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单词 caution
释义

cautionn.

/ˈkɔːʃən/
Forms: Middle English kaucyon, Middle English–1500s caucion, Middle English caucioun, Middle English cawcion, Middle English–1500s caucyon, 1500s cawcyon, causion, Scottish cautioun, 1600s cawtion, 1500s– caution.
Etymology: < French caution security, surety < Latin cautiōn-em taking heed, heedfulness, caution; bond, security, < caut- participial stem of cavēre to beware, take heed. The earlier uses were as in French; it was only in 16–17th cent. that the original Latin sense, as a quality, was introduced.
1.
a. Security given for the performance of some engagement; bail; a guarantee, a pledge. Still in Scots Law, U.S., and in caution-money; see Compounds. bond of caution (Scots Law): a security given by one person for another that he shall pay a certain sum or perform a certain act.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun]
sickerness?c1225
caution1297
plevina1325
suretyc1330
assurec1374
sickerty1405
baila1593
assinat1652
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1810) 506 The kyng suor vpe the boc, and caucion vond god, That he al clanliche to the popes loking stod.
c1300 K. Alis. 2811 Kaucyon they nolde geve, no bidde.
1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1859) i. xvii. 18 He ne may..oblyge hym self, ne ley caucyon to pursue forth his accyon.
1531 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 99 To put yn cawcyon or gage that he schall not sewe the scoller.
1610 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 2) 1284 Sufficient recognizance or caution sealed with his owne hand.
1651 T. Hobbes Liberty i, in Wks. (1841) II. 13 The conqueror may..compel the conquered..to give caution of his future obedience.
a1718 W. Penn Wks. (1726) I. 668 Our Caution is as large as the Man that Swears.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 25 He..ought to give Caution by the Means of Sureties, that he will persevere in the Prosecution.
1789 Amer. Museum Feb. 139/1 These views are answered..here..with as good cautions as in England.
1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. iii. 132 To remain in ward until he find caution not to contravene the act of council.
b. The person who becomes security, a surety. Obsolete exc. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a bondsman or guarantor
borrowa1000
festermanOE
inborghc1175
pledge1348
surety1428
warrant1478
soverty1517
creditor1523
cautionerc1565
warranter1583
caution1586
warranty1586
security1600
stipulator1610
engager1611
pawner1611
undertaker1616
bond1632
ensurer1654
cautionary1655
security man1662
voucher1667
warrantee1668
respondent1672
guarand1674
guarantee1679
guaranty1684
hypothecator1828
warrantor1850
guarantor1853
1586 Let. Earle Leycester 23 By Othe, Bonds, or Hostages, as cautions for her good and loyal demeanour.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1584/2 Release of the bonds & hostages that should be giuen for cautions in that behalfe.
1627 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. i. 35 [Christ] becomes caution to His Father for all such as resolve and promise to serve Him.
1656 A. Cowley Pindaric Odes (1687) 3 What God (alas) will Caution be, For living Man's Securitie.
1685 C. Cotton tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. vi. 154 Any for whose intentions they would become absolute caution.
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxviii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 624 For whom you had been caution.
c. An obligation, a bond. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 22 Take þi caucioun and sette soone and wryte fifty barellis. [So 1388 Wyclif Luke xvi. 6; 1382 has obligacioun.]
d. = caution money n. at Compounds.
ΚΠ
1830 J. H. Monk Life R. Bentley xiv. 419 For some time after his degradation the disputations in theology were entirely dispensed with, on the payment of caution.
2. A saving clause; a proviso. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > reservation, proviso
conditionc1315
preveance?1316
purview1442
proviso1443
provision1450
saving1478
forprise1530
cautel1541
caveat1579
postulate1588
cautiona1593
non obstante1604
reservation1606
unless1606
reservancy1630
salvo1642
reserve1644
stipulation1792
reserver1807
get-out clause1912
clausula rebus sic stantibus1939
escape clause1945
a1593 H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 5 We pray for health, and wealth, and honour..and life, with a caution, If it be Gods will.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 224 It standeth therefore with these cautions firme and true.
1616 Sir H. Dockwra in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 18 The office shold be divided in twoe, but with this speciall cawtion, that our charges shold be kepte aparte.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 513 What meant that caution joind, if ye be found Obedient ? View more context for this quotation
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 8 I advance nothing from any Observation that was not made with this Caution.
3.
a. A word of warning; a caveat, monition; a hint or advice to anyone to take heed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > cautionary advice or admonition
warningc1000
monishinga1382
admonition?c1400
monitionc1400
advertisementc1475
monishment1483
premonishment?1548
document1549
caveat1557
warner1565
commonition1566
monitory?1567
commonefaction1576
memento1580
lessoning1583
alarm1608
beacon1609
cautiona1616
documentation1753
heads up1977
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [noun] > a warning or caution
monition?a1475
caveat1557
take-heed1596
alarm1608
cautiona1616
precaution1658
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 89 What ere thou art, for thy good caution, thanks. View more context for this quotation
