aggravateadj.
/ˈaɡrəvət/, U.S. /ˈæɡrəvət/ Now rare.† 1. Roman Catholic Church. That is under ecclesiastical censure; threatened with excommunication. Cf. reaggravate adj. Obsolete.† 2. Burdened, weighed down. Also figurative. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > excommunication > [adjective] > who is under
amansedOE
cursed1393
maledighta1400
aggravate1471
excommunicate1526
Maranatha1526
excommunicated1574
innodate1587
anathematized1605
devoted1611
thunderstruck1649
unchurched1681
1471 in J. Raine Corr., Inventories, Acct. Rolls, & Law Proc. Priory of Coldingham (1841) 222 (MED) And as cursid men in the courte of Rome openly declarid aggravate, reaggravate, and interdite.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 41 Hyt were greet repref to you my lord the kyng..that men shold saye ye reysed and accompanyed your self with a cursyd and a persone agrauate.
1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. ii. 52 The Ministers of your Church..might be greatly agrauate and more iustly charged with those faults you lay vpon vs of accusing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [adjective] > heavy or weighed down (with)
loaded (loaden) with?1504
aggravate?1518
poised1596
loaden1600
ingravidate1651
loaded1661
loaded down1847
?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. Aiiiv Faynt croked age, frayle and oblyuyous Aggrauate with yeres.
a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 54 Theyr pursis with powndes so agravate.
3. Heightened or intensified (in a negative sense); (esp. of a crime) made more serious as an offence; = aggravated adj. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [adjective] > transgressing or offending > of the nature of a fault or offence > made more serious
aggravate1548
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward V f. iii A small displeasure doen to you..hath ben sore aggrauate.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar v. §20 The occasions of an aggravate crime.
a1734 R. North Examen (1740) i. ii. 93 Obnoxious for High Treason, or most aggravate Practices of Sedition.
1816 E. Samuel Hist. Acct. Brit. Army vii. §14 585 The offence described in this Article is an aggravate or accumulate crime.
2001 L. Voinescu in T. Vander Beken et al. Organisation of Fight against Corruption E.U. iii. 311 Criminal proceedings and trial of the criminal offences is assimilated with the aggravate form of this offence [sc. bribe-taking].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
aggravatev.
/ˈaɡrəveɪt/, U.S. /ˈæɡrəˌveɪt/α. 1500s agrauat, 1500s–1600s aggrauat, 1500s–1600s aggrauate, 1500s–1600s agrauate, 1500s–1700s agravate, 1500s– aggravate, 1600s aggravat, 1600s aggrovate, 1600s agravat, 1800s– aggerwate (regional and nonstandard); also Scottish pre-1700 aggrauat, pre-1700 agrauat; U.S. regional (in African-American usage) 1800s– agerwate, 1800s– aggervate, 1800s– aggerwate, 1900s– agg'avate.
β. 1500s aggrevate, 1500s agreuate, 1500s–1600s aggreuate, 1600s aggrivate, 1600s agrevate, 1700s agrivate; also Scottish pre-1700 aggrevat, pre-1700 agrevat.
a. transitive. To make heavy; to burden, weigh down; (also) to encumber, impede, retard. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber > burden
charka1300
chargec1308
cark1330
liea1400
labour1437
onerate1453
endossa1500
onera1500
laden1514
load1526
aggravate1530
lay1530
honorate1533
ladea1538
burden1541
ballast1566
loaden1568
degravate1574
aburden1620
pregravate1654
comble1672
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 418/2 A folysshe answere may agravate [Fr. agreger ou agrauer] a mannes mater more than one wolde wene of.
1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 252 That they doe not agravate or molest your subjectes.
1598 B. Yong tr. A. Pérez 2nd Pt. Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 176 A great greefe aggrauateth the hart that suffers it.
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xliv. 147 He was so exceedingly aggravated with travell, and over-tired with wearinesse.
b. transitive. To load or encumber (someone) with. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber
accumberc1275
encumberc1386
accloy1422
overlay1441
cumber1493
poister1523
pester1533
overgrowa1550
clog1564
cloy1564
aggravate1573
trasha1616
hamper1775
mither1847
lumber1861
1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xi. H h iij b Drances..Standes up, and him in wordes doth blame, and aggrauates with ire [L. aggerat iras].
c. transitive. To load or heap (something onerous) upon (also on). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > impose
setc888
layOE
to lay on11..
enjoin?c1225
join1303
adjoina1325
cark1330
taxa1375
puta1382
impose1581
aggravate1583
fasten1585
clap1609
levy1863
octroy1865
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hvv If the punishment..were aggrauated, and executed vppon the Offenders.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 62 To aggrauate so much the more his iust and fearefull iudgement vpon our heades.
