a profound chasm.

4. A deep gap or breach in any structure; a wide crack, cleft, or fissure. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > wide or gaping

chaos?a1425

yawn1602

chasm1627

chasment1655

1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. (1629) 26 Heauen it selfe, and the great Chasma betwixt it and vs.

1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 107 So many chasmes or breaches must there be in the Divine Nature.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 182 The amphitheatre of Verona..has no holes or chasms in the wall.

1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. v. 11 An infinite number of small chasms between them, into which the roots may glide.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. iv. 65 This part of the castle..exhibited a great chasm, through which Mannering could observe the sea.

a. figurative. A break marking a divergence, or a wide and profound difference of character or position, a breach of relations, feelings, interests, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > gap, chasm, or interval

chasm1641

longo intervallo1759

interval1849

gap1857

1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 99 Where then is that Chasma, that great Gulf of difference?

1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness i. iv. 9 That great Chasma betwixt God and Matter will be as wide as before.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 203 The two hierarchies, the spiritual and the temporal..were now separated by a deep and wide chasm.

1866 H. P. Liddon Bampton Lect. (1875) i. 25 If Christ be not truly man, the chasm which parted earth and heaven has not been bridged over.

1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) x. v. 390 A gulf..almost like the chasm of death.

b. bloody chasm: see bloody adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2a. Also without epithet.

ΚΠ

a1909 ‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xxi. 352 Don't reopen the chasm, Doc. Any Yankeeness I may have is geographical.

6. figurative. A break or void affecting the continuity of anything, as of a chain of facts, a narrative, period of time, etc.; an intervening blank, hiatus, break, interval.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [noun] > a break in continuity

interruption1390

breach1589

hiatus1613

chasm1654

solution of continuity1654

gap1670

caesura1846

break-in1856

breakage1871

scission1884

time out1892

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 216 Authors with many Plurima Desunts, many Chasmes and vacancys.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 137 It is carried down from the beginning of Time..without any chasma or interval.

1710 J. Swift Tale of Tub (ed. 5) Apol. sig. a2^v In the Authors Original Copy there were not so many Chasms as appear in the Book.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 519. ¶7 The whole Chasm in Nature, from a Plant to a Man, is filled up with diverse Kinds of Creatures.

1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. v. 110 The fables with which our own writers have replenished the chasms in our history.

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. ii. 66 The chasm of Seven Centuries.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 52 There is an historical chasm manifest in their modes of thinking.

7. A vacant place affecting the completeness of anything; a void, blank, gap.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] > an unoccupied space

vacuity?1541

vacuum1589

blanka1616

gapa1616

vacancy1652

space1654

evacuity1655

void1697

chasm1759

lacuna1872

null1887

1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. i. 129 Some chasms, occasioned by our not having kept the drill in a parallel direction.