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Caution = Caueat, a warning.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 13 Not by way of censure, but of caution.
1791 (title) A Caution to Gentlemen who use Sheridan's Dictionary.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 659 Measures for conveying to his rival a caution which perhaps might still arrive in time.
b. Military. An explanation previous to the word of command; a preliminary word of command.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > orders > [noun] > word of command > preliminary
attention1792
caution1796
tention1908
1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 135 The squadron leader will give a loud caution, that the doubling is to be made either successively, or by the whole squadron at once.
1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 30 The commanding officer will give the caution, form company squares.
c. An occurrence, act, or fact, which conveys a warning. (Somewhat colloquial: cf. ‘warning’.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > demotivation > [noun] > deterring > a deterrent example
mirrora1350
ensamplea1400
samplea1400
warning1613
caution1878
1878 Fr. Kemble Rec. Girlhood I. i. 14 The totally different character imparted by a helmet, or a garland of roses, to the same set of features, is a ‘caution’ to irregular beauties.
d. slang. (Of U.S. origin.) Anything that staggers, or excites alarm or astonishment; an extraordinary thing or person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > [noun] > a marvel, object of wonder
wonderc700
wonderinga1100
selcouthc1175
sellya1200
ferlyc1275
wondernessc1275
wonder thingc1290
adventurec1300
marvelc1300
marvellingc1400
wonderelc1440
signc1450
admiration1490
wonderment1542
wondering stockc1555
miracle-worker1561
singularity1576
stupor mundi1587
miracle1595
marvellation1599
portent1607
astonishment1611
prodigy1616
magnale1623
magnality1646
mirable1646
phenomenon1741
gaping-stock1817
reacher1825
stunner1829
buster1833
caution1834
merry-go-rounder1838
knock-down1843
astonisher1871
marvelry1874
mazer1876
phenom1881
whizzer1888
knock-out1892
whizz1908
doozy1916
doozer1930
heart-stopper1940
blockbuster1942
ooh-ah1957
mind-blower1968
stonker1987
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing apprehension or alarm > [noun] > alarm > something that alarms
fleac1430
fear1535
terrification1771
caution1834
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > [noun] > wonderful person
miracle1595
masterpiece1648
wonderling1658
prodigya1684
phenomenon1839
caution1870
astonisher1871
mazer1876
phenom1881
knock-out1892
superman1925
Wunderkind1930
whiz-kid1960
1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 1 Jan. in Winter in West (1835) I. 235 The way the icy blast would come down the bleak shore was a caution.
1859 All Year Round 24 Sept. 520 One man..whose performance was what the Americans call ‘a caution’.
1868 H. C. R. Johnson Long Vac. Argentine Alps 93 The first fifteen leagues we got over cheerily enough, but the last five were a caution.
1870 M. Collins Vivian III. ii. 26 His wife was what the Yankees call a ‘caution’.
4. The taking of heed; ‘provident care, wariness against evil’ (Johnson), as a kind or quality of conduct; cautiousness, heedfulness, circumspectness, prudence in regard to danger.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun]
wareness971
warelinessc1000
warningc1000
beseeing1340
cautel1531
warefulness1548
wariness1552
chariness1571
circumspectness1581
circumspection1598
warisomeness1607
guard1609
cautionateness1619
cautelousnessa1624
cautiona1639
cautiousness1649
guardedness1807
cacannyness1917
pussy-footedness1917
pussyfooting1956
leeriness1961
a1639 H. Wotton Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 11 Solicitudes..which kept the Earle in extream and continuall caution.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 63 in Sylva Uncover some Plants, but with Caution.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 143 By little Caution and much love betray'd. View more context for this quotation
1721 E. Young Revenge v. ii A rage In which the wise with caution will engage.
1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. Pref. 7 Caution to avoid being mistaken.
1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vi. iii. 72 Godfrey..had learned caution by his eventful life: it had degenerated into craft.
1863 W. Phillips Speeches vi. 139 Caution is not always good policy.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §6. 405 The caution and hesitation of Philip.
5. (with plural). A taking of heed, a cautious action or mode of proceeding; a precaution. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > a cautious action
caveata1599
cautiona1616
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution > a precaution
cautel1541
caveata1599
prevention1600
precaution1603
guard1609
cautiona1616
precautionary1748
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. vi. 45 That..might Aduise him to a Caution, t hold what distance His wisedome can prouide. View more context for this quotation
1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mechanicall: 1st Pt. xlvii. 161 The manner of making this Experiment, and the cautions us'd in judging of it, Your Lorship may learn by the recital of the subsequent Tryal.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 26 The neglect of ordinary Cautions.
1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 21 [Something] which, whether a prudent caution or not, was the first overt act of the new reign.
1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 157 By due attention to those cautions in the practice, which have been so fully pointed out.