1631 R. Bolton Instr. Right Comf. Affl. Consciences 445 To double, and aggravate upon the Christian, the grievous sinne of unbeliefe.
a1729 S. Clarke Serm. (1731) VII. xii. 261 He should receive no Relief from the poor man after Death... All This..should have been highly and severely aggravated upon him.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 39 In order to lighten the crown still further, they aggravated responsibility on ministers of state. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > exaggerate [verb (transitive)]
flatter?c1225
engregec1386
enhancec1400
extol?1504
extend1509
aggravate1533
exagger1535
blowa1538
amplify1561
exasperate1561
bombast1566
aggerate1570
enlarge1592
rengrege1601
exaggerate1604
magnify1605
hyperbolize1609
to slobber over ——1761
bloat1896
over-heighten1904
overpitch1904
overblow1961
inflate1982
1533 T. Elyot Pasquil the Playne f. 26 If he be disobedient or riottouse, he rebuketh hym, and do aggrauate the daunger to make the sickenes more greuous.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 277v A certain plaintif to aggrauate his harmes, & to make ye moste of theim.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 179 Setting forth and aggravating the great spoil late made in Rome.
1674 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 220 I have not in the least aggravated your sense or words.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 291. ¶7 A little Wit is equally capable of exposing a Beauty, and of aggravating a Fault.
1740 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) IV. 441 You have greatly aggravated the number of Servants inlisted by calling them several hundreds.
1845 L. Hunt Imagination & Fancy 125 I cannot think the words peeping and stare, the best which the poet could have used; but he is aggravating the beauties of his bride in a long epithalamium, and sacrificing everything to her superiority.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest III. xii. 251 It was not hard, whenever it was convenient, to insist on and to aggravate the offence.
a. transitive. To bring or lay (a charge) (against someone); to bring an accusation of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > accuse of or charge with
tee871
upbraidc1000
acoupc1300
retc1300
becalla1325
charge138.
impeachc1380
putc1380
blamea1400
appeach1430
gredea1450
articlea1460
filea1500
slander1504
to lay to one's charge1535
aggravate1541
to charge (a person) with1559
reproach1570
attaint1586
impute1596
censure1634
arraign1672
saddle1794
inculpate1799
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > bring (a charge or accusation) > bring as a charge
wraya900
surmisec1460
aggravate1541
indicta1670
charge1785
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxix. f. 97v Duillius and Cotta..aggrauate the complayntes agaynst Geminus.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iv. vi. 96 For other things aggreuated against him [L. ceterorum, quae multa cumulabantur], he was arrained .
1626 J. Mede Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 233 Aggravating it as an act of Rebellion.
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 110 Their spokesman to the King, to aggravate his breach of promise.
1678 A. Marvell Let. 14 Feb. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 216 His hauing appeared at the Kings bench barre being..aggravated as a new crime against him.
1733 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 129/2 Surely a charitable Man would..not have aggravated a heinous Charge against Persons of high Character.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 77 Philip..and his creatures there were not wanting on their part to aggravate the charges against Diopithes.
b. intransitive. To bring charges (upon). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (intransitive)]
wrayc725
mean?c1225
accusec1384
surmise1528
incuse1570
object1611
appeacha1616
aggravate1672
finger-point1959
1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 120 While he aggravates upon Religion..he doth so far alleviate and encourage Debauchery.
1679 R. Jenison Narr. Popish Plot 39 I love to tread softly on the Graves of the deceased, and therefore shall no further aggravate.
4.
a. transitive. To make (an offence) more heinous or offensive; to increase in offensiveness.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do wrongfully or amiss [verb (transitive)] > make (offence ) more grave
gregge1340
aggregea1382
aggrievea1425
aggravate1542
engreaten1641
1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca at Culicem colant An apt prouerbe applyed by our sauiour Christ vnto the Pharyseys, whiche dyd aggrauate smalle offences, and mayntayned great enormities.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. D2 That sinne doth ten times agreuate it selfe, That is committed in a holie place. View more context for this quotation
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1448 Th' offenders greatnesse aggravates th' offence.
1683 R. Dixon Canidia iii. xvi. 132 Tho there were no Malice Prepense, To aggravate so great Offence.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. vii. 218 Falsehood will only aggravate your Guilt. View more context for this quotation
1784 Polit. Mag. Sept. 187/2 The girl was with child before they were caught together, which aggravated the offence.
1840 Bible Christian Oct. 402 The very circumstance of his crimes..must be held to aggravate his guilt, and increase his condemnation.
1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 111 Gross wrong to his mother, aggravated by what follows with himself.
1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 150 ‘Won't you come up and have tea?’ Feeling that he had but aggravated his breach of breeding, he heard Fleur answer:..‘Thanks very much; I have to get back to dinner.’