1838 T. B. Macaulay Let. in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) II. 2 The chasm Tom's departure has made.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 580 Recruits were sent to fill the chasms which pestilence had made in the English ranks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	chasm
释义	chasmn. Brit. /ˈkaz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈkæzəm/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s chasma, 1600s chasme. Etymology: < Latin chasma, < Greek χάσμα yawning hollow. The Greek-Latin form chasma was used for some time unchanged. †1. A yawning or gaping, as of the sea, or of the earth in an earthquake. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > gaping of the earth chasm1596 the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > [noun] > action or process of opening > gaping open or opening wide gapingc1374 chasm1596 yawn1697 yawning1820 dehiscence1828 1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. C2 Earth-gaping Chasma's, that mishap aboades. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. ii. §1. 198 That gaping Chasma, and insatiable gulfe of the Soules appetite. 1652 J. French York-shire Spaw ii. 31 Chasmes, and gapings of the Sea. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 110 Earthquakes, Chasma's, and the like. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 91 Earthquakes, Chasmaes, and Voragoes were at his command. †2. An alleged meteoric phenomenon, supposed to be a rending of the firmament or vault of heaven. [So in Latin.] Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > chasm chasm1601 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 17 The firmament also is seene to chinke and open, and this they name Chasma. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. i. 1 Halo's, Rainbows, Parelia, Paraselenæ, Chasms. 1744 T. Short in Philos. Trans. 1740–41 (Royal Soc.) 41 630 A list of all the Chasms or Burnings in the Heavens, recorded in our Annals. 3. A large and deep rent, cleft, or fissure in the surface of the earth or other cosmical body. In later times extended to a fissure or gap, not referred to the earth as a whole, e.g. in a mountain, rock, glacier, between two precipices, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > chasm or cleft chinec1050 earth-chinea1300 kinc1330 chimneyc1374 haga1400 riftc1400 refta1425 dungeonc1475 rupturec1487 gaping1539 rent1603 chasm1621 abrupt1624 hiulcitya1681 clove1779 score1790 strid1862 fent1878 1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 9 The open Chasmas of the earth. 1634 C. Fitzgeffry Blessed Birth-day 21 Thus is th' Abyssus fild, the Chasma clos'd. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 134 This Effort..in some Earthquakes..tears the Earth, making Cracks or Chasmes in it some Miles in length. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. (at cited word) The Water of this vast Abyss..doth communicate with that of the Ocean by means of certain Holes, Hiatus's or Chasms, passing betwixt it and the Bottom of the Ocean. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 25 Iceland..with its..horrid volcanic chasms. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §7. 49 An arch of snow..may span a chasm one hundred feet in depth. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 135 The Colorado River..flows..at the bottom of a profound chasm. 4. A deep gap or breach in any structure; a wide crack, cleft, or fissure. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > wide or gaping chaos?a1425 yawn1602 chasm1627 chasment1655 1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. (1629) 26 Heauen it selfe, and the great Chasma betwixt it and vs. 1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 107 So many chasmes or breaches must there be in the Divine Nature. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 182 The amphitheatre of Verona..has no holes or chasms in the wall. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. v. 11 An infinite number of small chasms between them, into which the roots may glide. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. iv. 65 This part of the castle..exhibited a great chasm, through which Mannering could observe the sea. 5. a. figurative. A break marking a divergence, or a wide and profound difference of character or position, a breach of relations, feelings, interests, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > gap, chasm, or interval chasm1641 longo intervallo1759 interval1849 gap1857 1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie 99 Where then is that Chasma, that great Gulf of difference? 1660 H. More Explan. Grand Myst. Godliness i. iv. 9 That great Chasma betwixt God and Matter will be as wide as before. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 203 The two hierarchies, the spiritual and the temporal..were now separated by a deep and wide chasm. 1866 H. P. Liddon Bampton Lect. (1875) i. 25 If Christ be not truly man, the chasm which parted earth and heaven has not been bridged over. 1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) x. v. 390 A gulf..almost like the chasm of death. b. bloody chasm: see bloody adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2a. Also without epithet. ΚΠ a1909 ‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xxi. 352 Don't reopen the chasm, Doc. Any Yankeeness I may have is geographical. 6. figurative. A break or void affecting the continuity of anything, as of a chain of facts, a narrative, period of time, etc.; an intervening blank, hiatus, break, interval. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > discontinuity or interrupted condition > [noun] > a break in continuity interruption1390 breach1589 hiatus1613 chasm1654 solution of continuity1654 gap1670 caesura1846 break-in1856 breakage1871 scission1884 time out1892 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 216 Authors with many Plurima Desunts, many Chasmes and vacancys. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 137 It is carried down from the beginning of Time..without any chasma or interval. 1710 J. Swift Tale of Tub (ed. 5) Apol. sig. a2^v In the Authors Original Copy there were not so many Chasms as appear in the Book. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 519. ¶7 The whole Chasm in Nature, from a Plant to a Man, is filled up with diverse Kinds of Creatures. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. v. 110 The fables with which our own writers have replenished the chasms in our history. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. ii. 66 The chasm of Seven Centuries. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 52 There is an historical chasm manifest in their modes of thinking. 7. A vacant place affecting the completeness of anything; a void, blank, gap. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [noun] > an unoccupied space vacuity?1541 vacuum1589 blanka1616 gapa1616 vacancy1652 space1654 evacuity1655 void1697 chasm1759 lacuna1872 null1887 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. i. 129 Some chasms, occasioned by our not having kept the drill in a parallel direction. 1838 T. B. Macaulay Let. in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) II. 2 The chasm Tom's departure has made. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 580 Recruits were sent to fill the chasms which pestilence had made in the English ranks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1596
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