Compounds

caution money n. money deposited as a security for good conduct, esp. by a student on entering a college, or an Inn of Court.
ΚΠ
1842 T. Arnold in Life & Corr. (1844) II. x. 305 The Colleges take care to secure themselves by requiring caution money.
1848 tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 631 No freedom of the press, except in favour of those who can deposit an exorbitant sum of caution money.
caution town n. Obsolete = cautionary adj. and n. town.
1665 T. H. Exact Surv. Affaires Netherlands 140 They delivered us the Caution-Towns we had taken.

Draft additions January 2018

1. A formal warning given to a suspect in a criminal investigation, stating that anything he or she says may be subsequently used as evidence against him or her; spec. a statement by a police officer informing a suspect under arrest or interrogation of his or her legal rights, including the right to remain silent. Cf. caution v. Additions 1.In the United States now commonly known as a Miranda warning (see Miranda n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [noun] > caution given by arresting officer
caution1888
the usual warning1931
1888 A. Reed Irish Constable's Guide (ed. 2) 185 In giving the caution the constable tells his prisoner that he is in custody, and not bound to say anything, but that anything he may say may hereafter be brought in evidence against him.
1905 M. Robinson Notes Criminal Procedure iv. 29 A statement to a police-constable made by a prisoner voluntarily is admissible in evidence at the trial, although no caution was given to him previous to making a statement.
1959 Yale Law Jrnl. 68 1012 Mallory was of extremely limited intelligence and unadvised of his right to counsel... His [sc. the accused's] intelligence bears..upon the sufficiency of a police caution, for a warning is of no relevance unless the accused can understand it.
1986 Stone's Justices' Man. (ed. 118) III. v. 6228 When there is a break in questioning under caution the interviewing officer must ensure that the person being questioned is aware that he remains under caution.
2015 N. Monaghan Law of Evid. iv. 71 The first part of the caution informs an accused that he does not have to say anything.
2. British. Law. A formal warning issued by the police to someone who has committed a minor offence, to the effect that further action will be taken if another such offence is committed.A caution is not a criminal conviction but forms part of a person's criminal record. Since 2003 cautions have been issued as either a simple caution or a conditional caution, the latter having certain rules or restrictions attached to which the offender must adhere.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > other processes, writs, or warrants
trailbaston1304
gavelet1313
withernam1314
praemunire facias1425
Valentine1556
statute of bankrupt1622
safeguard1670
avocatory1689
information quo warranto1690
statute of lunacy1706
jedge and warrant1720
habeas corpora1838
stop-order1875
caution1959
1959 Street Offences Bill in Parl. Papers 1958–9 (H.L. Bill 102) IV. 230 Where a woman is cautioned by a constable, in respect of her conduct in a street or public place, that if she persists in such conduct it may result in her being charged with an offence under section one of this Act, she may not later than fourteen clear days afterwards apply to a magistrates' court for an order directing that there is to be no entry made in respect of that caution in any record maintained by the police of those so cautioned.
1965 Mod. Law Rev. 28 424 Instead [of prosecution]..the police may issue a formal caution to the juvenile warning him that if he gets in trouble again he will be taken to court.
1978 Times 10 Apr. 4/1 A Conservative Government would introduce..more police cautions for trivial traffic offences.
1996 R. Allen Children & Crime v. 37 In the case of a child or young person under seventeen the caution is given in the presence of his or her parent or guardian.
2011 Daily Mail (Nexis) 24 Dec. There were 236,000 cautions issued last year. For drug offences, 40 per cent of all people punished received a caution.