1977 ‘E. Crispin’ Glimpses of Moon xii. 235 Judges had been inclined to be lenient until the last occasion, when his offence had been said..to have been aggravated by his having broken a window to ‘effect an entrance’.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xi. 244 Aggravating the status of the offence or the current punishment..is bound to create an even larger and more deeply stigmatised number of outcast people.
b. transitive. gen. To increase the gravity or seriousness of (suffering, a problem, etc.), to make more grievous or burdensome; to make worse, intensify, exacerbate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > make more severe [verb (transitive)]
gregge1340
aggrievea1425
aggravec1475
aggregec1540
aggravate1576
inflame1607
exasperate1611
to set forward(s)1611
exacerbate1660
sharpen1768
nettle1821
compound1961
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > exacerbation of suffering > exacerbate suffering [verb (transitive)]
sauce?1518
exasperate1561
aggravate1576
inasperate1592
to set forward1611
exacerbate1660
aggregea1678
sharpen1768
embitter1781
nettle1821
exaggerate1850
1576 A. Fleming tr. Synesius Pentapolitanus in Panoplie Epist. 302 To aggrauate and increase sorrow, where griefe should rather be assuaged, is a token of no relenting nature.
1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres ii. xvi. sig. G4v To aggrauate thine owne afflictions store.
1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xii. xx. 460 Why doe wee agrauate our misery?
1681 R. Baxter Apol. Nonconformists Ministry 18 To blazon and aggravate our sufferings.
1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 3 To introduce new Mischiefs, or to aggravate and inflame the old.
1776 S. Johnson Let. 1 Apr. (1992) II. 314 If grief either caused or aggravated poor Queeney's ilness [sic].
1824 T. F. Dibdin Libr. Compan. 93 To aggravate the terror of his invective.
1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 35 Its dangers from without were aggravated by the plots of the court.
1880 W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 16 Mar. 2/8 Instead of relieving all estates up to 2,000l. he aggravates the duty at 500l.
1939 PMLA 54 337 His association with these big-worded denizens of the cafe only aggravates the dissatisfaction and futility that he now often feels within him.
1956 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples I. xv Indeed they aggravated the violence of his measures to a point which his contemporaries could only attribute insanity.
1980 Illustr. London News Mar. 28/2 The problems have thus been accelerated and aggravated.
1996 New Yorker 21 Oct. 189/3 Capitalism constantly aggravates moral decline by creating appetites and satisfying them at the expense of tradition and restraint.
5. transitive. Without (or with little) negative connotation: to add weight or intensity to; to strengthen, increase, or magnify. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase the intensity of
multiplya1398
sharpenc1450
heighten1523
height1528
strengthen1546
aggravate1549
enhance1559
intend1603
enrich1620
re-enforce1625
wheel1632
reinforce1660
support1691
richen1795
to give a weight to1796
intensify1817
exalt1850
intensate1856
to step up1920
to hot up1937
ramp1981
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to > render outstanding
aggravate1549
accent1595
to lay weight upon1600
emphase1631
circumflect1643
to lay (also place, put) stress on (also upon)1653
to set home1656
forestall1657
circumflex1661
signalize1698
to lay stress, weight, emphasis on or upon1748
emphasize1793
accentuate1817
stress1845
to rub in1851
to draw out1855
underline1880
punctuate1883
peak1887
underscore1891
to point up1926
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to > make more important
arearc885
upheavea1300
upraisea1300
uphigh13..
enhancec1325
liftc1330
uplift1338
uphebbe1340
uptakec1340
magnifya1382
upreara1382
uphancec1390
preponder?1504
upbring1513
exaggerate1564
greaten1589
weighc1595
to make much matter ofa1649
aggravate1698
aggrandize1709
beef1941
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Heb. vi. f. ixv Men to aggrauate theyr othe do swere by hym that is greater [L. siquidem homines iurant per eum qui maior est, quo gravius sit iusiurandum].
a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 46 All these aggravate the greatnesse of his Humility: and that, aggravates the greatnesse of his Love.
1698 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 544 Becaus Coll. Quarry, the Judge of the admiralty, aggravats it as an action of ye governments.
1782 W. W. Grenville Let. 24 Dec. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) I. 101 If you think the expressions too strong, or not sufficiently so, you will weaken or aggravate them.
1821 T. Campbell in New Monthly Mag. 2 228 The romantic fablers have generally aggravated the horrors of Circe.
1870 W. Collins Man & Wife I. iii. xiv. 263 The servants, all trying together to catch the animal and quiet him, simply aggravated the noise he was making.
a1925 Ld. Curzon Leaves from Viceroy's Notebk. (1926) 806 An enterprising colony bent upon aggravating its territories.
