akelev.

Brit.

/əˈkiːl/, U.S.

/əˈkil/

Forms: Old English acelan, late Old English æcęlan (Kentish), Middle English akel, Middle English akiele, Middle English 1900s akele, 1500s akkele, 1600s ackele.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch ercoelen , Middle Low German erkölen , Old High German irkuolen (Middle High German erküelen , German †erkühlen ) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of keel v.¹ Compare acool v.Originally (in Old English) found only in transitive use, the intransitive senses being realized by acool v. Compare similarly keel v.¹ beside cool v.¹, and see discussion at the latter entry.

a. transitive. To make cold, to cool. Also figurative: †to make less ardent, vigorous, or vital, to assuage, quench (obsolete). Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool

keelc825

akeleeOE

acool?a1200

acolda1250

coola1400

quencha1400

refroid1477

wear1674

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xlv. 256 Acele ðu wealhat isen þonne hit furþum sie of fyre atogen, on wine oþþe on ecede.

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) iv. 40 Þa þe her syndon geornfulluste, þæt hie her oferdru[n]cene wyrðen, him næfre þær þurst aceled bið þære helle þrosmes.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9112 (MED) Hire fader was old mon..& þe anguisse of is doȝter..akelde him wel þe more, so þat feble he was.

a1525 Court of Love 1076 For verray loue may not thy freyle desire akkele.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Ackele, (old word) to cool.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses 384 Lest he might perish utterly and lie akeled (for it was then about the midst of the winter).

†b. transitive. To refresh, reinvigorate. Also reflexive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]

akeleOE

restOE

comfort1303

ease1330

quickc1350

recurea1382

refresha1382

refetec1384

restorec1384

affilea1393

enforcec1400

freshc1405

revigour?a1425

recomfortc1425

recreatec1425

quicken?c1430

revive1442

cheerc1443

refection?c1450

refect1488

unweary1530

freshen1532

corroborate1541

vige?c1550

erect?1555

recollect?1560

repose1562

respite1565

rouse1574

requicken1576

animate1585

enlive1593

revify1598

inanimate1600

insinew1600

to wind up1602

vigorize1603

inspiritc1610

invigour1611

refocillate1611

revigorate1611

renovate1614

spriten1614

repaira1616

activate1624

vigour1636

enliven1644

invigorate1646

rally1650

reinvigorate1652

renerve1652

to freshen up1654

righta1656

re-enlivena1660

recruita1661

enlighten1667

revivify1675

untire1677

reanimate1694

stimulate1759

rebrace1764

refreshen1780

brisken1799

irrigate1823

tonic1825

to fresh up1835

ginger1844

spell1846

recuperate1849

binge1854

tone1859

innerve1880

fiercen1896

to tone up1896

to buck up1909

pep1912

to zip up1927

to perk up1936

to zizz up1944

hep1948

to zing up1948

juice1964

OE Lambeth Psalter xxxviii. 14 Remitte mihi ut refrigerer : forlæt uel forgif þæt ic gereste uel þæt ic beo aceled.

OE Hymns (Julius A.vi) ii. 6 in H. Gneuss Hymnar u. Hymnen im englischen Mittelalter (1968) 268 Ne sinas dormire mentem, ut..temperet fides vaporem somni, refrigerens castos : ne geðafe þu slæpan þæt mod þæt..gemetegie se geleafa æþm slæpes acelende þa clænan.

c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 217 (MED) For al so þet water is natureliche schald and a kelþ alle þo þet hit drinkeþ.

c1300 St. Laurence (Laud) l. 164 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 344 (MED) Nim ȝeme þat þine fuyrie coles wel muche a-kelez me.

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 106 (MED) He shuld rest awhile, if þe houndes ben hote, to þei bene akelid, and þan ladde to þe water to lape.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 590 (MED) Thei turned that wey, hem for to a-kele and drinke of the clier water.