Draft additions June 2021

to throw (also toss, fling, etc.) caution to the wind(s) (and variants): to stop being cautious and yield to impulse; to choose a bold or risky course of action without concern for the consequences. Also in weakened use: to choose to do something daring or exciting.Cf. to fling, give, throw, etc. to the winds at wind n.1 26b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > be incautious [verb (intransitive)] > be rash or reckless
racklea1425
to set cock on the hoopa1549
to play at hand over head1590
to throw (also toss, fling, etc.) caution to the wind(s)1751
to play the wild1849
rip1858
to fling (throw) one's cap over the windmill1885
1751 Adventures Capt. De la Fontaine 18 The better to succeed, he gave all Reserve and timid Caution to the Wind.
1801 C. Dibdin Brother Jack 2 He..leaving caution to the wind, risks every chance to serve mankind.
1852 Stirling Observer 29 July We who were merely onlookers, began to dread the consequences.., as both seemed actually to throw all caution to the winds.
1898 A. Castle & E. Castle Pride of Jennico iii. ii. 262 I vowed..that if he did not instantly tell me all I would throw caution to the wind and go to the palace and demand my wife in person.
1987 H. Hauser Call to Adventure xix. 192 People like Glenn will always toss caution to the wind, opt for the adventure and go ahead anyway.
1997 R. Bulkin Frommer's 97 Washington, D.C. 115 Throw caution to the winds and order up a cinnamon and apple spice cake smothered with brandy caramel sauce.
2019 Western Times (Queensland) (Nexis) 9 May 11 Throwing caution to the wind, they sign contracts and buy a house together.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cautionv.

/ˈkɔːʃən/
Etymology: < caution n.; compare French cautionner, medieval Latin cautiōnāre.
1. intransitive. To give a caution or warning. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > give cautionary advice
warnc1000
to put in or enter a caveat1577
caution1641
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 166 It was cautioned in the Law not to yoake an Oxe, and an Asse together.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. ***v We have Caution'd concerning it, in the Book it self.
2. To provide with a ‘caution’ or saving clause; to guard. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > modify, qualify [verb (transitive)] > furnish with provisos
caution1655
cautionate1655
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 130 Such Prophesyings..might be..discreetly cautioned and moderated.
1681 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 2nd Pt. 7 It was added, to caution this, that the person..should do nothing..without the advice and consent of the greater part of the rest.
3. To advise or charge (a person) to take heed; to warn. to caution oneself: to take heed, take precautions. Usual const. against, or to with infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > admonish
mingOE
monisha1382
correctc1386
admonish?c1400
minda1425
advertise1449
exhortc1475
premonisha1530
precaution1665
caution1683
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > warn (a person) of imminent danger or evil [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) on his guard
warn?c1225
ware1634
caution1683
admonish1785
1683 P. Lorrain tr. P. Muret Rites Funeral To Rdr. 4 In..cautioning us against a too late expectation of finding it.
a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. in Wks. (1696) I. v. 63 Cautioning us to take heed lest we be overcharged with surfeiting and drunkenness.
1702 Eng. Theophrastus 113 If a Man..do not caution himself against the Snares, etc.
1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 28 Don Quixote cautions Sancho Panza to be moderate in this food.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. xiv. 535 He cautions his readers against the common error of looking to antiquity for knowledge.