6.
a. transitive. To exasperate (a person); to incense, embitter; to provoke, arouse the dislike, dissatisfaction, or concern of; (also in weakened use) to annoy or irritate. Now chiefly colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)]
gremec893
grillc897
teenOE
mispay?c1225
agrillec1275
oftenec1275
tarya1300
tarc1300
atenec1320
enchafec1374
to-tarc1384
stingc1386
chafe?a1400
pokec1400
irec1420
ertc1440
rehete1447
nettlec1450
bog1546
tickle1548
touch1581
urge1593
aggravate1598
irritate1598
dishumour1600
to wind up1602
to pick at ——1603
outhumour1607
vex1625
bloody1633
efferate1653
rankle1659
spleen1689
splenetize1700
rile1724
roil1742
to put out1796
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
roughen1837
acerbate1845
to stroke against the hair, the wrong way (of the hair)1846
nag1849
to rub (a person, etc.) up the wrong way1859
frump1862
rattle1865
to set up any one's bristles1873
urticate1873
needle1874
draw1876
to rough up1877
to stick pins into1879
to get on ——1880
to make (someone) tiredc1883
razoo1890
to get under a person's skin1896
to get a person's goat1905
to be on at1907
to get a person's nanny1909
cag1919
to get a person's nanny-goat1928
cagmag1932
peeve1934
tick-off1934
to get on a person's tits1945
to piss off1946
bug1947
to get up a person's nose1951
tee1955
bum1970
tick1975
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Essagerare, to exasperat, to prouoke, to irritate, to agrauat, to exaggerat, to amplifie, to extoll.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aggravanter, to aggravate, exasperate.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 92 This aggrated [sic] the Persian King exceedingly to be so bearded.
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xliii. 302 If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do mine.
1752 W. Goodall Adventures Capt. Greenland II. ii. 13 Lady Worthy..held it most advisable not to acquaint Silvius of the Injury he had done him; lest it might thereby aggravate him to take some Step which he might afterwards repent.
1811 M. Leadbeater Cottage Dialogues among Irish Peasantry in Brit. Rev. 1 406 He told Nancy a bit of his mind; but she was on her high horse and aggravated him; so he beat her, sure enough.
1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians xvii. 134 Threats only served to aggravate people in such cases.
1891 ‘L. Malet’ Wages of Sin I. i. iii. 56 It'ud aggravate a saint, that it would, to hear you so taken up with a little peaked-faced bit of a maid.
1925 Boys' Life Dec. 34/1 The bare, painted walls and the simple furnishings aggravated him as he gazed disgustedly around the room.
1965 A. Lurie Nowhere City xvii. 186 ‘Don't aggravate yourself. It'll be no trouble’.
1998 Rec. Collector Apr. 76/1 None of the band was over twenty, their brattish antics aggravated the cognoscenti and they didn't even play on their singles.
b. transitive. To irritate (physically); to inflame.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > irritate
anger?a1425
ranklec1450
exasperate1552
prorite1574
annoy1576
vellicate1604
proritate1620
irritate1674
aggravate1835
1835 W. E. E. Conwell Treat. Changes of Liver i. iv. 127 Dyspepsy may be said to terminate, first, in other diseases, when the affection of some particular system or organ becomes aggravated to an extent that extinguishes the characters of dyspepsy.
1851 W. Beach Amer. Pract. Condensed (ed. 17) iv. xxii. 558 One of the preparations (tincture of capsicum annum) which..she said had aggravated her eyes, might still be beneficial, if used in a weak or diluted state.
1880 I. L. Bird Unbeaten Tracks Japan I. 366 With stinging wood smoke aggravating the eyes.
1901 Lancet 30 Mar. 953/1 In certain cases aerophagia takes a grave form: it produces vomiting, aggravates the dyspepsia, and leads to emaciation.
1946 Cosmopolitan Oct. 187/3 (advt.) Don't aggravate an already irritated stomach with overdoses of antacids or harsh physics!
1993 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 219 (advt.) A popular belief is that you can ‘aggravate’ your skin into looking better.
2009 H. P. Pilkington in S. Lloyd Missing Years xvii. 206 Most of the officers gardened but Jacko refused to let me out in the sun as the bright light aggravated my eyes and made them inflamed.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.1471
v.1530- stands side
- stands up
- standside
- standstill
- standstill agreement
- standstillism
- standstills
- standto
- standtoarms
- standup
- standup comedian
- standup comedy
- standup comic
- standup desk
- standup fight
- standup guy
- standup paddle surfing
- standuper
- standupest
- standupper
- standuppest
- standups
- staneraw
- stanford–binet
- stang