†2. intransitive. To become cold, to cool; (figurative) to become less ardent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > become cold

acoldeOE

acooleOE

coldOE

keldea1300

akelec1380

refreidc1384

chillc1400

keel1450

refrigerate1559

frigefy1599

unwarm1826

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4492 Ys blod scholde sone a-kele.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2671 To the lovers Ovide..tawhte, if love be to hot, In what manere it scholde akiele.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	akele
释义	akelev. Brit. /əˈkiːl/, U.S. /əˈkil/ Forms: Old English acelan, late Old English æcęlan (Kentish), Middle English akel, Middle English akiele, Middle English 1900s akele, 1500s akkele, 1600s ackele. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch ercoelen , Middle Low German erkölen , Old High German irkuolen (Middle High German erküelen , German †erkühlen ) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of keel v.¹ Compare acool v.Originally (in Old English) found only in transitive use, the intransitive senses being realized by acool v. Compare similarly keel v.¹ beside cool v.¹, and see discussion at the latter entry. 1. a. transitive. To make cold, to cool. Also figurative: †to make less ardent, vigorous, or vital, to assuage, quench (obsolete). Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > cool keelc825 akeleeOE acool?a1200 acolda1250 coola1400 quencha1400 refroid1477 wear1674 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xlv. 256 Acele ðu wealhat isen þonne hit furþum sie of fyre atogen, on wine oþþe on ecede. OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) iv. 40 Þa þe her syndon geornfulluste, þæt hie her oferdru[n]cene wyrðen, him næfre þær þurst aceled bið þære helle þrosmes. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9112 (MED) Hire fader was old mon..& þe anguisse of is doȝter..akelde him wel þe more, so þat feble he was. a1525 Court of Love 1076 For verray loue may not thy freyle desire akkele. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Ackele, (old word) to cool. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses 384 Lest he might perish utterly and lie akeled (for it was then about the midst of the winter). †b. transitive. To refresh, reinvigorate. Also reflexive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)] akeleOE restOE comfort1303 ease1330 quickc1350 recurea1382 refresha1382 refetec1384 restorec1384 affilea1393 enforcec1400 freshc1405 revigour?a1425 recomfortc1425 recreatec1425 quicken?c1430 revive1442 cheerc1443 refection?c1450 refect1488 unweary1530 freshen1532 corroborate1541 vige?c1550 erect?1555 recollect?1560 repose1562 respite1565 rouse1574 requicken1576 animate1585 enlive1593 revify1598 inanimate1600 insinew1600 to wind up1602 vigorize1603 inspiritc1610 invigour1611 refocillate1611 revigorate1611 renovate1614 spriten1614 repaira1616 activate1624 vigour1636 enliven1644 invigorate1646 rally1650 reinvigorate1652 renerve1652 to freshen up1654 righta1656 re-enlivena1660 recruita1661 enlighten1667 revivify1675 untire1677 reanimate1694 stimulate1759 rebrace1764 refreshen1780 brisken1799 irrigate1823 tonic1825 to fresh up1835 ginger1844 spell1846 recuperate1849 binge1854 tone1859 innerve1880 fiercen1896 to tone up1896 to buck up1909 pep1912 to zip up1927 to perk up1936 to zizz up1944 hep1948 to zing up1948 juice1964 OE Lambeth Psalter xxxviii. 14 Remitte mihi ut refrigerer : forlæt uel forgif þæt ic gereste uel þæt ic beo aceled. OE Hymns (Julius A.vi) ii. 6 in H. Gneuss Hymnar u. Hymnen im englischen Mittelalter (1968) 268 Ne sinas dormire mentem, ut..temperet fides vaporem somni, refrigerens castos : ne geðafe þu slæpan þæt mod þæt..gemetegie se geleafa æþm slæpes acelende þa clænan. c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 217 (MED) For al so þet water is natureliche schald and a kelþ alle þo þet hit drinkeþ. c1300 St. Laurence (Laud) l. 164 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 344 (MED) Nim ȝeme þat þine fuyrie coles wel muche a-kelez me. c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 106 (MED) He shuld rest awhile, if þe houndes ben hote, to þei bene akelid, and þan ladde to þe water to lape. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 590 (MED) Thei turned that wey, hem for to a-kele and drinke of the clier water. †2. intransitive. To become cold, to cool; (figurative) to become less ardent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > become cold acoldeOE acooleOE coldOE keldea1300 akelec1380 refreidc1384 chillc1400 keel1450 refrigerate1559 frigefy1599 unwarm1826 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4492 Ys blod scholde sone a-kele. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2671 To the lovers Ovide..tawhte, if love be to hot, In what manere it scholde akiele. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.eOE
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