Derivatives

ˈcautioned adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [adjective] > warned
cautioned1718
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 451 To our caution'd Soul.
ˈcautioning adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > warning of imminent danger or evil > [adjective]
monitoryc1475
warning1552
portentous1553
forewarning1576
admonitory1577
cautionary1638
premonitory1647
precautionary1648
noutheticala1652
cautional1656
cautioning1747
monitorial1816
pre-warning1892
heads up1979
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [adjective] > admonishing
monitoryc1475
commonitory1570
admonitory1577
cautionary1638
precautionary1648
cautional1656
admonitivea1677
monitivea1677
monitorial1725
cautioning1747
admonitorial1848
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xxxviii. 256 More of the cautioning friend, than of the satirizing observer.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. vii. 72 Romola's belief in him had submerged all cautioning doubts.

Draft additions January 2018

1. transitive. To give a formal warning to (a criminal suspect) that anything he or she says may subsequently be used as evidence against him or her; spec. (of a police officer) to inform (a suspect under arrest or interrogation) of his or her legal rights, including the right to remain silent.Such cautioning is typically a legal requirement to ensure the admissibility of evidence in any later criminal proceedings. Cf. caution n. Additions 1.
ΚΠ
1830 G. Chetwynd Burn's Justice of Peace (ed. 25) I. 661 Where a gaoler had holden out an inducement to confess, and a magistrate went in consequence immediately to take the confession, although he cautioned the prisoner, the evidence was deemed inadmissible.
1838 Rep. Cases Eng. Courts Common Law 32 517 It appeared that the constable was present and had the prisoner in his custody when the confession was procured..and that the constable who was present did not caution the prisoner in any way.
1903 Irish Law Times & Solicitor's Jrnl. 15 Aug. 341/2 Objection was thereupon taken that, as the officer had not cautioned the prisoner before proceeding to question him, the statements were inadmissible.
1964 N.Y. Times 17 Nov. 33/2 The Judges' Rules..require a police officer who feels that a suspect may be involved in a crime to caution the suspect: ‘You are not obliged to say anything unless you may wish to do so.’
2000 Internat. Legal Materials 39 1085 The applicant was interviewed by police officers who cautioned him before each interview in terms of Article 3 of the Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1988.
2. transitive. British. Law. Of a police officer or crown prosecutor: to issue a formal warning to (a person who has committed a minor offence) to the effect that further action will be taken if another such offence is committed. Frequently in passive. Cf. caution n. Additions 2.
ΚΠ
1959 Street Offences Bill in Parl. Papers 1958–9 (H.L. Bill 102) IV. 230 Where a woman is cautioned by a constable, in respect of her conduct in a street or public place, that if she persists in such conduct it may result in her being charged with an offence under section one of this Act, she may not later than fourteen clear days afterwards apply to a magistrates' court for an order directing that there is to be no entry made in respect of that caution in any record maintained by the police of those so cautioned.
1987 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 150 50 To be cautioned the suspect must admit the offence; if he believes he is innocent he may prefer to be tried in court.
2006 C. Hedderman & M. Hough in A. Perry et al. Reducing Crime iv. 53 The police..have to consider whether it is in the public interest to caution the offender or refer the case to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS).
2016 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 28 May 17 A 24-year-old man has been cautioned for an offence of common assault after an incident in Central London.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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